Dia da Campanha do Quilo
(Campaign of the kilo). On 31 July 1938, members of a spiritist society collected nutrients for an orphanage in need in Nazareno. This orphanage had difficulties to pay the rent, and there was no money left to feed the children well. This collection initiative, initiated by journalist Jayme Mattos Vieira, became the start of many Campanhas do Quilo. Initially by spiritist societies (they propagate the idea to share with each other), eventually followed by campaigns by Catholics, protestants, and other religious societies. Prior to Christmas, many cities – among them Belo Horizonte – organize Campanhas do Quilo. Many people respond to this initiative with generous donations of rice, flour, beans, milk, and sugar.
Dia Mundial do Orgasmo
(World Orgasm Day). This sounds exciting, but the Global Orgasm Day is on 22 December (only a few days before Christmas…). The orgasm day on 31 July may better be considered as the National Orgasm Day, which was introduced by British erotica company Anne Summers in 2001. Brazilians have excitingly copied this initiative and is now also considered as their Orgasm Day.
Dia do Outdoor (Billboard). Outdoor, a word imported from English. But with a totally different meaning. Outdoors in Brazil are billboards. In any Brazilian city, and along the highways, many giant billboards try to draw your attention. More and more billboards are illuminated and even electronic billboards are assembled in increasing numbers. Some of these billboards have the size of some dozen of square meters. In the city of São Paulo, no less than twelve thousand billboards were counted. Most billboards are renewed regularly, although a small number is badly maintained and is disturbing the street view. Thanks to their giant dimensions, such billboards are hard to avoid, but they also have the advantage that bystanders don’t need to spend much time to read the message.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1943 Destruction of German submarine U199 by the Brazilian air force.
The attack was performed with an American Mariner, supported by the Brazilian planes Hudson and Catalina. Because Brazil allowed American troops on their soil, and permitted them to start attacks against German and Italian forces from Brazilian bases, German submarines attacked any Brazilian vessel. Many Brazilian vessels were destroyed, many sailors died in these attacks. The U199 even had destroyed a small Brazilian sailing boat with 4 crew members. The U199 was then destroyed, only 12 crew members – among them the commander – and were captured.
1821 Annexation of Cisplatina (what is now Uruguay) to the ‘United Kingdom of Brazil, Portugal, and Algave’
The province was called ‘Província Cisplatina Brasileira’. On 25 August 1825, Cisplatina declared independence under the name Uruguay. Only in 1828, the independence was recognized by Brazil.
1970 Kidnapping of the Brazilian consul in Montevideo – Aloysio Mares Dias Gomides – by the Tupamaros guerrilla movement.
The consul was liberated on 21 February 1971 only, after payment of the ransom of 250 thousand dollars. The movement was named after the Inca revolutionary Túpac Amaru. In the Sixties of the past century, the group started their activities like robbing banks and other institutions and distribute the loot among the poor. In the Seventies, the movement was very active with numerous kidnappings of diplomats. The movement was transformed into a political party after the democratization process in Uruguay in 1985.
TUPAMAROS
Documental Tupamaros
1903 The state hymn of Ceará was played for the first time
HYMN OF CEARÁ
Hino do Estado do Ceará
1932
The city of Palmyra (MG) was renamed into Santos Dumont
SANTOS DUMONT – MG
Cidade de Santos Dumont
1986
Creation of Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (ES) by Lei (law) nº 3.875
2002
São Caetano was beaten by Paraguayan soccer team Olimpia in the Libertadores Cup finals.
SÃO CAETANO – OLIMPIA
OLIMPIA vs Sao Caetano – LAS 2 FINALES Y PENALES
2007
Launch of PAC in Cuiabá (MT) by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Dia do Hino Nacional (Brazilian Hymn). The hymn is one of the four national symbols of Brazil. The other three are the flag, the seal, and the coat of arms. The music was composed by Francisco Manuel da Silva (1795 – 1865) in 1822, and the definitive lyrics by journalist Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada (1870 – 1927) in 1922 .
HINO NACIONAL BRASILEIRO
Hino Nacional Brasileiro legendado em Inglês
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1726
Foundation of the city of Fortaleza, capital of the state of Ceará. Already in 1500, shortly before the landing of Portuguese discoverer Álvares Cabral at what is now Porto Seguro, Spanish discoverer Vicente Yañiz Pinzón probably had landed near what is now Fortaleza. The first fortress was constructed by the Portuguese in 1603, but the history of Fortaleza started with the construction of another fortress, Forte Schoonenborch, by the Dutch in 1649. On 13 April 1726, the settlement gained the status of a vila; hence the anniversary is celebrated on 13 April.
2001 Death of actor and casting director Moacyr Deriquém
1919 Epitácio Pessoa beat Rui Barbosa in the presidential elections
1831 Departure of ex-emperor Dom Pedro I and empress Dona Amelia to Portugal
1831 Brazilian Hymn played for the first time. When played at the time of departure of Dom Pedro I, the hymn had different lyrics:
Os bronzes da tirania
Já no Brasil não rouquejam;
Os monstros que o escravizavam
Já entre nós não vicejam.
