Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

---

1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

---

1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

---

1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (253): September 10

Brazilian Days 253

September 10

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Imprensa

(Printed press). Until 1999, this day was to commemorate the first issue of the first Brazilian newspaper, in 1808. (see below). Now the Dia da Imprensa on 1 June.

 
From 10 September to 1 June

PRESS

Homenagem ao Dia da Imprensa

---

Dia Nacional do Jornalismo

(Journalism). The Dia do Jornalista (Journalist) is on April 7.

---

Dia Nacional do Jornal na Educação

(Educational Newspaper).

---

Dia do Gordo

(‘Fat’ people). Quite a weird day, to pay attention to fat people. But this day also may be considered as a day, to forget your diet, to eat without limits.

DIA DO GORDO

VIVA O GORDO – Jô e Os Trapalhões (1987)

O Gordo e o Magro – Nostalgia

---

Dia Nacional da Seresta

(Seresta). This day is not about a tranquilizer, but about a music style within the Brazilian Popular Music (MPB). Seresta is not originally Brazilian, but has the roots in Medieval Europe, where traveling minstrels sung and played their serenades. Serestas were quite common on the Iberic peninsula. Most serestas are about love, and sometimes may be satirical.

During the first two centuries of the colonization of Brazil, various music styles were imported: religious music, Indian ritual music, African tribal music, and European folk music, including the seresta. The latter three formed a unique mix of seresta with Indian wind instruments, and African percussion instruments: the birth of the Brazilian serenade. Musician Xisto Bahia (1841-1894) was the pioneer of Seresta.

 

Web page containing links to videos with Seresta shows

SERESTA
Nelson Gonçalves. Silêncio da Seresta	Seresta Moderna – Nelson Gonçalves
Numa Seresta – Paulinho da Viola	XISTO BAHIA (Primeira música gravada no Brasil)
”Seresta”, por Murilo Alvarenga (31/05/2012)	Seresta 2
Diamantina MG – 1980

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1808
First edition of the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, the first newspaper printed in Brazil.

In colonial Brazil, there was a ban on printing books and newspapers. Motherland Portugal was very afraid that the distribution of pamphlets with subversive content could turn the Brazilians against Portugal. With the arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808, the ban was lifted. Although the printed press was censured by employees appointed by the Portuguese Court. At present, a great number of newspapers are printed in Brazil. Among them the four major national newspapers: Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo, from São Paulo; O Globo and Jornal do Brasil, from Rio de Janeiro. The major regional newspapers are: Zero Hora, from Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul), O Estado de Minas, from Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), and with a smaller edition: A Tarde, from Salvador (Bahia), Jornal do Comércio, from Recife (Pernambuco), and Gazeta do Povo, from Curitiba (Paraná).

GAZETA DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro

---

1972
Emerson Fittipaldi (1946) became the first Brazilian Formula One world champion.

Emerson won with his Lotus Bolide the decisive race at the racing circuit of Monza, Italy. Emerson would become world champion again in 1974, now with McLaren. In 1980, Emerson left the Formula One and continued his racing career in the Indy class. He became two times world champion in this class, and he won the famous Indy-500 of Indianapolis twice.

 

EMERSON FITTIPALDI
Italian GP 1972	Classic F1 – Monza 1972 – Emerson Fittipaldi World Champion

---

1837
Bento Gonçalves da Silva (1788-1847), leader of the Farroupilhas during the Farroupilha Revolution, escaped from a Bahian prison.

Already at a young age, Bento excelled during the battles in the south of Brazil. In 1834, Bento was accused of resisting activities against the Brazilian government, but he was acquitted. In 1835, the Farroupilha Revolution started, the independence of the republic of Rio Grande do Sul – with the name Piratini – was proclaimed in 1836. However, Bento was captured during the Battle of Fanfa, and deported to Bahia. Meanwhile, he was appointed president of the new republic. With the help of Freemasons, Bento managed to escape from his prison, and resumed the command of the rebels. In 1845, the republic ceased to exist, and Duque de Caxias became president of Rio Grande do Sul. Rehabilitation of Bento followed at a later time.

BENTO GONÇALVES

Bento Gonçalves – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (042): February 11

Brazilian Days 042 

February 11

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Zelador

(Caretaker).

