(International Smile Day). TheWorld Smile Day, created in 1963, is on the first Friday in October. This day is founded by the World Smile Cooperation, which was owned by Harvey Ball (1921-2001), creator of the smiley. The Brazilian Smile Day is on 6 November. However, the International Smile Day is also marked on 18 January, according to various Brazilian sources.
When we smile, we use 12 facial muscles, and when we laugh we move 24 muscles. When we talk and laugh at the same time, we use 84 muscles. Meanwhile, the laugh is not restricted to the face, it involves the entire body. According to dermatologists, laughing slows down the appearance of facial wrinkles.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1696 Creation of Freguesia de São João Batista de Icaraí (now district within Niterói, RJ), by Alvará.
1823 Creation of Batalhão do Imperador (Imperial Batallion) by emperor Dom Pedro I
1892 Inauguration of the first sugar factory in the state of Alagoas.
1913 Inauguration of the cable train track Morro da Urca – Pão de Açúcar, Rio de Janeiro.
This track is the second part of the track Urca – Pão de Açúcar.
1951 Getúlio Vargas proclaimed president of Brazil, by the Justiça Eleitoral (electoral court).
1965 Decree defined 9 June as ‘Dia Nacional de Anchieta ‘ (National Anchieta Day).
The day refers to the death of Padre (father) Anchieta on 9 June 1597. Padre Anchieta was one of the founders of the cities of São Paulo (1554) and Rio de Janeiro (1565).
1980 Bomb deactivated in Leonel Brizola’s apartment in Hotel Everest, Rio de Janeiro.
1984 Launch of presidential election campaign of candidate Paulo Maluf.
1985 Athlete Joaquim Cruz elected as best Latin American Athlete 1984.
This was announced by Federação Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Jornalistas Desportivos (Latin American and Caribbean Federation of Sports Journalists)
1988 End of energy rationing in the Northeast.
The rationing of electric energy had started on 1 March 1987.
2000 Oil leakage in Guanabara Bay
About 1.3 million liters of oil was leaked in the bay. Petrobrás was held responsible for this leakage.
2001 Vasco da Gama Brazilian Soccer Champion 2000.
That year, the competition was called Copa João Havelange. No less than 116 teams entered this competition at 4 different levels. The final was between São Caetano (SP) and Vasco da Gama (RJ). The first match had ended in a 1-1 draw. The second match, on 30 december 2000, was interrupted when a separation fence collapsed and caused more than 150 wounded. The replay of the second match was on 18 January, and resulted in a 3-1 victory for Vasco, gaining their fourth national title.
2005 Start of Ano do Brasil (Year of Brazil) in France.
In Brazil, Ano da França (Year of France) was in 2009.
2007 First Taça das Nações Indígenas de Futebol (Indigenous Nations’ Soccer Cup) in Juiz de Fora (MG).
The cup was disputed by 19 Brazilian ethnic indian tribes. The 26 matches resulted in 100 goals. Winner was Xerente of the state of Tocantins.
1558
Installation of Mem de Sá as Governor-general of Brazil
.
1615
French colonists ousted from Maranhão by the Portuguese.
1898
Brazilian politician Luís Carlos Prestes became Secretary-General of the Partido Comunista Brasileiro (Brazilian Communist Party).
1938
Nationwide broadcast of the radio program ‘A Hora do Brasil’.
The program, already on air since 22 July 1935 under the name ‘A Voz do Brasil’, and regained the original name on 6 September 1946.
1959
Start of the production of Volkswagen Beetle in Brazil.
In Brazil, this brand is called ‘Fusca’.
1983
First broadcast of Praça TV, by Rede Globo.
1983
First broadcast of Bom Dia Brasil, by Globo.
1984
Departure of ‘Barão de Teffé’, a Brazilian research vessel, to Antarctica, in order to establish the first Brazilian research station on the continent.
1987
Aviation accident in Ivory Coast involving an airplane of Varig.
Varig flight 797, with a Boeing 707, had departed from Abidjan (Ivory Coast) on its way to Rio de Janeiro. Soon after the departure, there were problems with one of the motors. When returning to the airport, the plane crashed in the jungle, at 18 km from the airport. There was only one survivor of the 39 passengers and 12 crew members.