(estribilho)
Da Pátria o grito
Eis que se desata
Desde o Amazonas
Até o Prata
Ferrões e grilhões e forcas
D’antemão se preparavam;
Mil planos de proscrição
As mãos dos monstros gizavam
1917 Confiscation of German vessels that were anchored at Brazilian ports.
1980 Lightning struck an airplane above Brazil, resulting in the death of 54 people.
1998 The ten kidnappers who were involved in the sequestration of entrepreneur Abílio Diniz started their hunger strike.
They demanded to be expelled from Brazil, and that the only Brazilian among them should be freed. The foreigners were expelled in 1999 to their home countries, and the Brazilian was transferred to the state of Ceará, where he was conditionally released.
ABÍLIO DINIZ
De volta ao sequestro de Abílio Diniz…
1964 Issue of the decree that ordered the intervention at the Universidade de Brasília.
2002 Announcement by Roseana Sarney that she withdrew her candidacy for the Brazilian presidential elections
2003 Start of telecom company Vivo, as a result of a joint venture of six mobile telephone providers.
The six operators (Telesp Celular Participações, Tele Leste Celular Participações, Tele Sudeste Celular Participações, Celular CRT Participações, Norte Brasil Telecom, Global Telecom and Telemig Celular Participações) created a joint venture to the largest provider in Southern America. Both Telefonica (Spain) and Portugal Telecom owned equal parts of the joint venture. In 2010, Telefonica bought the Portugal Telecom shares.
Dia da Campanha do Quilo
(Campaign of the kilo). On 31 July 1938, members of a spiritist society collected nutrients for an orphanage in need in Nazareno. This orphanage had difficulties to pay the rent, and there was no money left to feed the children well. This collection initiative, initiated by journalist Jayme Mattos Vieira, became the start of many Campanhas do Quilo. Initially by spiritist societies (they propagate the idea to share with each other), eventually followed by campaigns by Catholics, protestants, and other religious societies. Prior to Christmas, many cities – among them Belo Horizonte – organize Campanhas do Quilo. Many people respond to this initiative with generous donations of rice, flour, beans, milk, and sugar.
Dia Mundial do Orgasmo
(World Orgasm Day). This sounds exciting, but the Global Orgasm Day is on 22 December (only a few days before Christmas…). The orgasm day on 31 July may better be considered as the National Orgasm Day, which was introduced by British erotica company Anne Summers in 2001. Brazilians have excitingly copied this initiative and is now also considered as their Orgasm Day.
Dia do Outdoor (Billboard). Outdoor, a word imported from English. But with a totally different meaning. Outdoors in Brazil are billboards. In any Brazilian city, and along the highways, many giant billboards try to draw your attention. More and more billboards are illuminated and even electronic billboards are assembled in increasing numbers. Some of these billboards have the size of some dozen of square meters. In the city of São Paulo, no less than twelve thousand billboards were counted. Most billboards are renewed regularly, although a small number is badly maintained and is disturbing the street view. Thanks to their giant dimensions, such billboards are hard to avoid, but they also have the advantage that bystanders don’t need to spend much time to read the message.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1943 Destruction of German submarine U199 by the Brazilian air force.
The attack was performed with an American Mariner, supported by the Brazilian planes Hudson and Catalina. Because Brazil allowed American troops on their soil, and permitted them to start attacks against German and Italian forces from Brazilian bases, German submarines attacked any Brazilian vessel. Many Brazilian vessels were destroyed, many sailors died in these attacks. The U199 even had destroyed a small Brazilian sailing boat with 4 crew members. The U199 was then destroyed, only 12 crew members – among them the commander – and were captured.
1821 Annexation of Cisplatina (what is now Uruguay) to the ‘United Kingdom of Brazil, Portugal, and Algave’
The province was called ‘Província Cisplatina Brasileira’. On 25 August 1825, Cisplatina declared independence under the name Uruguay. Only in 1828, the independence was recognized by Brazil.
1970 Kidnapping of the Brazilian consul in Montevideo – Aloysio Mares Dias Gomides – by the Tupamaros guerrilla movement.
The consul was liberated on 21 February 1971 only, after payment of the ransom of 250 thousand dollars. The movement was named after the Inca revolutionary Túpac Amaru. In the Sixties of the past century, the group started their activities like robbing banks and other institutions and distribute the loot among the poor. In the Seventies, the movement was very active with numerous kidnappings of diplomats. The movement was transformed into a political party after the democratization process in Uruguay in 1985.
TUPAMAROS
Documental Tupamaros
1903 The state hymn of Ceará was played for the first time
HYMN OF CEARÁ
Hino do Estado do Ceará
1932
The city of Palmyra (MG) was renamed into Santos Dumont
SANTOS DUMONT – MG
Cidade de Santos Dumont
1986
Creation of Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (ES) by Lei (law) nº 3.875
2002
São Caetano was beaten by Paraguayan soccer team Olimpia in the Libertadores Cup finals.
