(Day of Dom Pedro’s announcement not to return to Portugal)
Dia do Astronauta
(Astronaut).
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1822 Dia do Fico: D. Pedro joined the Brazilian nationalist movement.
A royal decree from Portugal urged Pedro to return to Portugal and join his father. Pedro took the opportunity to stay in Brazil, declare Brazil independent, and declare himself as leader.
1824 Câmara Municipal (City Council) of Quixeramobim (CE) declared the end of Dom Pedro’s reign and proclaimed the republic.
At that time, the municipality was called Campo Maior, located in the center of the state of Ceará. When Dom Pedro declared the end of the Constitution, many revolts broke out, mainly in the Northeast. The republic didn’t last for long: it suffered repression by the Confederation of the Equator movement, which had started about the same time.
1824 Final edition of the newspaper ‘Compilador de Minas’
1872 Signing of Tratado Definitivo de Paz e Amizade Perpétua (Definitive Treaty of Eternal Peace and Friendship) between Brazil and Paraguay.
1881 Reform of the Electoral Law (Lei Saraiva), per Decreto nº 3029.
Voters received ‘título de eleitor’ (election ID), candidates were reviewed by the Judicial Power, for direct elections by secret voting.
1892 Decreto Estadual nº 8 defined the flag of the state of Paraná.
1943 Brazil declared adhesion to The United Nations Organization and the Atlantic Chart.
2003 Collision between two metro trains at Primeiro de Maio Station, Belo Horizonte (MG)
1992 Creation of the city of Balneário Barra do Sul (SC)
1558
Installation of Mem de Sá as Governor-general of Brazil
.
1615
French colonists ousted from Maranhão by the Portuguese.
1898
Brazilian politician Luís Carlos Prestes became Secretary-General of the Partido Comunista Brasileiro (Brazilian Communist Party).
1938
Nationwide broadcast of the radio program ‘A Hora do Brasil’.
The program, already on air since 22 July 1935 under the name ‘A Voz do Brasil’, and regained the original name on 6 September 1946.
1959
Start of the production of Volkswagen Beetle in Brazil.
In Brazil, this brand is called ‘Fusca’.
1983
First broadcast of Praça TV, by Rede Globo.
1983
First broadcast of Bom Dia Brasil, by Globo.
1984
Departure of ‘Barão de Teffé’, a Brazilian research vessel, to Antarctica, in order to establish the first Brazilian research station on the continent.
1987
Aviation accident in Ivory Coast involving an airplane of Varig.
Varig flight 797, with a Boeing 707, had departed from Abidjan (Ivory Coast) on its way to Rio de Janeiro. Soon after the departure, there were problems with one of the motors. When returning to the airport, the plane crashed in the jungle, at 18 km from the airport. There was only one survivor of the 39 passengers and 12 crew members.
2005
The city of Criciúma (Santa Catarina) hit by a tornado.
When engineers projected a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais, at the end of the 19th century, they wanted to create a viable city free from diseases and revolutions. They were inspired upon the modern cities of Paris and Washington. The planned city was divided into three zones: a central urban zone, surrounded by an suburban zone and the rural zone. The center was planned with straight, wide avenues and received all essential facilities: transport, education, sanitation and medical assistance. The original city was limited by a circular avenue, which was called Avenida 17 de Dezembro, now better known as Avenida do Contorno, which now limits the actual center of Belo Horizonte.
The suburban area was characterized by irregular streets and was thought to be populated at a much later stage, and therefore didn’t receive the urban infrastructure. The rural area was thought to be populated by five rural colonies with a large number of farms, and was thought to function as a green belt around the city.
The original inhabitants were rapidly removed from the urban zone and were offered houses that were much more expensive. They had no other option than to move far from the city limits. The urban center was exclusively reserved for government employees, whereas construction workers were blocked to live there. They moved to the suburban zone where the first favelas were erected. At the time of the inauguration of Belo Horizonte, the city itself was still under full construction.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1877 Death of writer José de Alencar
1962 Death of writer Pagu
1807 Birth of admiral Tamandaré (1807)
1897 Foundation of the city of Belo Horizonte (MG)
Already in 1701, bandeirante (pioneer) João Leite da Silva Ortiz arrived in the Serra (mountainous region) of Congonhas. In the search for gold, he and his companions encountered an area with beautiful views, with a moderate climate and with arable land. João decided to stay there, and he constructed his Fazenda do Cercado, with some crops and cattle. His prosperous fazenda caught attention and soon more adventurers arrived in this region. The settlement was named Curral del Rei, while the Serra de Congonhas was renamed into Serra do Curral. Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem (Our Lady of Good Travel) was chosen as patron saint. Curral del Rei expanded gradually. When mining activities were started, the village expanded quickly: from a number of 40 families to more than 18 thousand people. A new church was built: Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem. The prosperous mining era had a short life. Various regions of Curral del Rei became autonomous, and the population dropped rapidly. With the fall of the Brazilian Empire, republicans in Curral del Rei proposed to have the name changed into Belo Horizonte. With the announcement of the construction a a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais, the villagers started a big party that lasted three days. They were dreaming of the modernization of their village, but soon they realized that the new capital had become a nightmare for them: there was no space for the original inhabitants of Curral del Rei, they were forced to move out of the construction area, and had to move to locations far from the construction site. On these locations favelas emerged.
