(Grandfather). In Brazil, the grandparent’s day was celebrated on 26 July, the feast day of the saints Ana and Joaquim, parents of Maria, grandparents of Jesus. Some sources mention 26 July as Dia da Vovó (grandmother) and 24 November as Dia do Vovô (grandfather).
Dia Nacional dos Rios
(Rivers).
Dia do Quadro Auxiliar de Oficiais
(Officers’ Support Unit). This army unit was created per presidential decree (84.333) on 20 December 1979. Antônio João Ribeiro had been chosen as patron of this army unit. Lieutenant Antônio João Ribeiro, born on 23 November 1823, was leading a small reconnaissance unit of 15 soldiers, in order to gather information of the advancing Paraguayan invasion army, at the start of the Paraguayan War. He ordered to have the civilians evacuated and fought against the invaders until his death on 29 December 1964. His famous words were:
Sei que morro, mas meu sangue e o dos meus companheiros servirá de protesto solene contra a invasão do solo de minha Pátria. I know that I’ll die, but my blood and that of my comrades will serve as a solemn protest against the invasion of my motherland.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1631 Olinda (PE) set on fire by Dutch invaders.
1825 Departure of Dom Pedro I to participate in the Platina War, in Uruguay.
1861 Birth of poet João Cruz e Sousa.
1935 Soldiers of the ANL (Aliança Nacional Libertadora) seized power in Recife during the Intentona Comunista (Communist Conspiracy),
Intentona Comunista, also known as Revolta Vermelha de 35 (the 1935 Red Uprising) or Levante Comunista (Comunist Uprising), started in November 1935 with a coup attempt against President Getúlio Vargas. The uprising started in Natal, extended to Recife, and ended in Rio de Janeiro. The ANL, led by Luis Carlos Prestes, gained little support from the people and the army. The rebels were defeated, and as a result the state of siege was declared by Vargas at the end of 1935. He managed to strengthen his power and remained in office until 1945
1937 Federal intervention in all Brazilian states – except Minas Gerais – per decree by president Getúlio Vargas.
(Armistice Day). Today, the end of the First World War (1914-1918) is commemorated. Brazil was not directly involved in this global war. There were large colonies of German migrants in Southern Brazil, and the Brazilian minister of Foreign Affairs – Lauro Muller- had German roots. However, German aggression also hit Brazil: off the French coast, the vessel ‘Paraná’ was torpedoed (5 April 1917). In Rio de Janeiro, German trade houses were invaded, and one week later, the German consul was forced to leave Brazil. On 26 October 1917, after the resignation of Muller, Brazil declared war to Germany. A Brazilian expedition force was organized, but at the time of the start of the expedition mission, the armistice was signed. The plan was to send the expedition force to Mesopotamia, because of the climate. Nevertheless, some missions were sent, and some soldiers were involved in a number of battles.
President Brás signed the Declaration of War source
Dia do Diretor de Escola
(School director). This day is on 11 or 12 November? Some research on the internet did not provide a clear answer. Even government sites show both dates. The school director, therefore, receives attention on both days.
Indeed: in Brazil, one may enter some course to become school director. source
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1955
Deposition of President Carlos Luz by a military coup
Only three days earlier, Carlos Coimbra Luz (1894-1961), was installed as President. As head of the Chamber of Deputies, he was the next in line of succession. President João Café Filho decided, after more than one year (succeeding President Getúlio Vargas, after his suicide in 1954) to step down. On 11 November, Minister of Defense (Teixeira Lott), backed by the army, deposed Carlos Luz, since they feared that Carlos would not step down to make place for his elected successor: Juscelino Kubitschek. The military leaders put forward the chairman of the Senate, Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (1888-1958), as interim-president. Ramos stayed in office until 31 January 1956, when Kubitschek was installed as his successor.
source
The five Brazilian presidents between 1954 and 1956
from left to right: Vargas, Café Filho, Luz, Ramos, Kubitschek
1904 Start of the Vaccination Revolt in Rio de Janeiro.
Early 20th century, Rio de Janeiro was a dirty city. Many people, mainly migrants, died because of yellow fever, tuberculosis, and plague. President Francisco de Paulo Rodrigues Alves wanted to end this miserable situation. He called the expert assistance of Oswaldo Cruz, in order to improve the hygienic circumstances. Rio had undergone a recent metamorphosis: traditional dwellings were demolished in order to create space fro wide boulevards and small flats. Oswald worked thoroughly. Rat fighting teams were sent, and people were urge to remove garbage from the streets. In order to battle yellow fever, a legally mandatory vaccination program was introduced. The people did not see the effectiveness of the vaccination; rumors about the negative effects were spread around. They started revolts that lasted for a week, in Rio. Throughout the city, barricades were set up, and large groups were fighting with the police. As a result, about thirty people died in these clashes, and more than one hundred wounded, and one thousand captured. More than half of the captured were deported to Acre, near the Bolivian border, in order to work there. One a few returned afterwards.
(Wheat). Wheat was the first crop that was grown by man. Wheat also gained religious status, by offering it to the God(s) in various religions. Wheat already was ground before the Greek era; the Greek and Romans improved grounding techniques. In 1534, wheat was imported in Brazil by the Portuguese. The expedition of Martim Afonso da Souza brought wheat grains to land, where they were first sown in the capitania of São Vicente.
Dia do Ruralismo
(Rural life).
