Brazilian Days (064): March 5

Brazilian Days 064 

March 5

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Integração Cooperativista
(Cooperative Integration)

---

Dia do Filatelista Brasileiro
(Brazilian Philatelist)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1887
Birth of composer Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959)

---

1948
Creation of the student commission for the protection of petroleum  by the Brazilian Student Union (UNE).

They introduced the slogan “O Petróleo é Nosso” (`The petroleum is ours`).

---

1979
Inauguration of the metro system in Rio de Janeiro

---

1922
Foundation of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCdoB)

---

2000
Beatification of thirty Brazilian martyrs by Pope John Paul II.

In 1645, they were killed by the Dutch and by indigenous in Rio Grande do Norte.

---

1637
Portuguese surrendered of Porto Calvo (Alagoas) to Dutch governor Maurício de Nassau

---

1911
Foundation of the Medical Faculty of the Federal University (UFMG) in Belo Horizonte (MG)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (018): January 18

Brazilian Days 018 

January 18

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional do Riso

(International Smile Day). The World Smile Day, created in 1963, is on the first Friday in October. This day is founded by the World Smile Cooperation, which was owned by Harvey Ball (1921-2001), creator of the smiley. The Brazilian Smile Day is on 6 November. However, the International Smile Day is also marked on 18 January, according to various Brazilian sources.
When we smile, we use 12 facial muscles, and when we laugh we move 24 muscles. When we talk and laugh at the same time, we use 84 muscles. Meanwhile, the laugh is not restricted to the face, it involves the entire body. According to dermatologists, laughing slows down the appearance of facial wrinkles.

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1696
Creation of Freguesia de São João Batista de Icaraí (now district within Niterói, RJ), by Alvará.

---

1823
Creation of Batalhão do Imperador (Imperial Batallion) by emperor Dom Pedro I

---

1892
Inauguration of the first sugar factory in the state of Alagoas.

---

1913
Inauguration of the cable train track Morro da Urca – Pão de Açúcar, Rio de Janeiro.

This track is the second part of the track Urca – Pão de Açúcar.

---

1951
Getúlio Vargas proclaimed president of Brazil, by the Justiça Eleitoral (electoral court).

---

1965
Decree defined 9 June as  ‘Dia Nacional de Anchieta ‘ (National Anchieta Day).

The day refers to the death of Padre (father) Anchieta on 9 June 1597. Padre Anchieta was one of the founders of the cities of São Paulo (1554) and Rio de Janeiro (1565).

---

1980
Bomb deactivated in Leonel Brizola’s apartment in  Hotel Everest, Rio de Janeiro.

---

1984
Launch of presidential election campaign of candidate Paulo Maluf.

---

1985
Athlete Joaquim Cruz elected as best Latin American Athlete 1984.

This was announced by Federação Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Jornalistas Desportivos (Latin American and Caribbean Federation of Sports Journalists)

---

1988
End of energy rationing in the Northeast.

The rationing of electric energy had started on 1 March 1987.

---

2000
Oil leakage in Guanabara Bay

About 1.3 million liters of oil was leaked in the bay. Petrobrás was held responsible for this leakage.

---

2001
Vasco da Gama Brazilian Soccer Champion 2000.

That year, the competition was called Copa João Havelange. No less than 116 teams entered this competition at 4 different levels. The final was between São Caetano (SP) and Vasco da Gama (RJ). The first match had ended in a 1-1 draw. The second match, on 30 december 2000, was interrupted when a separation fence collapsed and caused more than 150 wounded. The replay of the second match was on 18 January, and resulted in a 3-1 victory for Vasco, gaining their fourth national title.

---

2005
Start of Ano do Brasil (Year of Brazil) in France. 

In Brazil, Ano da França (Year of France) was in 2009.