2005
The city of Criciúma (Santa Catarina) hit by a tornado.
1905 Creation of the third, and actual, Banco do Brasil
On 12 October 1808, Dom João VI, King of Portugal, opened the first Banco do Brasil in Rio de Janeiro. He and his family were in exile during the French occupation of Portugal. In 1853, the second Banco do Brasil was opened, as a result of the merger between Banco do Brasil de Mauá (former first Banco do Brasil) with Banco Comercial do Rio de Janeiro. Per decree 1.455 of 30 December 1905, Banco do Brasil was created again, and was reopened on 3 July the following year.
1992 Suspension of political rights of former president Fernando Collor, by the Senate.
1937
Decree by President Getúlio Vargas transformed the political parties into beneficiary and cultural societies.
(International Day of People with Disability). In 1976, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 1981 as the International Year of Disabled People, and the period 1983-1992 as the Decade of Disabled Peoples. Since 1992, 3 December is promoted as the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. Over one billion people, about 15 percent of the world’s population, live with some form of disability. Most of them face physical, social, economic and attitudinal barriers that exclude them from participating fully and effectively as equal members of society. In 2006, the Convention on the Rights of People with Disability was adopted by the UN General Assembly. The Convention is intended as a human rights instrument with an explicit, development dimension.
Theme for 2013: “Break Barriers, Open Doors: for an inclusive society and development for all”
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1990 Death of actress Henriette Morineau (1908-1990)
Henriette Fernande Zoé Morineau was born in Niort, France. She quickly became interested in literature and its interpretation. She started to have drama classes, and in 1926, she started a tour through France, with Comédie Française. Three years later, Henriette made a tour through various European countries, and met Georges Mourineau. She married him, when she arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1930. In 1942, she participated in a tour through South America, with a repertoire of five theater pieces. In 1946, she founded the company Os Artistas Unidos, which organized theater pieces for children and adults. Henriette also acted in movies such as ‘O Comprador de Fazendas’ (1951), ‘Presença da Anita’ (1951), and a TV series ‘Água Viva’ (1980).
2000 First place in ATP World Ranking for Gustavo Kuerten.
Guga reached the first place after his victory against André Agassi in the Master Cup, in Lisbon.
1530 Departure of Martim Afonso de Sousa, from Lisbon.
Martim became the founder of the first city in Brazil: São Vicente (SP), on 21 January 1532.
1902 Death of President Prudente de Moraes.
The third president, and the first directly elected, died in Piracicaba (SP), at the age of 61. Prudente succeeded Floriano Peixoto on 15 November 1894 as President of Brazil, and stayed in office until the end of his mandate on 15 November 1898.
1904 Birth of Roberto Marinho, former owner of Organizações Globo.
Roberto Marinho was one of the participating lieutenants in the 1922 Copacabana Revolt, but he left the fortress early. He inherited Globo newspaper, founded by his father Irineu in 1925. The radio division (Rádio Globo) was founded in 1944. On 26 April 1965, Roberto founded Rede Globo, with has become the largest broadcast corporation in Brazil, and the second largest in the world. His son Roberto Irineu Marinho (1947) became the new owner in 2003.
1937 Dissolution of Ação Integralista by President Getúlio Vargas.
1994 Dayvison André da Silva, 13 years, managed to escape from his prison
Dayvison was kept prisoner in the prison for two years and six months, in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, em São Paulo.
(Grandfather). In Brazil, the grandparent’s day was celebrated on 26 July, the feast day of the saints Ana and Joaquim, parents of Maria, grandparents of Jesus. Some sources mention 26 July as Dia da Vovó (grandmother) and 24 November as Dia do Vovô (grandfather).
Dia Nacional dos Rios
(Rivers).
Dia do Quadro Auxiliar de Oficiais
(Officers’ Support Unit). This army unit was created per presidential decree (84.333) on 20 December 1979. Antônio João Ribeiro had been chosen as patron of this army unit. Lieutenant Antônio João Ribeiro, born on 23 November 1823, was leading a small reconnaissance unit of 15 soldiers, in order to gather information of the advancing Paraguayan invasion army, at the start of the Paraguayan War. He ordered to have the civilians evacuated and fought against the invaders until his death on 29 December 1964. His famous words were:
Sei que morro, mas meu sangue e o dos meus companheiros servirá de protesto solene contra a invasão do solo de minha Pátria. I know that I’ll die, but my blood and that of my comrades will serve as a solemn protest against the invasion of my motherland.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1631 Olinda (PE) set on fire by Dutch invaders.