1897 Transfer of the capital of Minas Gerais, from Ouro Preto to Cidade de Minas (now Belo Horizonte)
The discussion of a new capital of the state of Minas Gerais already had started in 1789, when the inconfidentes (conspiracy leaders) were planning to transfer the capital from Ouro Preto (symbol of colonialism) to São João del Rei. There were four more attempts for a transfer to the capital, but all failed. Only after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, in 1889, another attempt was made. This time, the transfer should not have taken place to another existing city, but to a new city, to be constructed. In 1891, a decree issued by governor Augusto de Lima, stated that a new capital should meet hygienic needs. On 17 December 1893, a law was added to the state constitutional law that the new government seat should be created in Belo Horizonte. Within the time limit of four years, the new city was constructed, under the supervision of Aarão Reis.
1946 Birth of F1 driver Emerson Fittipaldi.
1994 – Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) declared former president Fernando Collor de Mello not guilty of the accusations of corruption that led to his step-down in 1992.
(Informatics). On February 15, 1946, ENIAC appeared, the first machine that may be considered as a computer. This ENIAC was fully electronic and was able to process data. Some sources indicate that this computer had been evolved as a by-product during the development process of the atomic bomb in the Second World War. Eniac stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer and was constructed at the Pennsylvania University, by a team led by engineer John Presper Eckert Jr. and physicist John William Mauchly. The date of August 15 now appears to be an erroneous date, since the launch of ENIAC was on February 15.
Dia do Religioso e da Religiosa
(Religious workers). At the day of the Assumption of Mary, the day of the religious is held. Those are men and women who were ‘called by God’. They are connected to one of the many religious orders and congregations, generally live in frugality, confession, and devotion.
Dia dos Solteiros
(Singles). This must be the least beloved feast day, by far the most single people never want to celebrate this day again; they prefer to celebrate the Dia dos Namorados (Day of the Beloved) on June 12. Brazil hosts an increasing number of singles; women in Belo Horizonte complain incessantly about the shortage of men. These numbers vary from 7 to 14 women to one man. This complaint even has gained national attention. In 2010, according to the IGBE, Brazil counted 31,9 million male and 30,3 million female singles.
To comfort desperate singles, the following statements about the benefits of being single:
O melhor de se estar solteiro é estar disponível para se envolver com quem quiser.
O solteiro não deve satisfação pra ninguém; não tem hora pra chegar em casa,
nem tem que dar explicações sobre onde e com quem estava.
O solteiro pode planejar seus fins-de-semana e suas férias sem precisar pedir a opinião de ninguém.
O solteiro pode ler seu livro, jornal ou revista descansadamente.
O solteiro pode ver seus filmes e programas de TV preferidos, sem ter que ouvir opiniões ou reclamações.
O solteiro tem mais tempo para os amigos e para fazer o que gosta.
O solteiro não fica olhando no relógio a cada minuto enquanto espera o companheiro(a);
nem precisa correr quando está atrasado para aquele encontro.
O solteiro não precisa fazer malabarismos para agradar o companheiro (a) todos os dias.
O solteiro não tem que ir naquela festa de família ou assistir aquele filme chato, só para agradar o companheiro (a).
O solteiro não tem sogra (este pode ser um bom argumento para se continuar solteiro).
O solteiro não precisa ouvir reclamações nem cobranças; nem precisa discutir a relação.
O solteiro não precisa agüentar discussões intermináveis, quando o relacionamento não vai bem.
O solteiro não tem nenhum motivo para sentir ciúme; nem precisa mentir ou inventar histórias.
O solteiro dorme e acorda sem ouvir roncos, nem receber cotoveladas e joelhadas durante a noite.
O solteiro faz sexo sem compromisso e sem obrigação.
O solteiro não se deixou enganar pelas armadilhas do amor e da paixão.
O solteiro não precisa gastar fortunas com telefonemas ou com as despesas da casa.
O solteiro não se preocupa com divórcio ou com divisão de bens.