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1630
Start of the Dutch occupation in Brazil

---

1883
Inauguration of local telephone service in Fortaleza (CE)

---

1894
Federalist rebels beat the defenders of the city of Lapa (RR) after 26 days of fighting.

---

1917
Death of scientist and physician Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz (1872-1917).

---

1942
Recognition of União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE: Brazilian Student Union) by President Vargas.

---

1956
Mutiny of soldiers in Jacareacanga

The rebellion ended with the imprisonment of major Velloso on 29 February.

---

1973
Emerson Fittipaldi won first Brazilian GP Formula One, which was organized at Interlagos (SP).

  

 

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (346): December 12

Brazilian Days 346

December 12

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Anniversary of Belo Horizonte (MG)

When engineers projected a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais, at the end of the 19th century, they wanted to create a viable city free from diseases and revolutions. They were inspired upon the modern cities of Paris and Washington. The planned city was divided into three zones: a central urban zone, surrounded by an suburban zone and the rural zone. The center was planned with straight, wide avenues and received all essential facilities: transport, education, sanitation and medical assistance. The original city was limited by a circular avenue, which was called Avenida 17 de Dezembro, now better known as Avenida do Contorno, which now limits the actual center of Belo Horizonte.
The suburban area was characterized by irregular streets and was thought to be populated at a much later stage, and therefore didn’t receive the urban infrastructure. The rural area was thought to be populated by five rural colonies with a large number of farms, and was thought to function as a green belt around the city.
The original inhabitants were rapidly removed from the urban zone and were offered houses that were much more expensive. They had no other option than to move far from the city limits. The urban center was exclusively reserved for government employees, whereas construction workers were blocked to live there. They moved to the suburban zone where the first favelas were erected. At the time of the inauguration of Belo Horizonte, the city itself was still under full construction.

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1877
Death of writer José de Alencar

    

---

1962
Death of writer Pagu

 

    

---

1807
Birth of admiral Tamandaré (1807)

    

---

1897
Foundation of the city of Belo Horizonte (MG)

Already in 1701, bandeirante (pioneer) João Leite da Silva Ortiz arrived in the Serra (mountainous region) of Congonhas. In the search for gold, he and his companions encountered an area with beautiful views, with a moderate climate and with arable land. João decided to stay there, and he constructed his Fazenda do Cercado, with some crops and cattle. His prosperous fazenda caught attention and soon more adventurers arrived in this region. The settlement was named Curral del Rei, while the Serra de Congonhas was renamed into Serra do Curral. Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem (Our Lady of Good Travel) was chosen as patron saint. Curral del Rei expanded gradually. When mining activities were started, the village expanded quickly: from a number of 40 families to more than 18 thousand people. A new church was built: Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem. The prosperous mining era had a short life. Various regions of Curral del Rei became autonomous, and the population dropped rapidly. With the fall of the Brazilian Empire, republicans in Curral del Rei proposed to have the name changed into Belo Horizonte. With the announcement of the construction a a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais, the villagers started a big party that lasted three days. They were dreaming of the modernization of their village, but soon they realized that the new capital had become a nightmare for them: there was no space for the original inhabitants of Curral del Rei, they were forced to move out of the construction area, and had to move to locations far from the construction site. On these locations favelas emerged.

  

  

---

1897
Transfer of the capital of Minas Gerais, from Ouro Preto to Cidade de Minas (now Belo Horizonte)

The discussion of a new capital of the state of Minas Gerais already had started in 1789, when the inconfidentes (conspiracy leaders) were planning to transfer the capital from Ouro Preto (symbol of colonialism) to São João del Rei. There were four more attempts for a transfer to the capital, but all failed. Only after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, in 1889, another attempt was made. This time, the transfer should not have taken place to another existing city, but to a new city, to be constructed. In 1891, a decree issued by governor Augusto de Lima, stated that a new capital should meet hygienic needs. On 17 December 1893, a law was added to the state constitutional law that the new government seat should be created in Belo Horizonte. Within the time limit of four years, the new city was constructed, under the supervision of Aarão Reis.

    

---

1946
Birth of F1 driver Emerson Fittipaldi.

  

---

1994 – Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) declared former president Fernando Collor de Mello not guilty of the accusations of corruption that led to his step-down in 1992.

    

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

---

1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

---

1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

---

1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (253): September 10

Brazilian Days 253

September 10

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Imprensa

(Printed press). Until 1999, this day was to commemorate the first issue of the first Brazilian newspaper, in 1808. (see below). Now the Dia da Imprensa on 1 June.