SÃO CAETANO – OLIMPIA
OLIMPIA vs Sao Caetano – LAS 2 FINALES Y PENALES
2007
Launch of PAC in Cuiabá (MT) by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
A personal selection of photographs with their stories.
196. Canoa Quebrada
JANUARY 2008: Canoa Quebrada
Canoa Quebrada, a paradisaical beach resort at about 160 km from Fortaleza, state of Ceará, is known for its orange-red to reddish brown falésias (sandstone cliffs). From the azure waters of the Atlantic Ocean, these colorful cliffs form a wonderful composition with the blue sky and the azure blue ocean water. From the beach, so-called jangadas (flat-bottomed boats) are available for a short cruise. One can also take a dip (with life jacket) in the warm ocean water. Jangadas are part of Brazilian history: at the time of the end of slavery in Brazil, the leader of the jangada sailors – Chico da Matilde, known as “Dragão do Mar” – and his colleagues no longer accepted slave transports. This was the beginning of the total abolition of slavery in Ceará, and in Brazil.
A personal selection of photographs with their stories.
190. Stars
JANUARY 2008: Stars
Once a calm fishing village, at present Canoa Quebrada has grown to a tourist attraction in the state of Ceará. The town was “discovered” by French filmmakers and hippies in the sixties and seventies of the last century. Not much later, the first tourists arrived, and the first accommodations appeared. Nowadays, many tourists pay a visit to Canoa Quebrada, not only for its natural beauty but also for its sparkling nightlife. The beaches of Canoa are bordered by high sand cliffs (falésias) with their bright orange, red and brown hues. Especially at sunrise and at sunset, these colorful cliffs offer spectacular contrasts with the bluish hues of the Atlantic Ocean. In the evening and at night, tourists enjoy a large number of restaurants, bars, and nightclubs. The principal street is named Broadway. At day, I noticed this starred street, apparently the local Walk of Fame.
A personal selection of photographs with their stories.
185. Bridge
JANUARY 2008: Bridge
It was a long and adventurous bus trip from Belo Horizonte to Fortaleza, capital of the state Ceará. On the way to Fortaleza, which lasted no less than four days, we visited the beach resorts of Porto de Galinhas, Praia de Pipa, and Canoa Quebrada. The return trip was much shorter, only two days. From the capital, the highway across the arid landscape of the state of Ceará was followed. The bus drivers insisted to leave early in the morning, in order to reach the border with the state of Pernambuco before sunset. The highway Ceará was known to have frequent raids happening, especially at night. It was very hot that day, we had put all the windows wide open for some ventilation. The landscape was surprisingly interesting and varied, and I shot hundreds of photos of it. The sun was about to set, when we finally reached the São Francisco River that formed the border with Pernambuco. There was a bridge under construction, but the bus was – like the cars and even trucks – transported by ferry across the wide river. We had to wait patiently for the arrival of the ferry, before we could continue our way home.
A personal selection of photographs with their stories.
171. Sunrise
JANUARY 2008: Sunrise
It was at dawn, when we arrived in Canoa Quebrada by bus. We were en route from Belo Horizonte, on the way to Fortaleza, and already had stayed at the famous beach resorts of Porto de Galinhas and Praia de Pipa. The distance between Praia de Pipa and Canoa Quebrada is relatively short, and therefore we could enjoy a special and colorful sunrise in the former fishing village. The first sun rays from the east caused a pale pink hue in the slightly clouded sky, while the sand cliffs gradually gained their reddish brown color. The ocean water was grayish blue mixed with pink from the sky reflected on the water surface. Despite the very early hour, a little after five o’clock, and despite our sleepiness, we all enjoyed this pink sunrise. A good start for a warm and sunny day.
A personal selection of photographs with their stories.
167. Paragliding
JANUARY 2008: Paragliding
In January 2008, I participated in a special bus trip from Belo Horizonte to Fortaleza. A unique adventure of spending five days on the bus, thereby visiting the beaches of Porto de Galinhas, Pipa, and Canoa Quebrada. Canoa Quebrada – once a small fishing village – is a very popular beach location in the state of Ceará. The village with colorful sand cliff coasts at the Atlantic Ocean was ‘discovered’ several decades ago by French filmmakers, and by hippies, and it has become an attractive beach resort with plenty of entertainment. When we had spent the evening prior to the final stage to Fortaleza, we visited a traditional bar with Brazilian music, followed by a visit of a nightclub with electronic music, and a bar with reggae music. During the day there was also much to do and to see: we regularly noticed brightly colored buggies driving around, and occasionally a para-glider circling over our heads. The shape of the parachute and the silhouettes of the two dangling below looked strikingly similar to the symbols of Canoa Quebrada: the crescent moon and the star.
Inside Brazil 