1825 Departure of Dom Pedro I to participate in the Platina War, in Uruguay.
1861 Birth of poet João Cruz e Sousa.
1935 Soldiers of the ANL (Aliança Nacional Libertadora) seized power in Recife during the Intentona Comunista (Communist Conspiracy),
Intentona Comunista, also known as Revolta Vermelha de 35 (the 1935 Red Uprising) or Levante Comunista (Comunist Uprising), started in November 1935 with a coup attempt against President Getúlio Vargas. The uprising started in Natal, extended to Recife, and ended in Rio de Janeiro. The ANL, led by Luis Carlos Prestes, gained little support from the people and the army. The rebels were defeated, and as a result the state of siege was declared by Vargas at the end of 1935. He managed to strengthen his power and remained in office until 1945
1937 Federal intervention in all Brazilian states – except Minas Gerais – per decree by president Getúlio Vargas.
(Armistice Day). Today, the end of the First World War (1914-1918) is commemorated. Brazil was not directly involved in this global war. There were large colonies of German migrants in Southern Brazil, and the Brazilian minister of Foreign Affairs – Lauro Muller- had German roots. However, German aggression also hit Brazil: off the French coast, the vessel ‘Paraná’ was torpedoed (5 April 1917). In Rio de Janeiro, German trade houses were invaded, and one week later, the German consul was forced to leave Brazil. On 26 October 1917, after the resignation of Muller, Brazil declared war to Germany. A Brazilian expedition force was organized, but at the time of the start of the expedition mission, the armistice was signed. The plan was to send the expedition force to Mesopotamia, because of the climate. Nevertheless, some missions were sent, and some soldiers were involved in a number of battles.
President Brás signed the Declaration of War source
Dia do Diretor de Escola
(School director). This day is on 11 or 12 November? Some research on the internet did not provide a clear answer. Even government sites show both dates. The school director, therefore, receives attention on both days.
Indeed: in Brazil, one may enter some course to become school director. source
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1955
Deposition of President Carlos Luz by a military coup
Only three days earlier, Carlos Coimbra Luz (1894-1961), was installed as President. As head of the Chamber of Deputies, he was the next in line of succession. President João Café Filho decided, after more than one year (succeeding President Getúlio Vargas, after his suicide in 1954) to step down. On 11 November, Minister of Defense (Teixeira Lott), backed by the army, deposed Carlos Luz, since they feared that Carlos would not step down to make place for his elected successor: Juscelino Kubitschek. The military leaders put forward the chairman of the Senate, Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (1888-1958), as interim-president. Ramos stayed in office until 31 January 1956, when Kubitschek was installed as his successor.
source
The five Brazilian presidents between 1954 and 1956
from left to right: Vargas, Café Filho, Luz, Ramos, Kubitschek
1904 Start of the Vaccination Revolt in Rio de Janeiro.
Early 20th century, Rio de Janeiro was a dirty city. Many people, mainly migrants, died because of yellow fever, tuberculosis, and plague. President Francisco de Paulo Rodrigues Alves wanted to end this miserable situation. He called the expert assistance of Oswaldo Cruz, in order to improve the hygienic circumstances. Rio had undergone a recent metamorphosis: traditional dwellings were demolished in order to create space fro wide boulevards and small flats. Oswald worked thoroughly. Rat fighting teams were sent, and people were urge to remove garbage from the streets. In order to battle yellow fever, a legally mandatory vaccination program was introduced. The people did not see the effectiveness of the vaccination; rumors about the negative effects were spread around. They started revolts that lasted for a week, in Rio. Throughout the city, barricades were set up, and large groups were fighting with the police. As a result, about thirty people died in these clashes, and more than one hundred wounded, and one thousand captured. More than half of the captured were deported to Acre, near the Bolivian border, in order to work there. One a few returned afterwards.
