Brazilian Days (018): January 18

Brazilian Days 018 

January 18

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DAY OF:

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Dia Internacional do Riso

(International Smile Day). The World Smile Day, created in 1963, is on the first Friday in October. This day is founded by the World Smile Cooperation, which was owned by Harvey Ball (1921-2001), creator of the smiley. The Brazilian Smile Day is on 6 November. However, the International Smile Day is also marked on 18 January, according to various Brazilian sources.
When we smile, we use 12 facial muscles, and when we laugh we move 24 muscles. When we talk and laugh at the same time, we use 84 muscles. Meanwhile, the laugh is not restricted to the face, it involves the entire body. According to dermatologists, laughing slows down the appearance of facial wrinkles.

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1696
Creation of Freguesia de São João Batista de Icaraí (now district within Niterói, RJ), by Alvará.

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1823
Creation of Batalhão do Imperador (Imperial Batallion) by emperor Dom Pedro I

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1892
Inauguration of the first sugar factory in the state of Alagoas.

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1913
Inauguration of the cable train track Morro da Urca – Pão de Açúcar, Rio de Janeiro.

This track is the second part of the track Urca – Pão de Açúcar.

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1951
Getúlio Vargas proclaimed president of Brazil, by the Justiça Eleitoral (electoral court).

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1965
Decree defined 9 June as  ‘Dia Nacional de Anchieta ‘ (National Anchieta Day).

The day refers to the death of Padre (father) Anchieta on 9 June 1597. Padre Anchieta was one of the founders of the cities of São Paulo (1554) and Rio de Janeiro (1565).

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1980
Bomb deactivated in Leonel Brizola’s apartment in  Hotel Everest, Rio de Janeiro.

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1984
Launch of presidential election campaign of candidate Paulo Maluf.

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1985
Athlete Joaquim Cruz elected as best Latin American Athlete 1984.

This was announced by Federação Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Jornalistas Desportivos (Latin American and Caribbean Federation of Sports Journalists)

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1988
End of energy rationing in the Northeast.

The rationing of electric energy had started on 1 March 1987.

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2000
Oil leakage in Guanabara Bay

About 1.3 million liters of oil was leaked in the bay. Petrobrás was held responsible for this leakage.

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2001
Vasco da Gama Brazilian Soccer Champion 2000.

That year, the competition was called Copa João Havelange. No less than 116 teams entered this competition at 4 different levels. The final was between São Caetano (SP) and Vasco da Gama (RJ). The first match had ended in a 1-1 draw. The second match, on 30 december 2000, was interrupted when a separation fence collapsed and caused more than 150 wounded. The replay of the second match was on 18 January, and resulted in a 3-1 victory for Vasco, gaining their fourth national title.

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2005
Start of Ano do Brasil (Year of Brazil) in France. 

In Brazil, Ano da França (Year of France) was in 2009.

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2007
First Taça das Nações Indígenas de Futebol (Indigenous Nations’ Soccer Cup) in Juiz de Fora (MG).

The cup was disputed by 19 Brazilian ethnic indian tribes. The 26 matches resulted in 100 goals. Winner was Xerente of the state of Tocantins.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (003): January 3

Brazilian Days 003 

January 3
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DAY OF:

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Dia do Juiz de Menores
(Juvenile judge)

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1558
Installation of Mem de Sá as Governor-general of Brazil

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1615
French colonists ousted from Maranhão by the Portuguese.

  

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1898
Brazilian politician Luís Carlos Prestes became Secretary-General of the Partido Comunista Brasileiro (Brazilian Communist Party).

  

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1938
Nationwide broadcast of the radio program ‘A Hora do Brasil’.

The program, already on air since 22 July 1935 under the name ‘A Voz do Brasil’, and regained the original name on 6 September 1946.

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1959

Start of the production of Volkswagen Beetle in Brazil.

In Brazil, this brand is called ‘Fusca’.

  

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1983
First broadcast of Praça TV, by Rede Globo.

  

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1983
First broadcast of Bom Dia Brasil, by Globo.

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1984
Departure of ‘Barão de Teffé’, a Brazilian research vessel, to Antarctica, in order to establish the first Brazilian research station on the continent.

  

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1987
Aviation accident in Ivory Coast involving an airplane of Varig.