 
From 10 September to 1 June

PRESS

Homenagem ao Dia da Imprensa

---

Dia Nacional do Jornalismo

(Journalism). The Dia do Jornalista (Journalist) is on April 7.

---

Dia Nacional do Jornal na Educação

(Educational Newspaper).

---

Dia do Gordo

(‘Fat’ people). Quite a weird day, to pay attention to fat people. But this day also may be considered as a day, to forget your diet, to eat without limits.

DIA DO GORDO

VIVA O GORDO – Jô e Os Trapalhões (1987)

O Gordo e o Magro – Nostalgia

---

Dia Nacional da Seresta

(Seresta). This day is not about a tranquilizer, but about a music style within the Brazilian Popular Music (MPB). Seresta is not originally Brazilian, but has the roots in Medieval Europe, where traveling minstrels sung and played their serenades. Serestas were quite common on the Iberic peninsula. Most serestas are about love, and sometimes may be satirical.

During the first two centuries of the colonization of Brazil, various music styles were imported: religious music, Indian ritual music, African tribal music, and European folk music, including the seresta. The latter three formed a unique mix of seresta with Indian wind instruments, and African percussion instruments: the birth of the Brazilian serenade. Musician Xisto Bahia (1841-1894) was the pioneer of Seresta.

 

Web page containing links to videos with Seresta shows

SERESTA
Nelson Gonçalves. Silêncio da Seresta	Seresta Moderna – Nelson Gonçalves
Numa Seresta – Paulinho da Viola	XISTO BAHIA (Primeira música gravada no Brasil)
”Seresta”, por Murilo Alvarenga (31/05/2012)	Seresta 2
Diamantina MG – 1980

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1808
First edition of the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, the first newspaper printed in Brazil.

In colonial Brazil, there was a ban on printing books and newspapers. Motherland Portugal was very afraid that the distribution of pamphlets with subversive content could turn the Brazilians against Portugal. With the arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808, the ban was lifted. Although the printed press was censured by employees appointed by the Portuguese Court. At present, a great number of newspapers are printed in Brazil. Among them the four major national newspapers: Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo, from São Paulo; O Globo and Jornal do Brasil, from Rio de Janeiro. The major regional newspapers are: Zero Hora, from Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul), O Estado de Minas, from Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), and with a smaller edition: A Tarde, from Salvador (Bahia), Jornal do Comércio, from Recife (Pernambuco), and Gazeta do Povo, from Curitiba (Paraná).

GAZETA DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro

---

1972
Emerson Fittipaldi (1946) became the first Brazilian Formula One world champion.

Emerson won with his Lotus Bolide the decisive race at the racing circuit of Monza, Italy. Emerson would become world champion again in 1974, now with McLaren. In 1980, Emerson left the Formula One and continued his racing career in the Indy class. He became two times world champion in this class, and he won the famous Indy-500 of Indianapolis twice.

 

EMERSON FITTIPALDI
Italian GP 1972	Classic F1 – Monza 1972 – Emerson Fittipaldi World Champion

---

1837
Bento Gonçalves da Silva (1788-1847), leader of the Farroupilhas during the Farroupilha Revolution, escaped from a Bahian prison.

Already at a young age, Bento excelled during the battles in the south of Brazil. In 1834, Bento was accused of resisting activities against the Brazilian government, but he was acquitted. In 1835, the Farroupilha Revolution started, the independence of the republic of Rio Grande do Sul – with the name Piratini – was proclaimed in 1836. However, Bento was captured during the Battle of Fanfa, and deported to Bahia. Meanwhile, he was appointed president of the new republic. With the help of Freemasons, Bento managed to escape from his prison, and resumed the command of the rebels. In 1845, the republic ceased to exist, and Duque de Caxias became president of Rio Grande do Sul. Rehabilitation of Bento followed at a later time.