(Wheat). Wheat was the first crop that was grown by man. Wheat also gained religious status, by offering it to the God(s) in various religions. Wheat already was ground before the Greek era; the Greek and Romans improved grounding techniques. In 1534, wheat was imported in Brazil by the Portuguese. The expedition of Martim Afonso da Souza brought wheat grains to land, where they were first sown in the capitania of São Vicente.
Dia do Ruralismo
(Rural life).
Dia da Nota Fiscal
(Receipt). In Brazil, you need to receive a nota fiscal for every transaction or service. This receipt is also essential for the calculation of the taxes. Even a simple supermarket receipt contains separate tax percentages of all products. Since 2004, the Brazilian Ministry of Treasury stimulates the electronic version: Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e). On their web site one may read how many electronic receipts have been authorized (5.7 billion on 9 November 2012)
1555 Arrival of the French expedition in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro.
ankomst van het Franse eskader, onder het commando van Nicolau Durand de Villegaignon, in de Baai van Guanabara. This expedition force was commanded by Nicolau Durand de Villegaignon. The location of future Rio de Janeiro was occupied by the French, who founded their colony French Antarctica. The settlement on Ilha de Serigipe was renamed into Henriville, honoring French king Henri III. Two years later, more French would arrive. Eventually, the French were ousted from Rio de Janeiro. It occurred in 1560, by the Portuguese forces, commanded by MEm de Sá.
“Na ilhota de 100 léguas ou 30 mil metros quadrados, Villegaignon aportara em 10 de novembro de 1555 com duas naus, 140 homens, nenhuma mulher e um sonho: criar uma extensão tropical da França na Guanabara, seio do mar , na língua dos tamoios, indios moradores dali. Conseguiu. Os franceses, a maioria prisioneiros arrebanhados nas masmorras de Paris, se aliaram aos nativos. Juntos, construíram 19 casinhas de sapê com telhados de palha e duas pequenas fortalezas sobre os dois únicos montes de pedra da ilha.” source
1864 Imperial vessel ‘Marquês de Olinda’ boarded by Paraguayan troops.
The crew was captured. This action, ordered by the Paraguayan government, headed by dictator Francisco Solano Lopez, became the start of the war of triple Alliance (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) against Paraguay. In 1870, following the death of the dictator, Paraguay surrendered. The small country suffered significantly during the war.
1937 Installation of Getúlio Vargas as president of the Third Brazilian Republic, the Novo Estado.
Getúlio was the leader of the Revolution in 1930, which helped him in power. In 1937, Getúlio accepted the presidency. He then dismantled the Congresso Nacional (Brazilian Congress). The dictatorial era of Vargas would last until 1945.
1937
Announcement of the Third Republican Constitutional Law in Brazil.
(Forest guard, park ranger). Today is the feast day of St. Hubertus, patron saint of the forest workers and hunters. On a Good Friday, St. Hubertus saw a crucifix between the antlers of a stag and heard a voice saying that he had to go to Maastricht (the Netherlands). He continued his life as a bishop in Liege (Belgium). In Brazil, there is a special police unit that is active in the forest regions and national parks: Polícia Militar Ambiental, which is active in 26 states and counts almost 10 thousand policemen. They are responsible for the maintenance of biodiversity and for the preservation and conservation of ecosystems. In the past decade, this police unit claimed to have achieved:
– Reduction of contraband and illegal trade of wild animals – Better control of deforestation of the Atlantic Forest – Total control of illegal hunting of the alligators in the Pantanal wetlands – Implantation and expansion of internal capacity programs – Implantation and implementation of various environmental education programs – Control of illegal actions of mineral extraction – Support to various scientific research programs
GUARDA FLORESTAL
Profissões – Guarda Florestal
Operação guarda florestal
Dia da Instituição do Direito de Voto da Mulher
(Institution of women’s voting rights in Brazil). In 1919, biologist Bertha Lutz introduced the idea of women’s voting rights from visit in Paris. Together with militant anarchist Maria Lacerda de Moura, she founded Liga Pela Eliminação Intelectual de Mulher, which was renamed into Federação Pelo Progresso Feminino. Already in 1927, the state of Rio Grande do Norte had its first female voter, in the city of Mossoró. Celina Guimarães, teacher, was the first Brazilian female voter. On 3 November 1930, president Washington Luis established women’s voting rights by law. The next step was done on 24 February 1932, when the Código Eleitoral Provisório (Provisional electoral code) was approved. In that time, only single women with own income, widows, and wives with their husband’s authorization were permitted to vote. In 1934, the new Code eliminated these restrictions. Only in 1946, women were obliged to vote. The 2010 presidential elections showed about 71 votes from women, against 65 million from men.