---

2007
First Taça das Nações Indígenas de Futebol (Indigenous Nations’ Soccer Cup) in Juiz de Fora (MG).

The cup was disputed by 19 Brazilian ethnic indian tribes. The 26 matches resulted in 100 goals. Winner was Xerente of the state of Tocantins.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (259): September 16

Brazilian Days 259

September 16

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional para Preservação da Camada de Ozônio

(International Day of the Protection of the Ozone layer). On September 16, 1978, the Protocol of Montreal was signed, banning the use of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) in phases. This day was introduced in 1995 by the General Assembly of the UN. In 1973, the scientists Frank Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina demonstrated the influence of CFC in the atmosphere. They proved that these molecules are able to destroy ozone molecules in the higher layers of the atmosphere: the stratosphere. In addition, Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen demonstrated that nitrogen monoxide may accelerate this destruction. In 1995, the three scientists received a Nobel prize for their discoveries. The famous gap in the ozone layer above Antarctica appeared to shrink, but reached its maximum in 2006: 26 million square kilometers.

Animation about the consequences of ozone depletion (not recommended for minors!)

 


The ozone layer on 24 September 24 2006,
reaching an all-time maximum

OZONE DEPLETION

Globo Ecologia: Camada de Ozônio

---

Dia da Conservação e Fertilidade do Solo

(Protection and Fertilization of the Soil). This day is also held on April 15.

SOIL CONSERVATION

UPF TV: Conservação do Solo

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1965
Foundation of Embratel.

Embratel is Brazil’s second largest telecommunication company. Embratel stands for Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicações S.A. At the time of its creation in 1965, Brazil counted a little more than one million telephones, and a few telegraph lines. in 1969, Embratel realized the first satellite connection. The first satellite message was the blessing by pope Paul VI, from Rome. One year later, Brazilians were able to receive direct broadcasts of the soccer matches during the World Cup in Mexico. In 1972, there was the first broadcast in color. During the eighties of the past century, international communication lines was able by satellites and cables in the Atlantic Ocean. In the nineties academic centers were connected with each other by fast optic fiber cables. In 1998, Embratel was privatized and sold to the American MCI Telecommunications. In 2004, the company was bought by the Mexican Telmex. Embratel is registered at the Bovespa stock exchange in São Paulo.

EMBRATEL
EMBRATEL	Clipe de abertura das transmissões da Copa do Mundo do México – 1970

---

1817
Creation of the Capitania de Alagoas.

The area of the tiny Brazilian state Alagoas – slightly smaller than Belgium – was occupied by the French in 1535, followed by the Portuguese. The Dutch invaded Alagoas from neighboring Pernambuco and occupied it from 1630 to 1645. Then Alagoas was reconquered by the Portuguese again. In 1706, Alagoas became a comarca, a district. Only at the end of the colonial era, it became a capitania. On June 11, 1891, the constitutional law was signed and Alagoas became a Brazilian state. The capital of Alagoas is Maceió, widely known for its beautiful beaches.

 

Maceió, capital of Alagoas

ALAGOAS (AL)
Alagoas é Bonito Demais	Maceió a Maragogi Alagoas é assim
TERRA DE ALAGOAS	Tourism Alagoas

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom  © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (162): June 11

Brazilian Days 162

June 11

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Marinha Brasileira
(Brazilian Navy). On 11 June 1865, the battle at Riachuelo, on the Paraná River, took place. This battle became the turning point in the war of the Triple Alliance (Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil) against Paraguay). At present the Brazilian Navy has to defend more than 7000 km of coastal area, as well as 55 thousand square km of waterways. The Brazilian territorial waters are also known as ‘Amazônia Azul‘, the ‘Blue Amazon’, because of the enormous area that is almost half of the size of the Brazilian mainland.

 

---

Dia do Educador Sanitário
(Health educator). The health educator, specialized in hygiene, is very important for informing the poor about the responsible use of water and about biological waste.

---

Dia do Motociclismo)
(Motor cycling, RJ)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1970
Abduction of the West German ambassador von Holleben.

The ambassador, Ehrenfried von Holleben, was abducted in Rio de Janeiro by members of the ALN and VPR. One of Holleben’s bodyguards was killed in action. The kidnappers demanded the release of 40 prisoners who had to be transported to Algeria, Chile or Mexico, and the publication of a revolutionary manifest. One of the prisoners was convicted for his involvement in the abduction of the American ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick in 1969. De Brazilian government gave in, the prisoners were released and flown to Algeria. Five days later, the ambassador was released, unharmed.