BENTO GONÇALVES

Bento Gonçalves – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (366): February 29

Brazilian Days 366 

February 29

   

---

DAY OF:

---

>> UNDER CONSTRUCTION <<

Dia extra do ano Bisexto
(Extra day in a leap year)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1856
Death of composer Domingos Moçurunga 

---

1996
Emerson Fittipaldi and Al Unser Jr. commanded the famous Harley Davidson motor parade in Miami (USA)

---

1832
Arrival of Charles Darwin in Bahia

---

2004
Swimmer attacked and killed by shark at Praia de Piedade (PE)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

Dag van de:

Dia extra do ano Bisexto

Braziliaanse Historie:

Morte do compositor brasileiro Domingos Moçurunga (1856)
Emerson Fittipaldi e Al Unser Jr. comandam a mais famosa caravana de motos Harley Davidson em Miami (1996)
Missão de Constituição, Justiça e Cidadania aprova Código de Defesa do Contribuinte (2000)
1832 Charles Darwin chega à Bahia
2004 Banhista é atacado e morto por tubarão na Praia de Piedade – PE

---

Other days in February:

Other months:

.

Brazilian Days (346): December 12

Brazilian Days 346

December 12

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Anniversary of Belo Horizonte (MG)

When engineers projected a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais, at the end of the 19th century, they wanted to create a viable city free from diseases and revolutions. They were inspired upon the modern cities of Paris and Washington. The planned city was divided into three zones: a central urban zone, surrounded by an suburban zone and the rural zone. The center was planned with straight, wide avenues and received all essential facilities: transport, education, sanitation and medical assistance. The original city was limited by a circular avenue, which was called Avenida 17 de Dezembro, now better known as Avenida do Contorno, which now limits the actual center of Belo Horizonte.
The suburban area was characterized by irregular streets and was thought to be populated at a much later stage, and therefore didn’t receive the urban infrastructure. The rural area was thought to be populated by five rural colonies with a large number of farms, and was thought to function as a green belt around the city.
The original inhabitants were rapidly removed from the urban zone and were offered houses that were much more expensive. They had no other option than to move far from the city limits. The urban center was exclusively reserved for government employees, whereas construction workers were blocked to live there. They moved to the suburban zone where the first favelas were erected. At the time of the inauguration of Belo Horizonte, the city itself was still under full construction.

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1877
Death of writer José de Alencar

    

---

1962
Death of writer Pagu

 

    

---

1807
Birth of admiral Tamandaré (1807)

    

---

1897
Foundation of the city of Belo Horizonte (MG)

Already in 1701, bandeirante (pioneer) João Leite da Silva Ortiz arrived in the Serra (mountainous region) of Congonhas. In the search for gold, he and his companions encountered an area with beautiful views, with a moderate climate and with arable land. João decided to stay there, and he constructed his Fazenda do Cercado, with some crops and cattle. His prosperous fazenda caught attention and soon more adventurers arrived in this region. The settlement was named Curral del Rei, while the Serra de Congonhas was renamed into Serra do Curral. Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem (Our Lady of Good Travel) was chosen as patron saint. Curral del Rei expanded gradually. When mining activities were started, the village expanded quickly: from a number of 40 families to more than 18 thousand people. A new church was built: Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Boa Viagem. The prosperous mining era had a short life. Various regions of Curral del Rei became autonomous, and the population dropped rapidly. With the fall of the Brazilian Empire, republicans in Curral del Rei proposed to have the name changed into Belo Horizonte. With the announcement of the construction a a new capital for the state of Minas Gerais, the villagers started a big party that lasted three days. They were dreaming of the modernization of their village, but soon they realized that the new capital had become a nightmare for them: there was no space for the original inhabitants of Curral del Rei, they were forced to move out of the construction area, and had to move to locations far from the construction site. On these locations favelas emerged.

  

  

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1897
Transfer of the capital of Minas Gerais, from Ouro Preto to Cidade de Minas (now Belo Horizonte)

The discussion of a new capital of the state of Minas Gerais already had started in 1789, when the inconfidentes (conspiracy leaders) were planning to transfer the capital from Ouro Preto (symbol of colonialism) to São João del Rei. There were four more attempts for a transfer to the capital, but all failed. Only after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, in 1889, another attempt was made. This time, the transfer should not have taken place to another existing city, but to a new city, to be constructed. In 1891, a decree issued by governor Augusto de Lima, stated that a new capital should meet hygienic needs. On 17 December 1893, a law was added to the state constitutional law that the new government seat should be created in Belo Horizonte. Within the time limit of four years, the new city was constructed, under the supervision of Aarão Reis.

    

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1946
Birth of F1 driver Emerson Fittipaldi.