WOMEN’S VOTING RIGHTS
1920, As Mulheres Conquistam o Direito de Voto – Testemunha da História
A luta pelo Voto feminino no Brasil
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1930 Installation of Getúlio Dorneles Vargas as President of Brazil
Getúlio became head of the provisional government, which was installed by the military junta, after they had ousted President Washington Luís on 24 October. From 24 October to 3 November, a military junta was installed, composed of the generals Tasso Fragoso and Menna Barreto and admiral Isaías de Noronha. Getúlio served three different, consecutive terms, until 29 October 1945, and make a comeback in 1951, until he committed suicide on 24 August 1954.
GETÚLIO VARGAS
Conheça a trajetória política de Getúlio Vargas
HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL POR BÓRIS FAUSTO – A ERA VARGAS
Getúlio (Vargas) do Brasil – Vida e obra política.
Documentário sobre a “República Nova e o Estado Novo” (Getúlio Vargas)
Filme Getúlio Completo (Brasil)
Getulio Vargas- Documentário
1864 Death of poet Gonçalves Dias
Dias (proud of his caucasian, indian and black roots) was born in the state of Maranhão. He left for Coimbra to study law. There he wrote his masterpiece “Canção do Exílio”, inspired upon his longing to return to his motherland. He indeed returned to Brazil, and became a prolific poet. In 1862, Dias returned to Europe because of heath problems. Two years later, he took the boat back to Brazil. The French boat ‘Ville de Boulogne’ shipwrecked close to the Brazilian coast, in Maranhão. All passengers were saved, except Dias. He was bedridden, and was forgotten during the rescue operation. Dias is considered as one of the most important Brazilian Romantic poets.
GONÇALVES DIAS
Gonçalves Dias – Vida
Gonçalves Dias – Canção do Exilio.
I Juca Pirama
Poesia da Semana: “Seus Olhos” (Gonçalves Dias)
1615 Expulsion of the French from Maranhão, by the Portuguese
Already in 1594, some French traders, showing much interest in natural richnesss of the region of Maranhão, One of them, Jacques Rifault, tried to establish a trade post. He returned to France and left one of his companions in Maranhão. Jacques, however, never returned. The French king, Henry IV, was interested; in 1610, he sent Daniel de la Touch to Maranhão, who returned to France a short while later. Daniel went to Maranhaõ again, with three heavily armed warships and one thousand men, in order to start a colony. The French started to construct a fortress and a small settlement, which they named after their king: Saint Louis. The Portuguese reacted and started to construct their fortress on the southern part of the island. The French started their hostilities. A few days later, on 19 November 1614, the Portuguese were victorious in the battle. Daniel was forced to surrender, and he was given time to retreat from Brazil. The French didn’t recognize the Portuguese dominion; the Portuguese then attacked the French from land and from the sea. The French were only given time to leave Brazil orderly.
FRENCH IN MARANHÃO
Franceses no Maranhão (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 24/10/10
400 anos de São Luís do Maranhão
1907 Foundation of Hospital Souza Aguiar in Rio de Janeiro
The hospital is considered as the largest first aid hospital in Latin America.
1955 Substitution of President Café Filho by Carlos Coimbra Luz, President of the Câmara dos Deputados
President Café Filho suffered cardiovascular problems.
CAFÉ FILHO – CARLOS LUZ
Laurence Campos – documentário “Café Filho – O presidente potiguar” (parte 01)
Laurence Campos – documentário “Café Filho – O presidente potiguar” (parte 02)
Governo de Café Filho, Nereu Ramos e Carlos Luz
Conhecendo os Presidentes – Ep. 19: Café Filho
1997
Energy rationing in ten Brazilian states
The ten states in the central-western, south-eastern and southern regions were obliged to ration energy, after the collapse of ten energy towers in the state of Paraná.