  

---

1865
Battle at Riachuelo.

This battle, on the Paraná River, was a turning point in the war of the Triple Alliance (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) against Paraguay (1864-1870). Early in this bloody war (about 400 thousand deaths), Paraguay was winning the battles. They wanted to defeat the Brazilian Navy, which transported troops to the battlefield, with a surprise attack and force the victory in this war. The Paraguayan commander ordered to attack at dawn, but due to technical problems, the Paraguayan navy fleet only reached the Brazilian navy fleet around noon. Initially, the Brazilian fleet was about to lose the battle, but the strength of the Brazilian navy was superior to that of the Paraguayan navy. Some vessels of the Paraguayan navy were sunk before they retreated. This battle became decisive and eventually led to the total defeat of the Paraguayan armed forces in 1870.

---

1855
Start of the construction of Estrada de Ferro Central.

The Estrada de Ferro central was a network of railways that connected the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais with each other. At present, almost all these railways have been eliminated, thanks to the competition with road transport and aviation.

---

1826
Sea battle of Los Pozes.

Argentinian admiral Brown, who commanded four vessels, expelled a larger number of vessels of the Brazilian navy that blocked the harbor of Buenos Aires.

---

1808
Opening of the Brazilian harbors to befriended nations.

This decree was complementary to the Carta Régia.

---

1891
First constitution of the state of  Alagoas

---

1990
Start of the circulation of Cr$ 5.000,00 banknotes with the portrait of Carlos Gomes

---

2001
Coach of the Brazilian soccer team Emerson Leão fired. 

---

2003
Brazilian Cup for soccer club Cruzeiro.

Cruzeiro beat Flamengo 3 x 1.

---

2005
First phase of the National Vaccination Campaign against Polio

---

2007
Announcement of revitalization actions of the São Francisco River in the state of Minas Gerais. 

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (153): June 2

Brazilian Days 153

June 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia internacional do Pólen
(Pollen). Pollen, often carried by the bees. They transport it from flower to flower, and hereby contribute to the multiplication of plants. For a group of people, pollen is a curse: they are allergic to it. In spring and early summer, when numerous plants and trees are flowering, many suffer some kind of pollen allergy. Pollen is not only the base for honey, but it is also found in various extracts, against prostate problems and hair loss, among others. Indeed, it seems to sort some effect to male hormones. IT is claimed that one of the bee products, propolis, may have medicinal, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal effects. The bees produce propolis for the construction of the honeycomb walls. Propolis, a resin-like product with a bitter taste, is popular among Brazilians. With the appearance of the first symptoms of a cold or fever, propolis is used.

^bron

---

Dia da Comunidade Italiana
(Italian community, SP)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1882
Death of Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero of the Guerra (war) dos Farrapos

 

---

1901
Birth of writer José Lins do Rego 

---

2002
Murder of journalist Tim Lopes in Rio de Janeiro

The journalist, working for Rede Globo, was assassinated by drug traffickers in a favela.

---

1981
Publication of the blacklist of communists and symphatizers by the dictatorial regime

The list included future president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and singer Chico Buarque

---

1880
Passage of D. Pedro II and the imperial family through Tindiquera, Araucária, Paraná 

---

1917
End of Brazilian neutrality in the First World War

A start was made of entering German vessels.

---

1914
Foundation of soccer club Ceará Sporting Club

---

1954
Creation of Biblioteca Pública Estadual (MG), the public state library of Minas Gerais.

---

1968
Occupation of PUC (Pontifícia Universidade Católica) de São Paulo by students 

---

1981
Creation of Parque Nacional (national park) dos Lençóis Maranhenses (MA)

---

1984
Death of poet Raul Bopp

---

1999
Ninth Marcha para Jesus (March for Jesus, by evangelists) by more than 400 thousand people in São Paulo

---

2004
Heavy rainfall in the state of Alagoas, state of emergency declared in Maceió.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

 

.