Dia da Nota Fiscal
(Receipt). In Brazil, you need to receive a nota fiscal for every transaction or service. This receipt is also essential for the calculation of the taxes. Even a simple supermarket receipt contains separate tax percentages of all products. Since 2004, the Brazilian Ministry of Treasury stimulates the electronic version: Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e). On their web site one may read how many electronic receipts have been authorized (5.7 billion on 9 November 2012)
1555 Arrival of the French expedition in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro.
ankomst van het Franse eskader, onder het commando van Nicolau Durand de Villegaignon, in de Baai van Guanabara. This expedition force was commanded by Nicolau Durand de Villegaignon. The location of future Rio de Janeiro was occupied by the French, who founded their colony French Antarctica. The settlement on Ilha de Serigipe was renamed into Henriville, honoring French king Henri III. Two years later, more French would arrive. Eventually, the French were ousted from Rio de Janeiro. It occurred in 1560, by the Portuguese forces, commanded by MEm de Sá.
“Na ilhota de 100 léguas ou 30 mil metros quadrados, Villegaignon aportara em 10 de novembro de 1555 com duas naus, 140 homens, nenhuma mulher e um sonho: criar uma extensão tropical da França na Guanabara, seio do mar , na língua dos tamoios, indios moradores dali. Conseguiu. Os franceses, a maioria prisioneiros arrebanhados nas masmorras de Paris, se aliaram aos nativos. Juntos, construíram 19 casinhas de sapê com telhados de palha e duas pequenas fortalezas sobre os dois únicos montes de pedra da ilha.” source
1864 Imperial vessel ‘Marquês de Olinda’ boarded by Paraguayan troops.
The crew was captured. This action, ordered by the Paraguayan government, headed by dictator Francisco Solano Lopez, became the start of the war of triple Alliance (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) against Paraguay. In 1870, following the death of the dictator, Paraguay surrendered. The small country suffered significantly during the war.
1937 Installation of Getúlio Vargas as president of the Third Brazilian Republic, the Novo Estado.
Getúlio was the leader of the Revolution in 1930, which helped him in power. In 1937, Getúlio accepted the presidency. He then dismantled the Congresso Nacional (Brazilian Congress). The dictatorial era of Vargas would last until 1945.
1937
Announcement of the Third Republican Constitutional Law in Brazil.
(Forest guard, park ranger). Today is the feast day of St. Hubertus, patron saint of the forest workers and hunters. On a Good Friday, St. Hubertus saw a crucifix between the antlers of a stag and heard a voice saying that he had to go to Maastricht (the Netherlands). He continued his life as a bishop in Liege (Belgium). In Brazil, there is a special police unit that is active in the forest regions and national parks: Polícia Militar Ambiental, which is active in 26 states and counts almost 10 thousand policemen. They are responsible for the maintenance of biodiversity and for the preservation and conservation of ecosystems. In the past decade, this police unit claimed to have achieved:
– Reduction of contraband and illegal trade of wild animals – Better control of deforestation of the Atlantic Forest – Total control of illegal hunting of the alligators in the Pantanal wetlands – Implantation and expansion of internal capacity programs – Implantation and implementation of various environmental education programs – Control of illegal actions of mineral extraction – Support to various scientific research programs
GUARDA FLORESTAL
Profissões – Guarda Florestal
Operação guarda florestal
Dia da Instituição do Direito de Voto da Mulher
(Institution of women’s voting rights in Brazil). In 1919, biologist Bertha Lutz introduced the idea of women’s voting rights from visit in Paris. Together with militant anarchist Maria Lacerda de Moura, she founded Liga Pela Eliminação Intelectual de Mulher, which was renamed into Federação Pelo Progresso Feminino. Already in 1927, the state of Rio Grande do Norte had its first female voter, in the city of Mossoró. Celina Guimarães, teacher, was the first Brazilian female voter. On 3 November 1930, president Washington Luis established women’s voting rights by law. The next step was done on 24 February 1932, when the Código Eleitoral Provisório (Provisional electoral code) was approved. In that time, only single women with own income, widows, and wives with their husband’s authorization were permitted to vote. In 1934, the new Code eliminated these restrictions. Only in 1946, women were obliged to vote. The 2010 presidential elections showed about 71 votes from women, against 65 million from men.
WOMEN’S VOTING RIGHTS
1920, As Mulheres Conquistam o Direito de Voto – Testemunha da História
A luta pelo Voto feminino no Brasil
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1930 Installation of Getúlio Dorneles Vargas as President of Brazil
Getúlio became head of the provisional government, which was installed by the military junta, after they had ousted President Washington Luís on 24 October. From 24 October to 3 November, a military junta was installed, composed of the generals Tasso Fragoso and Menna Barreto and admiral Isaías de Noronha. Getúlio served three different, consecutive terms, until 29 October 1945, and make a comeback in 1951, until he committed suicide on 24 August 1954.
GETÚLIO VARGAS
Conheça a trajetória política de Getúlio Vargas
HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL POR BÓRIS FAUSTO – A ERA VARGAS
Getúlio (Vargas) do Brasil – Vida e obra política.
Documentário sobre a “República Nova e o Estado Novo” (Getúlio Vargas)
Filme Getúlio Completo (Brasil)
Getulio Vargas- Documentário
1864 Death of poet Gonçalves Dias
Dias (proud of his caucasian, indian and black roots) was born in the state of Maranhão. He left for Coimbra to study law. There he wrote his masterpiece “Canção do Exílio”, inspired upon his longing to return to his motherland. He indeed returned to Brazil, and became a prolific poet. In 1862, Dias returned to Europe because of heath problems. Two years later, he took the boat back to Brazil. The French boat ‘Ville de Boulogne’ shipwrecked close to the Brazilian coast, in Maranhão. All passengers were saved, except Dias. He was bedridden, and was forgotten during the rescue operation. Dias is considered as one of the most important Brazilian Romantic poets.
GONÇALVES DIAS
Gonçalves Dias – Vida
Gonçalves Dias – Canção do Exilio.