ENERGY RATIONING
Em 1997, dez estados brasileiros foram obrigados a racionar energia
Cresce o risco de racionamento de energia elétrica no país
(World Psoriasis Day). The day was established in 2004, and organized by the International Federation of Psoriasis Associations (IFPA), an international organization whose membership is made up of psoriasis organizations from countries around the world. Psoriasis is a life-long skin disorder that causes red, scaly patches called lesions to appear on the skin. The lesions can show up on any area of the skin. There are several different kinds of psoriasis. Nearly three percent of the world population suffer from psoriasis. Most of them feel constant pain from cracking and bleeding skin. Others feel embarrassed for the existence of visible skin lesions. Unlike what many may think, psoriasis is not contagious. Despite worldwide efforts, there is no cure yet, but the lesions may be well treated.
WORLD PSORIASIS DAY
What is Psoriasis? (Part 1 of 3)
Causes & Symptoms of Psoriasis (Part 2 of 3)
Diagnosing & Treating Psoriasis (Part 3 of 3)
Psoriase, eu tenho. Por Ana Carrera
World Psoriasis Day
Vida & Saúde – Psoríase: Tratamento natural pra fazer em casa
Saiba mais sobre a Psoríase
World Psoriasis Day Challenge
Dia Nacional do Livro
(Brazilian Day of the Book). On 29 October 1810, the Real Biblioteca Portugesa (Royal Portuguese Library) was transferred to Brazil, while the Biblioteca Nacional was founded on the same day. The Portuguese collection (more than 66 thousand items) was first stored in various rooms of Hospital da Ordem Terceira do Carmo in Rio de Janeiro. The International Day of the Book is on 23 April.
O livro fala de paixão, perdas, de alegrias, de vida – por isso ele é importante. Ler é um direito, não um dever.
(Sylvia Orthof)
BRAZILIAN LITERATURE
A História da Literatura Brasileira
10 filmes baseados na literatura brasileira / 10 movies based on Brazilian literature
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1810 Foundation of Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro
In 1808, the Portuguese Royal Family moved to the Portuguese colony of Brazil, in order to escape confrontation with the advancing troops of French Imperial Army. Brazil turned from a colony to a full member of the Portuguese Empire. Ports were opened for international trade, the ban upon press was lifted. Books and journals were allowed to circulate. On 29 October 1810, the valuable Portuguese Royal Library (books, maps, medals, and coins, for instance) was transferred to Rio, and the Brazilian National Library (Biblioteca Nacional) was founded.
BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL, RIO DE JANEIRO
Biblioteca Nacional parte 1
Biblioteca Nacional parte 2
Biblioteca Nacional parte 3
Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro comemora 200 anos
Biblioteca Nacional – De Lá Pra Cá – 23/05/2010
Biblioteca Nacional abre suas portas – Almanaque Brasil (26/08/2011)
Rio Antigo – Biblioteca Nacional – Construção
Biblioteca Nacional do Rio tem mais de 9 milhões de itens – Repórter Brasil (noite)
Biblioteca Nacional: um oasis para os amantes da literatura – Repórter Rio
Biblioteca Nacional digitaliza oito mil músicas
1945 Military coup against President Getúlio Vargas
The roaring Twenties and Thirties in Brazil were characterized by a number of revolts and uproars. Young lieutenants started mutinies against the established (military) order. Such as in Rio de Janeiro in 1922, and in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul in 1924. On 24 October 1930, a military coup, led by Getúlio Vargas, marked the end of the so-called ‘República Velha’ (Old Republic), which was established at the moment of the end of the Imperial reign. On 3 November 1930,Vargas was appointed head of the ‘Governo Provisório’ (interim government) until 1934, when he was elected president by the National Constitutional Assembly. In 1937, Vargas created the ‘República Nova’, the New Republic, and gained dictatorial powers. On 29 October 1945, a military coup by dissatisfied generals (some of them were ‘tenentes’ (lieutenants) who participated in the 1930 revolution) forced Vargas to step down.
ERA VARGAS
A História do Brasil por Boris Fausto (Vol.4) – Brasil na Era Vargas (1930-1945).