Brazilian Days (064): March 5

Brazilian Days 064 

March 5

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Integração Cooperativista
(Cooperative Integration)

---

Dia do Filatelista Brasileiro
(Brazilian Philatelist)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1887
Birth of composer Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959)

---

1948
Creation of the student commission for the protection of petroleum  by the Brazilian Student Union (UNE).

They introduced the slogan “O Petróleo é Nosso” (`The petroleum is ours`).

---

1979
Inauguration of the metro system in Rio de Janeiro

---

1922
Foundation of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCdoB)

---

2000
Beatification of thirty Brazilian martyrs by Pope John Paul II.

In 1645, they were killed by the Dutch and by indigenous in Rio Grande do Norte.

---

1637
Portuguese surrendered of Porto Calvo (Alagoas) to Dutch governor Maurício de Nassau

---

1911
Foundation of the Medical Faculty of the Federal University (UFMG) in Belo Horizonte (MG)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (018): January 18

Brazilian Days 018 

January 18

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional do Riso

(International Smile Day). The World Smile Day, created in 1963, is on the first Friday in October. This day is founded by the World Smile Cooperation, which was owned by Harvey Ball (1921-2001), creator of the smiley. The Brazilian Smile Day is on 6 November. However, the International Smile Day is also marked on 18 January, according to various Brazilian sources.
When we smile, we use 12 facial muscles, and when we laugh we move 24 muscles. When we talk and laugh at the same time, we use 84 muscles. Meanwhile, the laugh is not restricted to the face, it involves the entire body. According to dermatologists, laughing slows down the appearance of facial wrinkles.

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1696
Creation of Freguesia de São João Batista de Icaraí (now district within Niterói, RJ), by Alvará.

---

1823
Creation of Batalhão do Imperador (Imperial Batallion) by emperor Dom Pedro I

---

1892
Inauguration of the first sugar factory in the state of Alagoas.

---

1913
Inauguration of the cable train track Morro da Urca – Pão de Açúcar, Rio de Janeiro.

This track is the second part of the track Urca – Pão de Açúcar.

---

1951
Getúlio Vargas proclaimed president of Brazil, by the Justiça Eleitoral (electoral court).

---

1965
Decree defined 9 June as  ‘Dia Nacional de Anchieta ‘ (National Anchieta Day).

The day refers to the death of Padre (father) Anchieta on 9 June 1597. Padre Anchieta was one of the founders of the cities of São Paulo (1554) and Rio de Janeiro (1565).

---

1980
Bomb deactivated in Leonel Brizola’s apartment in  Hotel Everest, Rio de Janeiro.

---

1984
Launch of presidential election campaign of candidate Paulo Maluf.

---

1985
Athlete Joaquim Cruz elected as best Latin American Athlete 1984.

This was announced by Federação Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Jornalistas Desportivos (Latin American and Caribbean Federation of Sports Journalists)

---

1988
End of energy rationing in the Northeast.

The rationing of electric energy had started on 1 March 1987.

---

2000
Oil leakage in Guanabara Bay

About 1.3 million liters of oil was leaked in the bay. Petrobrás was held responsible for this leakage.

---

2001
Vasco da Gama Brazilian Soccer Champion 2000.

That year, the competition was called Copa João Havelange. No less than 116 teams entered this competition at 4 different levels. The final was between São Caetano (SP) and Vasco da Gama (RJ). The first match had ended in a 1-1 draw. The second match, on 30 december 2000, was interrupted when a separation fence collapsed and caused more than 150 wounded. The replay of the second match was on 18 January, and resulted in a 3-1 victory for Vasco, gaining their fourth national title.

---

2005
Start of Ano do Brasil (Year of Brazil) in France. 

In Brazil, Ano da França (Year of France) was in 2009.