I Juca Pirama
Poesia da Semana: “Seus Olhos” (Gonçalves Dias)
1615 Expulsion of the French from Maranhão, by the Portuguese
Already in 1594, some French traders, showing much interest in natural richnesss of the region of Maranhão, One of them, Jacques Rifault, tried to establish a trade post. He returned to France and left one of his companions in Maranhão. Jacques, however, never returned. The French king, Henry IV, was interested; in 1610, he sent Daniel de la Touch to Maranhão, who returned to France a short while later. Daniel went to Maranhaõ again, with three heavily armed warships and one thousand men, in order to start a colony. The French started to construct a fortress and a small settlement, which they named after their king: Saint Louis. The Portuguese reacted and started to construct their fortress on the southern part of the island. The French started their hostilities. A few days later, on 19 November 1614, the Portuguese were victorious in the battle. Daniel was forced to surrender, and he was given time to retreat from Brazil. The French didn’t recognize the Portuguese dominion; the Portuguese then attacked the French from land and from the sea. The French were only given time to leave Brazil orderly.
FRENCH IN MARANHÃO
Franceses no Maranhão (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 24/10/10
400 anos de São Luís do Maranhão
1907 Foundation of Hospital Souza Aguiar in Rio de Janeiro
The hospital is considered as the largest first aid hospital in Latin America.
1955 Substitution of President Café Filho by Carlos Coimbra Luz, President of the Câmara dos Deputados
President Café Filho suffered cardiovascular problems.
CAFÉ FILHO – CARLOS LUZ
Laurence Campos – documentário “Café Filho – O presidente potiguar” (parte 01)
Laurence Campos – documentário “Café Filho – O presidente potiguar” (parte 02)
Governo de Café Filho, Nereu Ramos e Carlos Luz
Conhecendo os Presidentes – Ep. 19: Café Filho
1997
Energy rationing in ten Brazilian states
The ten states in the central-western, south-eastern and southern regions were obliged to ration energy, after the collapse of ten energy towers in the state of Paraná.
ENERGY RATIONING
Em 1997, dez estados brasileiros foram obrigados a racionar energia
Cresce o risco de racionamento de energia elétrica no país
(World Psoriasis Day). The day was established in 2004, and organized by the International Federation of Psoriasis Associations (IFPA), an international organization whose membership is made up of psoriasis organizations from countries around the world. Psoriasis is a life-long skin disorder that causes red, scaly patches called lesions to appear on the skin. The lesions can show up on any area of the skin. There are several different kinds of psoriasis. Nearly three percent of the world population suffer from psoriasis. Most of them feel constant pain from cracking and bleeding skin. Others feel embarrassed for the existence of visible skin lesions. Unlike what many may think, psoriasis is not contagious. Despite worldwide efforts, there is no cure yet, but the lesions may be well treated.
WORLD PSORIASIS DAY
What is Psoriasis? (Part 1 of 3)
Causes & Symptoms of Psoriasis (Part 2 of 3)
Diagnosing & Treating Psoriasis (Part 3 of 3)
Psoriase, eu tenho. Por Ana Carrera
World Psoriasis Day
Vida & Saúde – Psoríase: Tratamento natural pra fazer em casa
Saiba mais sobre a Psoríase
World Psoriasis Day Challenge
Dia Nacional do Livro
(Brazilian Day of the Book). On 29 October 1810, the Real Biblioteca Portugesa (Royal Portuguese Library) was transferred to Brazil, while the Biblioteca Nacional was founded on the same day. The Portuguese collection (more than 66 thousand items) was first stored in various rooms of Hospital da Ordem Terceira do Carmo in Rio de Janeiro. The International Day of the Book is on 23 April.
O livro fala de paixão, perdas, de alegrias, de vida – por isso ele é importante. Ler é um direito, não um dever.
(Sylvia Orthof)
BRAZILIAN LITERATURE
A História da Literatura Brasileira
10 filmes baseados na literatura brasileira / 10 movies based on Brazilian literature
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1810 Foundation of Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro
In 1808, the Portuguese Royal Family moved to the Portuguese colony of Brazil, in order to escape confrontation with the advancing troops of French Imperial Army. Brazil turned from a colony to a full member of the Portuguese Empire. Ports were opened for international trade, the ban upon press was lifted. Books and journals were allowed to circulate. On 29 October 1810, the valuable Portuguese Royal Library (books, maps, medals, and coins, for instance) was transferred to Rio, and the Brazilian National Library (Biblioteca Nacional) was founded.
BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL, RIO DE JANEIRO
Biblioteca Nacional parte 1
Biblioteca Nacional parte 2
Biblioteca Nacional parte 3
Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro comemora 200 anos
Biblioteca Nacional – De Lá Pra Cá – 23/05/2010
Biblioteca Nacional abre suas portas – Almanaque Brasil (26/08/2011)
Rio Antigo – Biblioteca Nacional – Construção
Biblioteca Nacional do Rio tem mais de 9 milhões de itens – Repórter Brasil (noite)
Biblioteca Nacional: um oasis para os amantes da literatura – Repórter Rio
Biblioteca Nacional digitaliza oito mil músicas
1945 Military coup against President Getúlio Vargas
The roaring Twenties and Thirties in Brazil were characterized by a number of revolts and uproars. Young lieutenants started mutinies against the established (military) order. Such as in Rio de Janeiro in 1922, and in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in 1924. On 24 October 1930, a military coup, led by Getúlio Vargas, marked the end of the so-called ‘República Velha’ (Old Republic), which was established at the moment of the end of the Imperial reign. On 3 November 1930,Vargas was appointed head of the ‘Governo Provisório’ (interim government) until 1934, when he was elected president by the National Constitutional Assembly. In 1937, Vargas created the ‘República Nova’, the New Republic, and gained dictatorial powers. On 29 October 1945, a military coup by dissatisfied generals (some of them were ‘tenentes’ (lieutenants) who participated in the 1930 revolution) forced Vargas to step down.
ERA VARGAS
A História do Brasil por Boris Fausto (Vol.4) – Brasil na Era Vargas (1930-1945).