Varig flight 797, with a Boeing 707, had departed from Abidjan (Ivory Coast) on its way to Rio de Janeiro. Soon after the departure, there were problems with one of the motors. When returning to the airport, the plane crashed in the jungle, at 18 km from the airport. There was only one survivor of the 39 passengers and 12 crew members.

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2005
The city of Criciúma (Santa Catarina) hit by a tornado.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (364): December 30

Brazilian Days 364

December 30

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DAY OF:

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…

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1905
Creation of the third, and actual, Banco do Brasil

On 12 October 1808, Dom João VI, King of Portugal, opened the first Banco do Brasil in Rio de Janeiro. He and his family were in exile during the French occupation of Portugal. In 1853, the second Banco do Brasil was opened, as a result of the merger between Banco do Brasil de Mauá (former first Banco do Brasil) with Banco Comercial do Rio de Janeiro. Per decree 1.455 of 30 December 1905, Banco do Brasil was created again, and was reopened on 3 July the following year.

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1992
Suspension of political rights of former president Fernando Collor, by the Senate.

  

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1937
Decree by President Getúlio Vargas transformed the political parties into beneficiary and cultural societies.

 

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2014

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Brazilian Days (337): December 3

Brazilian Days 337

December 3

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Selecionador de Pessoal

(Headhunter).

  

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Dia Internacional dos Deficientes Físico

(International Day of People with Disability). In 1976, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 1981 as the International Year of Disabled People, and the period 1983-1992 as the Decade of Disabled Peoples. Since 1992, 3 December is promoted as the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. Over one billion people, about 15 percent of the world’s population, live with some form of disability. Most of them face physical, social, economic and attitudinal barriers that exclude them from participating fully and effectively as equal members of society. In 2006, the Convention on the Rights of People with Disability was adopted by the UN General Assembly. The Convention is intended as a human rights instrument with an explicit, development dimension.

Theme for 2013:
“Break Barriers, Open Doors: for an inclusive society and development for all”

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1990
Death of actress Henriette Morineau (1908-1990)

Henriette Fernande Zoé Morineau was born in Niort, France. She quickly became interested in literature and its interpretation. She started to have drama classes, and in 1926, she started a tour through France, with Comédie Française. Three years later, Henriette made a tour through various European countries, and met Georges Mourineau. She married him, when she arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1930. In 1942, she participated in a tour through South America, with a repertoire of five theater pieces. In 1946, she founded the company Os Artistas Unidos, which organized theater pieces  for children and adults. Henriette also acted in movies such as ‘O Comprador de Fazendas’ (1951), ‘Presença da Anita’ (1951), and a TV series ‘Água Viva’ (1980).

  

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2000
First place in ATP World Ranking for Gustavo Kuerten.

Guga reached the first place after his victory against André Agassi in the Master Cup, in Lisbon.

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1530
Departure of Martim Afonso de Sousa, from Lisbon.

Martim became the founder of the first city in Brazil: São Vicente (SP), on 21 January 1532.

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1902
Death of President Prudente de Moraes.

The third president, and the first directly elected, died in Piracicaba (SP), at the age of 61. Prudente succeeded Floriano Peixoto on 15 November 1894 as President of Brazil, and stayed in office until the end of his mandate on 15 November 1898.

  

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1904
Birth of Roberto Marinho, former owner of Organizações Globo.

Roberto Marinho was one of the participating lieutenants in the 1922 Copacabana Revolt, but he left the fortress early. He inherited Globo newspaper, founded by his father Irineu in 1925. The radio division (Rádio Globo) was founded in 1944. On 26 April 1965, Roberto founded Rede Globo, with has become the largest broadcast corporation in Brazil, and the second largest in the world. His son Roberto Irineu Marinho (1947) became the new owner in 2003.

    

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1937
Dissolution of Ação Integralista by President Getúlio Vargas.

  

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1994
Dayvison André da Silva, 13 years, managed to escape from his prison

Dayvison was kept prisoner in the prison for two years and six months, in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, em São Paulo.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (328): November 24

Brazilian Days 328

November 24

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DAY OF:

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Dia Mundial do Vovô

(Grandfather). In Brazil, the grandparent’s day was celebrated on 26 July, the feast day of the saints Ana and Joaquim, parents of Maria, grandparents of Jesus. Some sources mention 26 July as Dia da Vovó (grandmother) and 24 November as Dia do Vovô (grandfather).