---

2007
First Taça das Nações Indígenas de Futebol (Indigenous Nations’ Soccer Cup) in Juiz de Fora (MG).

The cup was disputed by 19 Brazilian ethnic indian tribes. The 26 matches resulted in 100 goals. Winner was Xerente of the state of Tocantins.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (259): September 16

Brazilian Days 259

September 16

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional para Preservação da Camada de Ozônio

(International Day of the Protection of the Ozone layer). On September 16, 1978, the Protocol of Montreal was signed, banning the use of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) in phases. This day was introduced in 1995 by the General Assembly of the UN. In 1973, the scientists Frank Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina demonstrated the influence of CFC in the atmosphere. They proved that these molecules are able to destroy ozone molecules in the higher layers of the atmosphere: the stratosphere. In addition, Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen demonstrated that nitrogen monoxide may accelerate this destruction. In 1995, the three scientists received a Nobel prize for their discoveries. The famous gap in the ozone layer above Antarctica appeared to shrink, but reached its maximum in 2006: 26 million square kilometers.

Animation about the consequences of ozone depletion (not recommended for minors!)

 


The ozone layer on 24 September 24 2006,
reaching an all-time maximum

OZONE DEPLETION

Globo Ecologia: Camada de Ozônio

---

Dia da Conservação e Fertilidade do Solo

(Protection and Fertilization of the Soil). This day is also held on April 15.

SOIL CONSERVATION

UPF TV: Conservação do Solo

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1965
Foundation of Embratel.

Embratel is Brazil’s second largest telecommunication company. Embratel stands for Empresa Brasileira de Telecomunicações S.A. At the time of its creation in 1965, Brazil counted a little more than one million telephones, and a few telegraph lines. in 1969, Embratel realized the first satellite connection. The first satellite message was the blessing by pope Paul VI, from Rome. One year later, Brazilians were able to receive direct broadcasts of the soccer matches during the World Cup in Mexico. In 1972, there was the first broadcast in color. During the eighties of the past century, international communication lines was able by satellites and cables in the Atlantic Ocean. In the nineties academic centers were connected with each other by fast optic fiber cables. In 1998, Embratel was privatized and sold to the American MCI Telecommunications. In 2004, the company was bought by the Mexican Telmex. Embratel is registered at the Bovespa stock exchange in São Paulo.

EMBRATEL
EMBRATEL	Clipe de abertura das transmissões da Copa do Mundo do México – 1970

---

1817
Creation of the Capitania de Alagoas.

The area of the tiny Brazilian state Alagoas – slightly smaller than Belgium – was occupied by the French in 1535, followed by the Portuguese. The Dutch invaded Alagoas from neighboring Pernambuco and occupied it from 1630 to 1645. Then Alagoas was reconquered by the Portuguese again. In 1706, Alagoas became a comarca, a district. Only at the end of the colonial era, it became a capitania. On June 11, 1891, the constitutional law was signed and Alagoas became a Brazilian state. The capital of Alagoas is Maceió, widely known for its beautiful beaches.

 

Maceió, capital of Alagoas

ALAGOAS (AL)
Alagoas é Bonito Demais	Maceió a Maragogi Alagoas é assim
TERRA DE ALAGOAS	Tourism Alagoas

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom  © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (162): June 11

Brazilian Days 162

June 11

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Marinha Brasileira
(Brazilian Navy). On 11 June 1865, the battle at Riachuelo, on the Paraná River, took place. This battle became the turning point in the war of the Triple Alliance (Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil) against Paraguay). At present the Brazilian Navy has to defend more than 7000 km of coastal area, as well as 55 thousand square km of waterways. The Brazilian territorial waters are also known as ‘Amazônia Azul‘, the ‘Blue Amazon’, because of the enormous area that is almost half of the size of the Brazilian mainland.

 

---

Dia do Educador Sanitário
(Health educator). The health educator, specialized in hygiene, is very important for informing the poor about the responsible use of water and about biological waste.

---

Dia do Motociclismo)
(Motor cycling, RJ)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1970
Abduction of the West German ambassador von Holleben.

The ambassador, Ehrenfried von Holleben, was abducted in Rio de Janeiro by members of the ALN and VPR. One of Holleben’s bodyguards was killed in action. The kidnappers demanded the release of 40 prisoners who had to be transported to Algeria, Chile or Mexico, and the publication of a revolutionary manifest. One of the prisoners was convicted for his involvement in the abduction of the American ambassador Charles Burke Elbrick in 1969. De Brazilian government gave in, the prisoners were released and flown to Algeria. Five days later, the ambassador was released, unharmed.