Vestibular Digital: A Era Vargas
1945 Installation of José Linhares as President of Brazil.
The military coup that made an end to the presidency of Getúlio Vagas, created a power vacuum. Getúlio had no vice-president; according to the Brazilian Constitution, the President of the Supreme Federal Court (STF) was the next in order of succession. José Linhares (1886-1957) was the President of the STF, and therefore installed as the 15th president of Brazil, until the installation of president-elect Gaspar Dutra on 31 January 1946.
(United Nations Day). This day marks the day in 1945 when the UN Charter entered into force. The UN day has been celebrated since 1948. In 1971, the General Assembly of the UN recommended the member states to have this day observed as a public holiday.
UNITED NATIONS DAY
The United Nations: It’s Your World
United Nations Day: The Millenium Development Goals
Dia Internacional da Informação sobre o Desenvolvimento
(World Development Information Day). In 1972, this day was instituted by the General Assembly, in order to draw attention of world public opinion to development problems and the need to strengthen international cooperation to solve them.
“[…] Information and communications technologies have the potential to provide new solutions to development challenges, particularly in the context of globalization, and can foster economic growth, competitiveness, access to information and knowledge, poverty eradication and social inclusion […]”
General Assembly Resolution
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1669
Foundation of the city of Manaus, capital of the state of Amazonas (AM).
Manaus, slightly smaller than Flanders, is located at the confluence of the Solimões and Negro rivers. Since the discovery of the Amazon River in 1540, English, Spanish, Dutch and French invaders tried to exploit the region. Only in 1639, the Portuguese managed to expel them. In 1669, a start was made with the construction of a fortification. At this location a small settlement was erected: Lugar do Barra, the original location of Manaus. In 1833, the settlement gained the status of a village and received its actual name: Manaus. It means ‘Mother of God’. On 5 September 1850, the Province of Amazonas was created, and Manaus became the capital. At the end of the 19th century, Manaus became the center of booming rubber plantations, and a level of wealth which was not met elsewhere in Brazil. When rubber plantations emerged in other countries, Manaus became impoverished. In 1967, the Brazilian government created the ‘Zona Franca de Manaus’, a duty-free zone. As a result industrial activities and tourism are booming.
MANAUS (AM)
Manaus, Amazonas – A Metrópole da Amazônia
World Cup Brazil 2014 – Manaus / Amazonas
Manaus-Brasil
Manaus, Brazil – a walk near the harbor (video)
Manaus, diferente de tudo mas com cara de Brasil!
Uma viagem pelos principais pontos turísticos da Amazônia
1933
Foundation of Cidade de Goiás, now called Goiânia, capital of the state of Goiás (GO).
It took almost a century since the discovery of the Brazilian coast, when the first pioneers entered the highlands of Western Brazil, in search of gold and other precious metals and stones. One of the principal pioneers, who entered the state of Goiás in 1725, was Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, nicknamed the Anhangüera. In 1727, the first chapel was raised in Arraial da Barra (later renamed in Vila Boa, and now part of Goiás), dedicated to Sant’Ana. The long distance between São Paulo, capital of the capitania São Paulo, of which the newly settled area was part of, and Arraial da Barra made the administration of the new settlement complicated. Therefore, the new capitania of Goiás was created in 1748, with Vila Boa as the capital. In 1830, plans were made to transfer the capital northward, to be more accessible by the rivers. It was not until 1930, when Pedro Ludivico Teixeira, a representative of the federal government to organize the transfer of the capital, started with the transfer procedure. The decision came in 1933, the first foundation stone was laid on October 24. In 1937, Goiânia became the official new capital of Goiás. The official inauguration took place five years later, in 1942. Already in 1950, the new capital surpassed the limit of fifty thousand inhabitants, the number for which the city was planned. Rapid expansion took place in the suburbs, the population increased to 700,000 in 1980. At present, the city hosts more than 1.3 million inhabitants.
GOIÂNIA (GO)
Goiânia City – Brazil HD
Goiânia City – Brazil HD | part 2
Goiânia – A Capital Verde
Goiânia – Goiás – Brasil (Nova Versão)
Historia de Goiânia
Goiânia sua construçao.
1930
Military coup against President Washington Luis.
Washington Luis Pereira de Sousa, born in Macaé (RJ), was installed as president of Brazil on 15 November 1926. The 1930 elections resulted in a victory of Julio Prestes, the candidate appointed by Washington Luis to be his successor. However, the opposition accused the government of fraud during the elections. The state of Minas Gerais (president Washington Luis was the ultimate president of the so-called café-com-leite politics, which resulted in silent agreements of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais of each other’s candidates for the presidency) sensed that it was no longer respected as fully equal state by São Paulo. They started to support the opposition formed by the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba (‘Aliança Libertora’). Their presidential candidate was Getúlio Vargas, with João Pessoa as vice-president. The murder of João Pessoa aggravated the political crisis. The coup leaders formed a three-men junta, and ruled for ten days only. They then handed over the power to Getúlio Vargas, who was installed as president of Brazil on 3 November. The coup against Washington Luis marked the end of ‘República Velha’ (Old Republic).
1930 REVOLUTION
1930,tempo de revolução
1930, A Revolução de 30 Inicia a Era de Vargas – Testemunha da História
Revolução de 30 – parte 01 (De lá pra cá – TV Brasil)
Revolução de 30 – parte 02 (De lá pra cá – TV Brasil)
1896
Creation of the General Staff of the Army (Estado Maior do Exército)
The EME was created by Lei (Act) 403 and ratified by President Prudente de Morais, in order to reform the army into a modern institution, with the capability to defend the nation and to maintain the laws within the nation. Its headquarters are located in Brasília. One of the notable commanders was dictatorial president Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco.