Vestibular Digital: A Era Vargas
1945 Installation of José Linhares as President of Brazil.
The military coup that made an end to the presidency of Getúlio Vagas, created a power vacuum. Getúlio had no vice-president; according to the Brazilian Constitution, the President of the Supreme Federal Court (STF) was the next in order of succession. José Linhares (1886-1957) was the President of the STF, and therefore installed as the 15th president of Brazil, until the installation of president-elect Gaspar Dutra on 31 January 1946.
(United Nations Day). This day marks the day in 1945 when the UN Charter entered into force. The UN day has been celebrated since 1948. In 1971, the General Assembly of the UN recommended the member states to have this day observed as a public holiday.
UNITED NATIONS DAY
The United Nations: It’s Your World
United Nations Day: The Millenium Development Goals
Dia Internacional da Informação sobre o Desenvolvimento
(World Development Information Day). In 1972, this day was instituted by the General Assembly, in order to draw attention of world public opinion to development problems and the need to strengthen international cooperation to solve them.
“[…] Information and communications technologies have the potential to provide new solutions to development challenges, particularly in the context of globalization, and can foster economic growth, competitiveness, access to information and knowledge, poverty eradication and social inclusion […]”
General Assembly Resolution
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1669
Foundation of the city of Manaus, capital of the state of Amazonas (AM).
Manaus, slightly smaller than Flanders, is located at the confluence of the Solimões and Negro rivers. Since the discovery of the Amazon River in 1540, English, Spanish, Dutch and French invaders tried to exploit the region. Only in 1639, the Portuguese managed to expel them. In 1669, a start was made with the construction of a fortification. At this location a small settlement was erected: Lugar do Barra, the original location of Manaus. In 1833, the settlement gained the status of a village and received its actual name: Manaus. It means ‘Mother of God’. On 5 September 1850, the Province of Amazonas was created, and Manaus became the capital. At the end of the 19th century, Manaus became the center of booming rubber plantations, and a level of wealth which was not met elsewhere in Brazil. When rubber plantations emerged in other countries, Manaus became impoverished. In 1967, the Brazilian government created the ‘Zona Franca de Manaus’, a duty-free zone. As a result industrial activities and tourism are booming.
MANAUS (AM)
Manaus, Amazonas – A Metrópole da Amazônia
World Cup Brazil 2014 – Manaus / Amazonas
Manaus-Brasil
Manaus, Brazil – a walk near the harbor (video)
Manaus, diferente de tudo mas com cara de Brasil!
Uma viagem pelos principais pontos turísticos da Amazônia
1933
Foundation of Cidade de Goiás, now called Goiânia, capital of the state of Goiás (GO).
It took almost a century since the discovery of the Brazilian coast, when the first pioneers entered the highlands of Western Brazil, in search of gold and other precious metals and stones. One of the principal pioneers, who entered the state of Goiás in 1725, was Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, nicknamed the Anhangüera. In 1727, the first chapel was raised in Arraial da Barra (later renamed in Vila Boa, and now part of Goiás), dedicated to Sant’Ana. The long distance between São Paulo, capital of the capitania São Paulo, of which the newly settled area was part of, and Arraial da Barra made the administration of the new settlement complicated. Therefore, the new capitania of Goiás was created in 1748, with Vila Boa as the capital. In 1830, plans were made to transfer the capital northward, to be more accessible by the rivers. It was not until 1930, when Pedro Ludivico Teixeira, a representative of the federal government to organize the transfer of the capital, started with the transfer procedure. The decision came in 1933, the first foundation stone was laid on October 24. In 1937, Goiânia became the official new capital of Goiás. The official inauguration took place five years later, in 1942. Already in 1950, the new capital surpassed the limit of fifty thousand inhabitants, the number for which the city was planned. Rapid expansion took place in the suburbs, the population increased to 700,000 in 1980. At present, the city hosts more than 1.3 million inhabitants.
GOIÂNIA (GO)
Goiânia City – Brazil HD
Goiânia City – Brazil HD | part 2
Goiânia – A Capital Verde
Goiânia – Goiás – Brasil (Nova Versão)
Historia de Goiânia
Goiânia sua construçao.
1930
Military coup against President Washington Luis.