  

---

1865
Battle at Riachuelo.

This battle, on the Paraná River, was a turning point in the war of the Triple Alliance (Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) against Paraguay (1864-1870). Early in this bloody war (about 400 thousand deaths), Paraguay was winning the battles. They wanted to defeat the Brazilian Navy, which transported troops to the battlefield, with a surprise attack and force the victory in this war. The Paraguayan commander ordered to attack at dawn, but due to technical problems, the Paraguayan navy fleet only reached the Brazilian navy fleet around noon. Initially, the Brazilian fleet was about to lose the battle, but the strength of the Brazilian navy was superior to that of the Paraguayan navy. Some vessels of the Paraguayan navy were sunk before they retreated. This battle became decisive and eventually led to the total defeat of the Paraguayan armed forces in 1870.

---

1855
Start of the construction of Estrada de Ferro Central.

The Estrada de Ferro central was a network of railways that connected the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Minas Gerais with each other. At present, almost all these railways have been eliminated, thanks to the competition with road transport and aviation.

---

1826
Sea battle of Los Pozes.

Argentinian admiral Brown, who commanded four vessels, expelled a larger number of vessels of the Brazilian navy that blocked the harbor of Buenos Aires.

---

1808
Opening of the Brazilian harbors to befriended nations.

This decree was complementary to the Carta Régia.

---

1891
First constitution of the state of  Alagoas

---

1990
Start of the circulation of Cr$ 5.000,00 banknotes with the portrait of Carlos Gomes

---

2001
Coach of the Brazilian soccer team Emerson Leão fired. 

---

2003
Brazilian Cup for soccer club Cruzeiro.

Cruzeiro beat Flamengo 3 x 1.

---

2005
First phase of the National Vaccination Campaign against Polio

---

2007
Announcement of revitalization actions of the São Francisco River in the state of Minas Gerais. 

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (153): June 2

Brazilian Days 153

June 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia internacional do Pólen
(Pollen). Pollen, often carried by the bees. They transport it from flower to flower, and hereby contribute to the multiplication of plants. For a group of people, pollen is a curse: they are allergic to it. In spring and early summer, when numerous plants and trees are flowering, many suffer some kind of pollen allergy. Pollen is not only the base for honey, but it is also found in various extracts, against prostate problems and hair loss, among others. Indeed, it seems to sort some effect to male hormones. IT is claimed that one of the bee products, propolis, may have medicinal, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal effects. The bees produce propolis for the construction of the honeycomb walls. Propolis, a resin-like product with a bitter taste, is popular among Brazilians. With the appearance of the first symptoms of a cold or fever, propolis is used.

^bron

---

Dia da Comunidade Italiana
(Italian community, SP)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1882
Death of Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero of the Guerra (war) dos Farrapos

 

---

1901
Birth of writer José Lins do Rego 

---

2002
Murder of journalist Tim Lopes in Rio de Janeiro

The journalist, working for Rede Globo, was assassinated by drug traffickers in a favela.

---

1981
Publication of the blacklist of communists and symphatizers by the dictatorial regime

The list included future president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and singer Chico Buarque

---

1880
Passage of D. Pedro II and the imperial family through Tindiquera, Araucária, Paraná 

---

1917
End of Brazilian neutrality in the First World War

A start was made of entering German vessels.

---

1914
Foundation of soccer club Ceará Sporting Club

---

1954
Creation of Biblioteca Pública Estadual (MG), the public state library of Minas Gerais.

---

1968
Occupation of PUC (Pontifícia Universidade Católica) de São Paulo by students 

---

1981
Creation of Parque Nacional (national park) dos Lençóis Maranhenses (MA)

---

1984
Death of poet Raul Bopp

---

1999
Ninth Marcha para Jesus (March for Jesus, by evangelists) by more than 400 thousand people in São Paulo

---

2004
Heavy rainfall in the state of Alagoas, state of emergency declared in Maceió.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

 

.