1932
Birth of journalist and cartoonist Ziraldo Alves Ponto, creator of ‘Menino Maluquinho’
Ziraldo was born in Caratinga, Minas Gerais. He stated his career in the Fifties with cartoons and drawings in various newspapers and magazines. Ziraldo became famous when the first cartoon magazine with drawings from only one cartoonist was issued: ‘A Turma do Pererê’. During the military dictatorship, he was one of the founders of a non-conformist magazine: ‘O Pasquim’. His cartoons had a more adult style, he gained many fans. In 1969, his first children’s book was published: ‘FLICTS’. From 1979, he dedicated himself to children’s books only. In 1980, Ziraldo created ‘O Menino Maluquinho’ , which had become one of the most famous fictional characters in Brazil. His works have been translated into various languages, including English, French, German, and Spanish.
ZIRALDO & MENINO MALUQUINHO
Roda Viva com Ziraldo
Ziraldo – Programa do Jô
Menino Maluquinho: O Filme (1994)
Filme – Menino Maluquinho 2, A Aventura (1997)
1968
Machine gun attack on Dom Helder Câmara’s residence.
The attack was performed by a group of government supporters, since Dom Helder was.fiercely opposed against the military dictatorship. The residence, Igreja das Fronteiras, was attacked by a group of four armed and masked men, at 3 am. While they were shooting at the church wall, they shouted “Morte ao arcebispo vermelho, Arcebispo de Moscou” (Death to the red arch bishop, arch bishop of Moscow). IT was the second attack in only one week, while Dom Helder was traveling. The journal attributed the attacks to the organization ‘Comando de Caça aos Comunistas (CCC; Command of Communist Hunters). Dom Helder, born on 7 February 1909 in Fortaleza, was arch bishop in Recife from 1964 until 1985. He died in 1999. Dom Helder was nominated four times for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1970, president Ernesto Medici gave the Brazilian ambassador in Norway personal instructions to attempt to block the prize for the arch bishop.
DOM HELDER CÂMARA
DOM HELDER CAMARA – O SANTO REBELDE
O Herói Dom Hélder Câmara: ” Pai dos Pobres e Irmão de João Paulo II”.
Ditadura e Dom Hélder Câmara.
Dom Hélder Câmara e as obras sociais.
1983
Vandalism at train station Ermelino Matarazzo in the Eastern Zone of the City of São Paulo, by a group of five thousand people.
The group acted violently because of the train delay of 26 minutes. On 17 September 2012, the train station again suffered vandalism by a group of 2000 people. The train station is located at Linha 12 Safira, which is considered as problematic. Recently, train stations, including Comendador Ermelino, have been modernized.
(Bees). On 21 September, it was Queen Bee Day. Today, it is a feast day for the beekind.
“Nada se assemelha à alma como a abelha. Esta voa de flor para flor, aquela de estrela para estrela. A abelha traz o mel, como a alma traz a luz.”
Victor Hugo
BEES
Dia da Abelha
Abelhas – SBT Brasília 03-10-11
Dia do Petróleo Brasileiro
(Brazilian Oil). This day refers to the foundation of Petrobrás in 1953 (see below).
Vargas (l), Lula (r)
Oil concession areas in Brazil
BRAZILIAN OIL
Pré-Sal : O Inicio de tudo
SBT Reporter 25-11-2009 Petróleo do Pré-Sal Parte 1
SBT Reporter 25-11-2009 Petróleo do Pré-Sal Parte 2
SBT Reporter 25-11-2009 Petróleo do Pré-Sal Parte 3
SBT Reporter 25-11-2009 Petróleo do Pré-Sal Parte 4
SBT Reporter 25-11-2009 Petróleo do Pré-Sal Parte 5
Dia Mundial dos Dentistas
(International Dentist Day). This day is somewhat confusing, since it is not a day proclaimed by the United Nations or by the International Dentist Federation. In the United States, Dentist’s Day is on 6 March. Other sources mention 9 February, while the United Nations have introduced World Oral Health Day on 12 September. In Brazil, Dentist’s Day is on 25 October. The day of 3 October is chosen, because the Baltimore College of Dental Surgerystarted on 3 October 1840. The profession of the dentist is highly estimated, since we all know the results of the efforts of a dentist to provide us bright and regular denture. WHO data show that between 60-90 percent of children worldwide have (had) caries.
“Aqui, muito ciso e pouco riso”..
“Sorria sempre. Sorria mesmo que seu sorriso seja triste, pois pior que um sorriso triste é a tristeza de não saber sorrir, por isso sorria sempre.”
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery (l)
DENTIST
Dentistas de luxo – 31/03/2011
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1950 Getúlio Vargas (1883-1954) elected as Brazilian president.
In 1930, Getúlio Vargas came into power with a military coup, after a tumultuous period that followed the murder of João Pessoa, his candidate vice-president. In 1932, Vargas was forced to repress another coup. In 1934, Vargas was elected president by the Constitutional Assembly. In 1937, Vargas committed another coup, and governed Brazil was a dictator, until 1945. Large-scale social pressure forced him to step down. In 1950, Vargas won the presidential elections and was president until he committed suicide on 24 August 1954.
GETÚLIO VARGAS
Getúlio Vargas – Documentário (1974)
Aula Vargas 1950 1954
1953 Foundation of Petrobrás, a Brazilian multinational energy corporation.
Petróleo Brasileiro SA (Petrobrás in short) was founded according to Lei (law) 2004. In 1997, Petrobrás had a monopoly position in Brazil, in relation to oil exploration. Since then, the Brazilian oil exploration market is open for foreign companies. In the same year, the Brazilian oil production reached the magic barrier of one million barres per day. At that time, this barrier was reached by 16 countries only. In 2003, when Petrobrás celebrated its 50th anniversary, the production was more than 2 million barrels per day. In 2011 (Forbes), Petrobrás, with more than 80 thousand employees, was the eight largest company in the world.