Washington Luis Pereira de Sousa, born in Macaé (RJ), was installed as president of Brazil on 15 November 1926. The 1930 elections resulted in a victory of Julio Prestes, the candidate appointed by Washington Luis to be his successor. However, the opposition accused the government of fraud during the elections. The state of Minas Gerais (president Washington Luis was the ultimate president of the so-called café-com-leite politics, which resulted in silent agreements of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais of each other’s candidates for the presidency) sensed that it was no longer respected as fully equal state by São Paulo. They started to support the opposition formed by the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba (‘Aliança Libertora’). Their presidential candidate was Getúlio Vargas, with João Pessoa as vice-president. The murder of João Pessoa aggravated the political crisis. The coup leaders formed a three-men junta, and ruled for ten days only. They then handed over the power to Getúlio Vargas, who was installed as president of Brazil on 3 November. The coup against Washington Luis marked the end of ‘República Velha’ (Old Republic).
1930 REVOLUTION
1930,tempo de revolução
1930, A Revolução de 30 Inicia a Era de Vargas – Testemunha da História
Revolução de 30 – parte 01 (De lá pra cá – TV Brasil)
Revolução de 30 – parte 02 (De lá pra cá – TV Brasil)
1896
Creation of the General Staff of the Army (Estado Maior do Exército)
The EME was created by Lei (Act) 403 and ratified by President Prudente de Morais, in order to reform the army into a modern institution, with the capability to defend the nation and to maintain the laws within the nation. Its headquarters are located in Brasília. One of the notable commanders was dictatorial president Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco.
1932
Birth of journalist and cartoonist Ziraldo Alves Ponto, creator of ‘Menino Maluquinho’
Ziraldo was born in Caratinga, Minas Gerais. He stated his career in the Fifties with cartoons and drawings in various newspapers and magazines. Ziraldo became famous when the first cartoon magazine with drawings from only one cartoonist was issued: ‘A Turma do Pererê’. During the military dictatorship, he was one of the founders of a non-conformist magazine: ‘O Pasquim’. His cartoons had a more adult style, he gained many fans. In 1969, his first children’s book was published: ‘FLICTS’. From 1979, he dedicated himself to children’s books only. In 1980, Ziraldo created ‘O Menino Maluquinho’ , which had become one of the most famous fictional characters in Brazil. His works have been translated into various languages, including English, French, German, and Spanish.
ZIRALDO & MENINO MALUQUINHO
Roda Viva com Ziraldo
Ziraldo – Programa do Jô
Menino Maluquinho: O Filme (1994)
Filme – Menino Maluquinho 2, A Aventura (1997)
1968
Machine gun attack on Dom Helder Câmara’s residence.
The attack was performed by a group of government supporters, since Dom Helder was.fiercely opposed against the military dictatorship. The residence, Igreja das Fronteiras, was attacked by a group of four armed and masked men, at 3 am. While they were shooting at the church wall, they shouted “Morte ao arcebispo vermelho, Arcebispo de Moscou” (Death to the red arch bishop, arch bishop of Moscow). IT was the second attack in only one week, while Dom Helder was traveling. The journal attributed the attacks to the organization ‘Comando de Caça aos Comunistas (CCC; Command of Communist Hunters). Dom Helder, born on 7 February 1909 in Fortaleza, was arch bishop in Recife from 1964 until 1985. He died in 1999. Dom Helder was nominated four times for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1970, president Ernesto Medici gave the Brazilian ambassador in Norway personal instructions to attempt to block the prize for the arch bishop.
DOM HELDER CÂMARA
DOM HELDER CAMARA – O SANTO REBELDE
O Herói Dom Hélder Câmara: ” Pai dos Pobres e Irmão de João Paulo II”.
Ditadura e Dom Hélder Câmara.
Dom Hélder Câmara e as obras sociais.
1983
Vandalism at train station Ermelino Matarazzo in the Eastern Zone of the City of São Paulo, by a group of five thousand people.
The group acted violently because of the train delay of 26 minutes. On 17 September 2012, the train station again suffered vandalism by a group of 2000 people. The train station is located at Linha 12 Safira, which is considered as problematic. Recently, train stations, including Comendador Ermelino, have been modernized.
Inside Brazil 