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Dia Nacional dos Rios

(Rivers).

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Dia do Quadro Auxiliar de Oficiais

(Officers’ Support Unit). This army unit was created per presidential decree (84.333) on 20 December 1979. Antônio João Ribeiro had been chosen as patron of this army unit. Lieutenant Antônio João Ribeiro, born on 23 November 1823, was leading a small reconnaissance unit of 15 soldiers, in order to gather information of the advancing Paraguayan invasion army, at the start of the Paraguayan War. He ordered to have the civilians evacuated and fought against the invaders until his death on 29 December 1964. His famous words were:

Sei que morro, mas meu sangue e o dos meus companheiros servirá de protesto solene contra a invasão do solo de minha Pátria.
I know that I’ll die, but my blood and that of my comrades will serve as a solemn protest against the invasion of my motherland.

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1631
Olinda (PE) set on fire by Dutch invaders.

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1825
Departure of Dom Pedro I to participate in the Platina War, in Uruguay.

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1861
Birth of poet João Cruz e Sousa.

  

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1935
Soldiers of the ANL (Aliança Nacional Libertadora) seized power in Recife during the  Intentona Comunista (Communist Conspiracy),

Intentona Comunista, also known as Revolta Vermelha de 35 (the 1935 Red Uprising) or Levante Comunista (Comunist Uprising), started in November 1935 with a coup attempt against President Getúlio Vargas. The uprising started in Natal, extended to Recife, and ended in Rio de Janeiro. The ANL, led by Luis Carlos Prestes, gained little support from the people and the army. The rebels were defeated, and as a result the state of siege was declared by Vargas at the end of 1935. He managed to strengthen his power and remained in office until 1945

  

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1937
Federal intervention in all Brazilian states – except Minas Gerais – per decree by president Getúlio Vargas. 

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (315): November 11

Brazilian Days 315

November 11

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Armistício

(Armistice Day). Today, the end of the First World War (1914-1918) is commemorated. Brazil was not directly involved in this global war. There were large colonies of German migrants in Southern Brazil, and the Brazilian minister of Foreign Affairs – Lauro Muller- had German roots. However, German aggression also hit Brazil: off the French coast, the vessel ‘Paraná’ was torpedoed (5 April 1917). In Rio de Janeiro, German trade houses were invaded, and one week later, the German consul was forced to leave Brazil. On 26 October 1917, after the resignation of Muller, Brazil declared war to Germany. A Brazilian expedition force was organized, but at the time of the start of the expedition mission, the armistice was signed. The plan was to send the expedition force to Mesopotamia, because of the climate. Nevertheless, some missions were sent, and some soldiers were involved in a number of battles.

^{President Brás signed the Declaration of War source}

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Dia do Diretor de Escola

(School director). This day is on 11 or 12 November? Some research on the internet did not provide a clear answer. Even government sites show both dates. The school director, therefore, receives attention on both days.

^{Indeed: in Brazil, one may enter some course to become school director. source}

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1955
Deposition of President Carlos Luz by a military coup

Only three days earlier, Carlos Coimbra Luz (1894-1961), was installed as President. As head of the Chamber of Deputies, he was the next in line of succession. President João Café Filho decided, after more than one year (succeeding President Getúlio Vargas, after his suicide in 1954) to step down. On 11 November, Minister of Defense (Teixeira Lott), backed by the army, deposed Carlos Luz, since they feared that Carlos would not step down to make place for his elected successor: Juscelino Kubitschek. The military leaders put forward the chairman of the Senate, Nereu de Oliveira Ramos (1888-1958), as interim-president. Ramos stayed in office until 31 January 1956, when Kubitschek was installed as his successor.

     ^source
The five Brazilian presidents between 1954 and 1956
from left to right: Vargas, Café Filho, Luz, Ramos, Kubitschek

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1904
Start of the Vaccination Revolt in Rio de Janeiro.