Vargas signing the law(Lei 2004)
PETROBRÁS
Nasce a Petrobras – 1953
Concluída a instalação da Petrobras – 1954
Petrobras – Com a cara do Brasil – 1958
PETROBRÁS – 1960 – Desafios desde o início
Petrobrás 50 anos
Petrobras – Institucional
Petrobras Oil Discovery
Petrobras – Global
1968 Student José Guimarães (20) died in the clashes between students of USP and Mackenzie, inSão Paulo.
While Brazil was suffering during from the dictatorial government, there were serious clashesbetween students of two different universities in São Paulo. The leftist students of USP against the rightist students of the Mackenzie University. Late sixties, there were regular armed conflicts, in which violence was commonplace. The fighting students made use of home-made bombs and even firearms. During one of these violent clashes, one student was hit in the head by a bullet. He died one day later. At that time, the governor of the state of São Paulo, fearing escalations, provided false data in relation to the funeral and implemented censorship of the investigations. The conflict now is known as “Batalha da Maria Antônia”, referring to the street in the city center, where the dramatic conflict occurred.
(International Translation Day). Translation is more than a profession, it is an art. Many of us must have tried to translate a text from a foreign language into the native language. And many have discovered that it is really hard to translate the thoughts of a foreign author. It is more than just translation: it is also an interpretation, using our cultural values and expressions. One of the most influential translations is the translation of the Bible by St. Jerome, from Hebrew into Greek and Latin. Therefore, he is considered as patron saint of the translators. Since the foundation of the International Federation of Translators in 1953, the feast day of St. Jerome is commemorated. Only in 1991, this day became the International Translation Day.
Theme for 2012 is:
‘Translation as Intercultural Interpretation’.
Theme of 2007 was:
DONT SHOOT THE MESSENGER! One may think of the many interpreters who were killed in warring countries, and the many jailed interpreters. The expression ‘Don’t shoot the messenger!’ is very old. It is attributed to Sophocles (442 BC). Much later, Shakespeare used the expression in his work ‘Anthony and Cleopatra (1606-1607).
INTERNATIONAL TRANSLATION DAY
International Translation Day
A Day in the Life of an Interpreter
Interpreting for Europe (EN)
Interpréter pour l’Europe … en français
Interpretare per l’Europa … in Italiano
Interpretar para Europa … en español
Tolken voor Europa (NL)
Dolmetschen für Europa (DE)
Dia da Bíblia
(Bible). It is no coincidence that today is the Day of the Bible, since the most influential translator of the Bible, St Jerome, is patron of the translators (see above). St. Jerome’stranslation into Greek and Latin made the Bible the most translated and most read manuscript in the world. St Jerome is also known as Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus, of Hieronymus of Stridon.
BIBLE
History of the Bible (Full Documentary)
The Visual Bible – The Gospel Of Matthew
DISCOVERY CHANNEL: Mistérios da Bíblia (1ª Parte)
DISCOVERY CHANNEL: Mistérios da Bíblia (2ª Parte)
Dia da Secretária
(Secretary). Probably, St. Jerome did not have a secretary for his translation works, he had to write down all by himself. In fact, he was secretary, of Pope Damasus, and therefore St. Jerome is considered as patron of the secretaries. At present, work of a secretary is essential for various forms of communication and administration.
Verdadeiros anjos da guarda, vocês assessoram,
aconselham, protegem, ouvem, orientam.
Diplomatas, gerenciam conflitos, apagam incêndios.
Liberam seus chefes dos chatos, inconvenientes.
Trazem brilho aos ambientes criados pelos mau-humorados.
E equilibram os excessos dos exagerados.
Descascam abacaxis, alertam para as cascas de banana.
Se sacrificam para apoiar seu líder.
César Souza
SECRETARY
Dia da Secretária – Tudo de Bom
Dia da Secretária (1983-84)
Dia do Jornaleiro
(Newspaper seller). Late 19th, early 20th century, newspapers were delivered on foot or on horseback in Brazil. Under all circumstances. One of the better known newspaper sellers was Bernard Grégoire. We was riding around on his horse, and used a little horn to announce his arrival. At present, many Brazilians buy their newspapers at the so-called bancas: small kiosks that generally are found on street corners. These bancas also sell magazines, and may offer photocopy and mobile telephone services.
JORNALEIRO
Dia do jornaleiro
DIA DO JORNALEIRO
Dia do Churrasqueiro
(Barbecue cook). In fact, barbecue cook is not the proper translation of ‘churrasqueiro’. Many Brazilian restaurants have a cook who is specialized in barbecued meat and barbecue-related dishes. Meat is flavored in a special way and put on large skewers. The churrasqueiro takes care of optimized conditions of the barbecue process. Waiters walk around with the skewers and cut slices on the plates of the guests. This is the so-called rodizio: one pay a fixed price for limitless meat slices. One also may opt for a rodizio of meat and pizza: not only meat but also pizza slices are then offered.
CHURRASCO
O campeão do churrasco na Rede Record Programa Hoje em Dia RS
Aprenda os segredos do churrasco –
Hoje em Dia
A Magia do Churrasco
Curso de Churrasco Para Mulheres
Dia do Portador de Tuberculose
(Tuberculosis).TBis a severe illness; one may die when not treated in time. TB symptoms are, amongst others, chest pain, chronic cough, fever, lack of appetite, and weight loss. Roughly one third of the world population is contaminated with TB bacilli; among them are approximately 45 million Brazilians. It is expected that approximately thirty million people will die of TB within the next 30 years. About six thousand Brazilians die of TB annually. The International Day of Combat against Tuberculosis is on 24 March.