SINGLES – SOLTEIROS
Dia do Solteiro – Ver Mais –
Programa da RIC Record
Dia do Solteiro – Entrevista SETV 1ª edição (15/08/2011)
Balanço Geral – Dia 15 é o dia dos solteiros. Você vai comemorar?
FANTÁSTICO: Ciência ajuda os solteiros na hora da conquista (15/08/10)
materia engraçada dia dos solteiros-Reportagem Yêdda Martins
Mais Da Metade Dos Homens E Mulheres Do Brasil Estão Solteiros
Dia Nacional das Santas Casas de Misericórdia
(Brazilian Day of Hospitals of Charity). On August 15, 1498, in Lisbon, the first Irmandade da Misericórdia (hospital) was founded by Dona Leonor de Lencastre, who had ascended the Portuguese throne, after the death of her brother, D. Manuel. Not long after, more Santas Casas were opened, in Portugal and the colonies. At the time of the death of Dona Leonor (name is originally Arabic ” El-Nor ou !Allah nuur, or “noor” , God is the Light), more than sixty hospitals were in operation. source
SANTA CASA
Video Institucional – Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo
Institucional da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Votuporanga – 2010
SANTA CASA DE MISERICÓRDIA, DE SANTOS-SP
Santa Casa de Curitiba • 130 anos de fundação
Santa Casa: trabalho e vida (Parte 1)
Santa Casa: trabalho e vida (Parte 2)
Santa Casa: trabalho e vida (Parte 3)
SANTA CASA – CAMPANHA DE DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS
Dia da Assunção de Nossa Senhora
(Assumption of Holy Mary). Since Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem is the patron saint of Belo Horizonte, August 15 is a holiday in the city. Highlight of that day is the procession, “Procissão Luminosa”, through the center of the city.
procession / Boa Viagem church
Procession in Belo Horizonte
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1909 Death of writer Euclides da Cunha (1866-1909)
Euclides became deadly wounded during a duel with the lover of his wife Ana, lieutenant Dilermando de Assis.Euclideswas in his active life engineer, journalist, and writer. His most important and also one of the most important of the Brazilian literature was “Os Sertões”, translated into English as “Rebellion in the Backlands”, published in 1902. The story tells about the Rebellion of Canudos in 1890, a community in the outback of Pernambuco who battled against the Brazilian government. The Canudos community was slaughtered brutally, only 150 managed to survived this massacre. Also the famous Peruvian writer, Mario Vargas Llosa, was inspired by this rebellion, for his work “La Guerra del Fin del Mundo”(The war of the end of the World).
EUCLIDES DA CUNHA
Euclides da Cunha – Vida e Obra
Os Sertões-Euclides da Cunha
100 anos sem Euclides da Cunha – OInaTV (1/6)
100 anos sem Euclides da Cunha – OInaTV (2/6)
100 anos sem Euclides da Cunha – OInaTV (3/6)
100 anos sem Euclides da Cunha – OInaTV (4/6)
100 anos sem Euclides da Cunha – OInaTV (5/6)
100 anos sem Euclides da Cunha – OInaTV (6/6)
Paixão e Guerra no Sertão de Canudos
Canudos – Video Aula
1823 Support of the province of Pará to the independence of Brazil.
On September 7, 1822, the Portuguese crown prince Dom Pedro declared the independence of Brazil. In 1823, the province of Pará was forced to choose between joining independent Brazil, or a total blockade of its capital Belém. A blocked would fully isolate the city for the rest of Brazil. At present, this day is a much celebrated feast day in the state of Pará.
Dia da Juventude Constitucionalista (Constitutionalist Youth). 23 May 1932 is an important day in Brazilian history. Four students (Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo) were killed in an confrontation with the police in São Paulo. They took part in a protest against the dictatorship of President Getúlio Vargas. The death of the four students ignited a revolt (by approximately 100 thousand people) against the dictatorship. This movement is called the MMDC movement, referring to the first letters of the students’ names. They protested for a new constitutional law. When Vargas frustrated the reform process, a civil war was started. Troops formed from the middle class battled in various Brazilian states, but didn’t managed to gain national support. About six months later, the remaining troops surrendered to the Federal Army. An obelisk in Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo commemorates the ‘Soldados de 32’.
Dia Nacional da Radiodifusão Livre e Comunitária (Free and Public Broadcast). Only since 1982, Brazil has a system of free and public broadcast.