Early 20th century, Rio de Janeiro was a dirty city. Many people, mainly migrants, died because of yellow fever, tuberculosis, and plague. President Francisco de Paulo Rodrigues Alves wanted to end this miserable situation. He called the expert assistance of Oswaldo Cruz, in order to improve the hygienic circumstances. Rio had undergone a recent metamorphosis: traditional dwellings were demolished in order to create space fro wide boulevards and small flats. Oswald worked thoroughly. Rat fighting teams were sent, and people were urge to remove garbage from the streets. In order to battle yellow fever, a legally mandatory vaccination program was introduced. The people did not see the effectiveness of the vaccination; rumors about the negative effects were spread around. They started revolts that lasted for a week, in Rio. Throughout the city, barricades were set up, and large groups were fighting with the police. As a result, about thirty people died in these clashes, and more than one hundred wounded, and one thousand captured. More than half of the captured were deported to Acre, near the Bolivian border, in order to work there. One a few returned afterwards.

Barricades in Rio

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (314): November 10

Brazilian Days 314

November 10

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Trigo

(Wheat). Wheat was the first crop that was grown by man. Wheat also gained religious status, by offering it to the God(s) in various religions. Wheat already was ground before the Greek era; the Greek and Romans improved grounding techniques. In 1534, wheat was imported in Brazil by the Portuguese. The expedition of Martim Afonso da Souza brought wheat grains to land, where they were first sown in the capitania of São Vicente.

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Dia do Ruralismo

(Rural life).

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Dia da Nota Fiscal

(Receipt). In Brazil, you need to receive a nota fiscal for every transaction or service. This receipt is also essential for the calculation of the taxes. Even a simple supermarket receipt contains separate tax percentages of all products. Since 2004, the Brazilian Ministry of Treasury stimulates the electronic version: Nota Fiscal Eletrônica (NF-e). On their web site one may read how many electronic receipts have been authorized (5.7 billion on 9 November 2012)

^bron

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Dia Nacional do Balconista

(Clerk). The Dia do Balconista was also held on 30 October.

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1975
Zionism is defined as a kind of racism, by the United Nations.

The Brazilian delegation supported this resolution 3379.

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1555
Arrival of the French expedition in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro.

ankomst van het Franse eskader, onder het commando van Nicolau Durand de Villegaignon, in de Baai van Guanabara. This expedition force was commanded by Nicolau Durand de Villegaignon. The location of future Rio de Janeiro was occupied by the French, who founded their colony French Antarctica. The settlement on Ilha de Serigipe was renamed into Henriville, honoring French king Henri III. Two years later, more French would arrive. Eventually, the French were ousted from Rio de Janeiro. It occurred in 1560, by  the Portuguese forces, commanded by MEm de Sá.

“Na ilhota de 100 léguas ou 30 mil metros quadrados, Villegaignon aportara em 10 de novembro de 1555 com duas naus, 140 homens, nenhuma mulher e um sonho: criar uma extensão tropical da França na Guanabara, seio do mar , na língua dos tamoios, indios moradores dali. Conseguiu. Os franceses, a maioria prisioneiros arrebanhados nas masmorras de Paris, se aliaram aos nativos. Juntos, construíram 19 casinhas de sapê com telhados de palha e duas pequenas fortalezas sobre os dois únicos montes de pedra da ilha.”
^source

 

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1864
Imperial vessel ‘Marquês de Olinda’ boarded by Paraguayan troops.

The crew was captured. This action, ordered by the Paraguayan government, headed by dictator Francisco Solano Lopez, became the start of the war of triple Alliance (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) against Paraguay. In 1870, following the death of the dictator, Paraguay surrendered. The small country suffered significantly during the war.

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1937
Installation of Getúlio Vargas as president of the Third Brazilian Republic, the Novo Estado.

Getúlio was the leader of the Revolution in 1930, which helped him in power.  In 1937, Getúlio accepted the presidency. He then dismantled the Congresso Nacional (Brazilian Congress). The dictatorial era of Vargas would last until 1945.

 

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1937
Announcement of the Third Republican Constitutional Law in Brazil.

Following the installation Getúlio Vargas as president, and the shut-down of the Congress, the new constitutional law was introduced. It would provide Getúlio more presidential powers. Political parties were forbidden, and decrees were issued, which ignited large-scale industrialization in Brazil.


^{Vargas reads the new
constitutional law.}

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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