TUBERCULOSIS
Tuberculose – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
TUBERCULOSE – TV SAÚDE
Tuberculose: conheça os sintomas
Saiba um pouco mais sobre Tuberculose
Campanha Nacional de Tuberculose
Fundo Global Brasil
Doenças da Pobreza – Fantástico Rede Globo Televisão
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1988 Gold medal for Aurélio Miguel during the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul (judo).
Aurélio Fernández Miguel (1964) started doing judo at the age of four. In 1987,Aurélio won a gold medal during the Pan American Games in Indianapolis. One year later, his most important victory was the gold medal in Seoul. Eight years later, he won a bronze medal in Atlanta. He had a very successful career, but he never had won the world title: he became second in 1993 and 1997, and third in 1987. Aurélio was elected as the best Pan American judoka of the (past) century). At present, Aurétlio is entrepreneur, member of the city council in São Paulo, and federal congressman.
Plano Cohen was a conspiracy plan, by the communists, with the intention to seize power in Brazil. President Getúlio Vargas and general Eurico Gaspar Dutra, minister of War, disclosed this conspiracy plan, which was published in national newspapers. Plano Cohenbecame the motive for president Vargas to declare the state of war, on 10 November 1937. That was the start of a dictatorial government (‘Estado Novo’) that lasted until 1945.
PLANO COHEN
Plano Cohen
Plano Cohen Uma fraude para manter Vargas no governo História do Brasil
(Brazilian Day of Infancy). A day of reflection about the life conditions of many children, who suffer malnutrition, live with lack of sanitary facilities and potable water, and lack good quality education. At many locations there will be attention to domestic violence that victimizes many children, and sexual abuse, by family members, acquaintances, and by ‘tourists’. Some years ago, an investigation by the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Federal Rodoviária) showed that along the highway network of 60 thousand kilometers, almost two thousand locations are known where children and youngsters are being exploited sexually.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1648 Death of Antônio Felipe Camarão (?1580-1648).
Antônio was a Brazilian Indian of the Potiguar tribe in the region of the city of Natal. His Indian name was ‘Poti’, meaning ‘shrimp’ (‘camarão’ in Portuguese). In 1612, he converted himself to Christianity, that the day of Saint Anthony, and adopted this name. He adopted the name Felipe, to honor the Spanish king. In 1630, Antônio battled, leading the Indian regiment, against the Dutch occupation, until 1468. In his final year of his life, he battled under the command of the Portuguese. Antônio was honored, and he was allowed to use the title ‘Dom’. Antônio succumbed from wounds that he caught in the famous battle of Guararapes. The city hall of Natal is named after Antônio.
FELIPE CAMARÃO
Filipe Camarão – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
1863 Death of actor João Caetano (1808-1863).
João Caetano dos Santos was born in Rio de Janeiro. He started is career in the theater as an amateur, until 1831, when he made his debut as a professional in “O Carpinteiro da Livônia”, later better known as “Pedro, o Grande” (about the Russian czar Peter the Great). Less than two years later, João and some colleagues founded the Companhia Nacional João Caetano. João’s favorite theater pieces were tragedy, but also acted in comedies. He described his experiences in two books: “Reflexões Dramáticas“, (1837) and “Lições Dramáticas” (1862). In 1860, he set up a school for Dramatic Arts, entirely free for students. He died three years later. João is considered as one of the masters of drama. Sixty years later, the historic Real Theatro de São João (1813) was named after him: Teatro João Caetano.
1954 Suicide of president Getúlio Vargas, in Palácio do Catete, Rio de Janeiro.
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas was born in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in 1882. It is obvious that, in his childhood, he changed his year of birth in 1883. This was discovered in 1982 only. Getúlio enlisted in the army and studied Law. He started his career as a lawyer. In 1909, he was elected as a congressman for his state, and as a federal congressman in 1923. He worked as Minister of Treasury for a short time, before he became president of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. During his mandate he favored secret voting and voting rights for women, and was responsible for the foundation of Viação Aérea Rio Grandense, better known as VARIG. In those days, there still was the so-called ‘cafe-com-leite’ political system: Presidents of the Republic of Brazil were from São Paulo or Minas Gerais. This tradition was ended after a series of political controversies and even a revolt. A military coup was committed, and Getúlio Vargas was appointed as president of the Provisional Government (1930-1934). This became the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (Estado Novo: 1937-1945). His government was considered as dictatorial, even fascist, according to some critics. However, he turned against the fascist nations in the Second World War, and chose the side of the Allied nations. Public pressure on Getúlio increased, until he was set aside by a coup, in 1945. He then became senator for Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo. In 1950, Getúlio was elected as president. His government was characterized by construction and corruption. In January 1954, an air force officer was shot dead, and a journalist wounded by a bodyguard of Getúlio. This scandal called for stepping down, and ultimately made the president decide to commit suicide. He was a controversial president, who gained the nickname “Pai dos Pobres (father of the poor)” .
GETÚLIO VARGAS
Morte de Getúlio Vargas
Um tiro no coração põe fim à Era Vargas
Getúlio Vargas – Documentário (1974)
Getúlio Vargas – De Lá Pra Cá – 24/08/2009
Conheça a trajetória política de Getúlio Vargas
Funeral de Getúlio Vargas – 1954
A Era Vargas – Parte 01
A Era Vargas – Parte 02
A Era Vargas – Parte 03
A Era Vargas – Parte 04
1954 Installation of João Café Filho as president of Brazil.
Following the suicide of Getúlio Vargas, vice-president João Café Filho (1899-1970), was installed as president of the Republic of Brazil. João was born in Natal, where he worked as lawyer and journalist. He was president (the first protestant president of Brazil), until he had to step down because of health problems (cardiac problems). His successor, Carlos Luz, was put aside only three days later, after a military coup. Café Filho was not allowed to continue his presidency after his disease, since it was assumed that he would not accept the elected presidential candidate Juscelino Kubitschek as his successor.