Dia Nacional de Defesa das Florestas Brasileiras (Protection of Brazilian Forests). Despite numerous attempts to protect the forests, deforestation is still going on.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1984 Prix de la FIPRESCI (International Federation of Film Critics Prize) for the Brazilian movie “Memórias do Cárcere”, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, at Cannes
MEMÓRIAS DO CÁRCERE
Trechos do filme Memórias de um Carcere
Memórias do Cárcere (1984)
1962 Golden Palm of Cannes for the Brazilian movie “O pagador de promessas”, directed by Anselmo Duarte.
O PAGADOR DE PROMESSAS
O Pagador de Promessas – Trailer
Filme: O Pagador de Promessas – 1962
1985 Fifteen prisoners died within three months in prisons in Belo Horizonte – MG
The deaths were related to the very bad conditions of the prisons.
1535 Creation of Vila Velha – ES
The city is the oldest in the state of Espírito Santo.
VILA VELHA – ES
Vila Velha Espírito Santo ES Região Sudeste do Brasil – Documentário
Vila Velha – Invista nessa Cidade
Viajando Todo o Brasil – Vila Velha/ES – Especial
Um passeio por Vitória e Vila Velha
1865 Birth of Epitácio Pessoa, former president of Brazil (1919-1922).
Epitácio was born in Umbuzeiro (PB).
1901 Light (electricity company) authorized to install electric illumination in various districts in São Paulo.
1989 Creation of Reserva Biológica (Biological Reserve) do Tinguá, per Federal Decree nº 97.780
2001 Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) de Saint-Hilaire/Lange – PR
2003 Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello appointed as UN representative in Iraq.
2005 Polícia Militar removed barricades at the slums of Morro do Alemão
The barricades had been erected by drug traffickers.
Dia Nacional da Mulher (Brazilian Women’s Day). Lei (law) 6.971/1980 established 30 April as Brazilian Women’s Day. The date is chosen as a homage to Jerônima Mesquita (1880-1972), one of the first leaders of the Brazilian feminist movement. She founded Movimento Bandeirante (Flag Movement) – which encouraged the inclusion of women in the society -, and the Conselho Nacional das Mulheres (National Women’s Council).
Dia da Baixada Fluminense.
Dia do Ferroviário. (Railways). This day commemorates the inauguration of the first railway in Brazil, between the cities of Petrópolis and Rio de Janeiro.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1839 Birth of Marshal Floriano Peixoto, second president of Brazil (1891-1894)
1880 Birth of Jerônima Mesquita, one of the first leaders of the Brazilian feminist movement.
She was a daughter of a wealthy coffee planter family, who had treated their slaves well. Her father became one of the first to liberate his slaves, which eventually gained him the title of baron. Jerônima was able to study, but married at the early age of 17. Two years later she already separated. She continued her mother’s charity activities. During the First World War, she volunteered for the Red Cross in France and Switzerland, Back in Brazil, she co-founded the Brazilian Red Cross. In 1919, Jerônima participated in the foundation of Movimento Bandeirante, a Brazilian feminist movement.
1854 Inauguration, by Dom Pedro I, of the first railway in Brazil: Rio de Janeiro – Petrópolis (RJ), the Estrada de Ferro Mauá.
1625 Capitulation of the first Dutch invasion.
The capitulation was signed at the quarter of Carmo in Bahia.
1948 Creation of the Organization of American States (OAS)
In Portuguese: Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA). Already in 1826, Simon Bolivar suggested to create a league of American republics. The first meeting was with Great Colombia, Peru, the United Provinces of Central America, and Mexico. Eventually, it resulted into the formation of the Pan American Union, which was founded in 1910. The ninth International Conference of American States resulted in the creation of the OAS, and the adoption of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. The following 21 member states met in Bogotá, Colombia, in 1948 to sign the OAS Charter: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, United States of America, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Subsequently, the following 14 member states joined: Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago (1967); Jamaica (1969); Grenada (1975); Suriname (1977); Dominica, Saint Lucia (1979); Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1981); The Bahamas (1982); St. Kitts & Nevis (1984); Canada (1990); Belize and Guyana (1991). The headquarters are in Washington D.C.
1985 Creation of the Ministry of Agrarian Reform and Development
1912 Foundation of América Futebol Clube, Belo Horizonte
1875 Elevation of São Luis do Paraitinga to the status of a city
1531
Arrival of Portuguese discoverer Martín Alonso de Souza at the location, on which city of Rio de Janeiro would be constructed.
1932
Opening of the academic year of the Law Faculty in São Paulo. At Largo São Francisco the tradtional trot: a student parade ridiculed various leaders of the officer’s movement (tenentismo) who supported Getúlio Vargas. Bystanders favored the parade, which became transformed into a political manifestation.
1822 An article written by Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo suggested that D. Pedro I should proclaim the independence of Brazil.
1946
Ban on casinos in Brazil
1981 Bomb explosion at Centro de Convenções (Convention Center) in downtown Rio de Janeiro