  

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1994 – Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) declared former president Fernando Collor de Mello not guilty of the accusations of corruption that led to his step-down in 1992.

    

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

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1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

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1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

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1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (253): September 10

Brazilian Days 253

September 10

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Imprensa

(Printed press). Until 1999, this day was to commemorate the first issue of the first Brazilian newspaper, in 1808. (see below). Now the Dia da Imprensa on 1 June.

 
From 10 September to 1 June

PRESS

Homenagem ao Dia da Imprensa

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Dia Nacional do Jornalismo

(Journalism). The Dia do Jornalista (Journalist) is on April 7.

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Dia Nacional do Jornal na Educação

(Educational Newspaper).

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Dia do Gordo

(‘Fat’ people). Quite a weird day, to pay attention to fat people. But this day also may be considered as a day, to forget your diet, to eat without limits.

DIA DO GORDO

VIVA O GORDO – Jô e Os Trapalhões (1987)

O Gordo e o Magro – Nostalgia

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Dia Nacional da Seresta

(Seresta). This day is not about a tranquilizer, but about a music style within the Brazilian Popular Music (MPB). Seresta is not originally Brazilian, but has the roots in Medieval Europe, where traveling minstrels sung and played their serenades. Serestas were quite common on the Iberic peninsula. Most serestas are about love, and sometimes may be satirical.

During the first two centuries of the colonization of Brazil, various music styles were imported: religious music, Indian ritual music, African tribal music, and European folk music, including the seresta. The latter three formed a unique mix of seresta with Indian wind instruments, and African percussion instruments: the birth of the Brazilian serenade. Musician Xisto Bahia (1841-1894) was the pioneer of Seresta.

 

Web page containing links to videos with Seresta shows

SERESTA
Nelson Gonçalves. Silêncio da Seresta	Seresta Moderna – Nelson Gonçalves
Numa Seresta – Paulinho da Viola	XISTO BAHIA (Primeira música gravada no Brasil)
”Seresta”, por Murilo Alvarenga (31/05/2012)	Seresta 2
Diamantina MG – 1980

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1808
First edition of the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, the first newspaper printed in Brazil.

In colonial Brazil, there was a ban on printing books and newspapers. Motherland Portugal was very afraid that the distribution of pamphlets with subversive content could turn the Brazilians against Portugal. With the arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family in 1808, the ban was lifted. Although the printed press was censured by employees appointed by the Portuguese Court. At present, a great number of newspapers are printed in Brazil. Among them the four major national newspapers: Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo, from São Paulo; O Globo and Jornal do Brasil, from Rio de Janeiro. The major regional newspapers are: Zero Hora, from Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul), O Estado de Minas, from Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), and with a smaller edition: A Tarde, from Salvador (Bahia), Jornal do Comércio, from Recife (Pernambuco), and Gazeta do Povo, from Curitiba (Paraná).

GAZETA DO RIO DE JANEIRO

Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro

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1972
Emerson Fittipaldi (1946) became the first Brazilian Formula One world champion.

Emerson won with his Lotus Bolide the decisive race at the racing circuit of Monza, Italy. Emerson would become world champion again in 1974, now with McLaren. In 1980, Emerson left the Formula One and continued his racing career in the Indy class. He became two times world champion in this class, and he won the famous Indy-500 of Indianapolis twice.

 

EMERSON FITTIPALDI
Italian GP 1972	Classic F1 – Monza 1972 – Emerson Fittipaldi World Champion

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1837
Bento Gonçalves da Silva (1788-1847), leader of the Farroupilhas during the Farroupilha Revolution, escaped from a Bahian prison.

Already at a young age, Bento excelled during the battles in the south of Brazil. In 1834, Bento was accused of resisting activities against the Brazilian government, but he was acquitted. In 1835, the Farroupilha Revolution started, the independence of the republic of Rio Grande do Sul – with the name Piratini – was proclaimed in 1836. However, Bento was captured during the Battle of Fanfa, and deported to Bahia. Meanwhile, he was appointed president of the new republic. With the help of Freemasons, Bento managed to escape from his prison, and resumed the command of the rebels. In 1845, the republic ceased to exist, and Duque de Caxias became president of Rio Grande do Sul. Rehabilitation of Bento followed at a later time.

BENTO GONÇALVES

Bento Gonçalves – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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