JOÃO CAFÉ FILHO
1955 – CAFÉ FILHO AT THE FUNERAL DE ARTUR BERNARDES
(Merchant) It is interesting to know that the origin of the name Mercurius, Roman god of trade, is to be derived from the Latin word Merx, that is to be translated as.. trade. The Dia do Comerciante was introduced in 1953, on the day of birth of Visconde de Cayru: José da Silva Lisboa (1756-1835). The viscount was a politician who was responsible for the liberation of Brazilian harbors for trade with befriended nations, in 1808.
DIA DO COMERCIANTE
Dia do Comerciante 2010
Motives for Dia do Comerciante
Dia da Nossa Senhora do Carmo
(Our Lady of Carmel). Karmel is located in Haifa, were, according to the Old Testament, prophet Elias battled idols. Worshipers of Elias settled there as hermits. They later formed the basis for the Order of the Carmelites, founded by Berthold of Calabria in the twelfth century, and the Carmelitesses. Their trademark was poverty and manual labor, and prayers in silence. Famous Carmelites are the saints Theresia of Avila, John of the Cross, Theresia of Lisieux, and Edith Stein (Theresia-Benedicta of the Cross). The Dutch priest Titus Brandsma also was a Carmelite.
Origin of the Carmelite Order
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1696 “Foundation” of the state of Minas Gerais.
On this day, a group of bandeirantes (pioneers) from São Paulo, led by Salvador Fernandes Furtado de Mendonça, discovered gold in a river that they baptized Nossa Senhora do Carmo, according to the feast day. The settlement of Nossa Senhora do Carmo emerged along the river, and soon this settlement gained strategic importance about the power game and gold. In 1709, the settlement became capital of the newly formed capitania (‘province’) São Paulo e Minas de Ouro. In 1711, the Portuguese king Dom João V ordered that the settlement should be elevated to a city and should be renamed in Mariana, after his wife, queen Maria Ana of Austria. Mariana became the religious center of the capitania and the first diocese in Minas Gerais. Mariana became urbanized and was one of the first planned cities in Brazil. In 1720, neighboring city Vila Rica became the new capital of Minas Gerais. (Map of the historic center of Mariana)
Mariana (MG)
1556
First bishop of Brazil shipwrecked near the Brazilian shoreline
Dom Pedro Fernando Sardinha, nominated as the first bishop in Brazil, shipwrecked near the shoreline of Alagoas. Soon the Caeté indians caught and consumed him. This story of cannibalism has raised doubts. An alternative version of the story is that the bishop was murdered by one of the survivors, who had spread the story of the indians to have an excuse to commit genocide and to take their homeland. And indeed, it was the reason for the arrival of a Portuguese expedition force who killed almost all indians of that tribe.
Documentary about the death of the bishop
1930 Nossa Senhora de Aparecida declared to patron saint of Brazil.
The story of Our Lady of Aparecida dates back to 1717. Three poor Brazilian fishermen were sent out fishing. They had nothing. Until one of them caught a small, headless statue, and not much later, the missing head. According to the legend, they immediately caught a lot of fish. The statue presumably was crafted by a monk from São Paulo, Frei Agostino de Jesus. The statue must have been in the water for many years. At present, this statue of Our Lady is covered by a blue mantle, and it wears a little crown. The statue now is located in the Basílica de Aparecida, the second largest (only after the Saint Peter in Rome) catholic church in the world. The Basílica may host at least 45 thousand believers. More than 6 million believers visit the Basílica annually. The feast day of Our Lady is on October 12.
1944 Landing of the first FEB (Força Expedicionária Brasileira; Brazilian Expedition Force) contigent in Naples (Italy).
Initially, Brazil maintained neutrality when the Second World War broke out. The Brazilian president Vargas slightly supported Nazism ideas and continued to trade with the Axis members as well as with the members of the Allied troops. Brazil gave the United States permission to set up air force bases in the northeast. This to dismay of the Germans, who took revenge by attacking Brazilian vessels. When five vessels were attacked in one single day, killing more than 600 people, the government had no other option than to declare war to the Axis members. With help of the United States, the Brazilian Expeditionary Force was organized and equipped. This army force (more than 25.000 men in total) has contributed in the liberation of Italy. Brazilians captured more than 20.000 prisoners of war and lost more than 400 of its men in the battles.
O Brasil na 2 Guerra Mundial – Lapa Azul – Excelente Documentário sobre a FEB
Documentários da Segunda Guerra – Brasil – FEB – Esquadrão Senta Pua!
FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4
FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4
FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4
FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4
The Disney cartoon image Zé (José of Joe) Carioca was created as a means of propaganda. The Americans were encouraged to become more familiar with their Brazilian allies.
Joe Carioca: Have ever been to Bahia?
1720 Rebellion leader Felipe dos Santos hanged and dismembered in Vila Rica, Minas Gerais.
Felipe was a miner, who led the revolt, in 1720, against the leadership the Casas de Fundição, responsible for the exploitation of the mines. No less than one fifth of the profits of the gold exploitation was destined for the Portuguese Crown. His rebellion was beaten down, and Felipe was arrested and condemned to death. Count de Assumar, governor of the Province Minas de Ouro was forced to split up the province. It was the birth of the actual state of Minas Gerais, with Vila Rica as its capital.
Revolta de Felipe dos Santos e Conjura Mineira
1934 Proclamation of the Third Brazilian Constitutional Law.
Brazil has introduced seven different constitutional laws since its independence in 1822. The first was in 1824, the second was two years after the proclamation of the Republic, in 1891. The third was in 1934, partly thanks to the revolts and revolutions in the preceding years. Only three years later, in 1937, the fourth constitutional law, an initiative of Getúlio Vargas, would be introduced.
Documentary about the third Brazilian constitutional law
