Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

---

1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

---

1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

---

1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (250): September 7

Brazilian Days 250

September 7

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Pátria

(Homeland). A day that provides opportunity to reflect about the homeland. At the Brazilian Independence Day, the Brazilians can evaluate the errors of the past, analyze the present, and determine the goals for the future.

The Brazilian flag at the time of the proclamation
of independence

---

Dia da Proclamação da Independência do Brasil

(Brazilian Independence Day). See below. In thestate capitals, military parades are organized; the largest in federal capital Brasília, in the presence of the president.

SEPTEMBER 7 PARADES
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (1)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (2)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (3)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (4)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (5)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (6)
DESFILE DE 7 DE SETEMBRO EM 1975 – DITADURA MILITAR	DESFILE MILITAR DE 7 DE SETEMBRO – 1952

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1822
Declaration of Independence of Brazil.

When Napoleon invaded Spain and threatened to rush to Portugal in 1807, the Portuguese Royal Family left their country and crossed the Atlantic Ocean, to Salvador. King Dom João VI and his family and court members arrived there on January 22, 1808. One of the most important actions of the king was to open the Brazilian ports for befriended nations, which benefited the British Empire, suffering a blockade by the French. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, Brazil was elevated to kingdom in 1816, as part of the kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. In 1821, a mutiny was started among Portuguese soldiers in Rio de Janeiro, they demanded the return of the king to Portugal. In order to avoid a bloody civil war, Dom João returned. His son Pedro stayed in Brazil. On January 9, 1822, Pedro received a letter from the Portuguese Court with the order to return. Pedro answered with his legendary words:

“Se é para o bem de todos e felicidade geral da nação, diga ao povo que fico.”
“If it benefits the people and the general welfare of the nation, tell the people that I stay”

This day is known as the Dia do Fico. Pedro then took a number of measures that faced opposition from the Portuguese. He created the Constitutional Assembly, organized the navy, and sent the Portuguese troops back to Portugal. The Portuguese Court declared the Constitutional Assembly as illegal and demanded Pedro to return to Lisbon at once. Pedro received this message when he was traveling from Santos to São Paulo. Near the Ipiranga River, Pedro removed the Portuguese colors from his hat, bared his chest, aimed his sable in the air, and shouted, witnessed by 38 people the following legendary words:

” Independência ou Morte!”.
“ Independence or Death!”

Now the independence of Brazil was a fact. The first nations that recognized the newborn nation, where the United States and Mexico. Portugal followed much later, after a bloody war and after mediation by the British Empire. Brazil had to take over the debts of Portugal to the British Empire, a value of two million pounds. This strengthened the social inequality in Brazil, and maintained slavery, in order to pay off the huge debt.

 ^source

BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE
7 de Setembro: A Independência do Brasil	Independencia ou Morte 1972 – Independencia do Brasil
independência ou morte parte 01 / independence to death	independência ou morte parte 02 / independence to death
Modern World History Project – Independence of Brazil
Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 01	Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 02

---

1895
Official opening of Museu Paulista.

At the site of the proclamation of the Brazilian independence by Dom Pedro, at the margin of the Ipiranga River, a monument was constructed, after more than 65 years of quarreling. The museum is built in eclectic style, designed by the Italian architect Tommaso Gaudenzio Bezzi, and now hosts an elaborate collection, divided in three main themes: Cotidiano e Sociedade (Civilians and Society); Universo do Trabalho (Working World); História do Imaginário (Imagining History).

MUSEU PAULISTA
Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 1	Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 2
Projeção Mapeada Museu do Ipiranga	Museu Paulista USP
Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 1	Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 2

---

1922
First radio broadcast in Brazil.

Edgard Roquete Pinto (1884-1954), pioneer of the Brazilian radio, was responsible for the very first radio broadcast with the message of president Epitácio Pessoa, commemorating the first centenary of the Brazilian independence. For this opportunity, American technicians placed an antenna op the top of the Corcovado Rock in Rio de Janeiro, at the site where is now Cristo Redentor, one of the seven modern world wonders. This first radio message was received in Niterói, Petrópolis, the mountainous area of Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, Roquete was very impressed, he said the following words:

“Eis uma máquina importante para educar nosso povo”.
“[The radio] is an important technical machine to teach our people’.

Sound fragment about Roque Pinto
Sound fragment with Roque Pinto about the first day of broadcast

^{Pixinguinha and Roque Pinto}

RADIO IN BRAZIL
A história do Rádio	A História do Rádio no Brasil – Globo Repórter 1983 – Programa Completo
DOCUMENTARIO HISTORIA DO RADIO NO BRASIL	“A Era do Rádio”

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

---

1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

---

1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

---

1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (250): September 7

Brazilian Days 250

September 7

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Pátria

(Homeland). A day that provides opportunity to reflect about the homeland. At the Brazilian Independence Day, the Brazilians can evaluate the errors of the past, analyze the present, and determine the goals for the future.

The Brazilian flag at the time of the proclamation
of independence

---

Dia da Proclamação da Independência do Brasil

(Brazilian Independence Day). See below. In thestate capitals, military parades are organized; the largest in federal capital Brasília, in the presence of the president.

SEPTEMBER 7 PARADES
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (1)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (2)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (3)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (4)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (5)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (6)
DESFILE DE 7 DE SETEMBRO EM 1975 – DITADURA MILITAR	DESFILE MILITAR DE 7 DE SETEMBRO – 1952

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1822
Declaration of Independence of Brazil.

When Napoleon invaded Spain and threatened to rush to Portugal in 1807, the Portuguese Royal Family left their country and crossed the Atlantic Ocean, to Salvador. King Dom João VI and his family and court members arrived there on January 22, 1808. One of the most important actions of the king was to open the Brazilian ports for befriended nations, which benefited the British Empire, suffering a blockade by the French. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, Brazil was elevated to kingdom in 1816, as part of the kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. In 1821, a mutiny was started among Portuguese soldiers in Rio de Janeiro, they demanded the return of the king to Portugal. In order to avoid a bloody civil war, Dom João returned. His son Pedro stayed in Brazil. On January 9, 1822, Pedro received a letter from the Portuguese Court with the order to return. Pedro answered with his legendary words:

“Se é para o bem de todos e felicidade geral da nação, diga ao povo que fico.”
“If it benefits the people and the general welfare of the nation, tell the people that I stay”

This day is known as the Dia do Fico. Pedro then took a number of measures that faced opposition from the Portuguese. He created the Constitutional Assembly, organized the navy, and sent the Portuguese troops back to Portugal. The Portuguese Court declared the Constitutional Assembly as illegal and demanded Pedro to return to Lisbon at once. Pedro received this message when he was traveling from Santos to São Paulo. Near the Ipiranga River, Pedro removed the Portuguese colors from his hat, bared his chest, aimed his sable in the air, and shouted, witnessed by 38 people the following legendary words:

” Independência ou Morte!”.
“ Independence or Death!”

Now the independence of Brazil was a fact. The first nations that recognized the newborn nation, where the United States and Mexico. Portugal followed much later, after a bloody war and after mediation by the British Empire. Brazil had to take over the debts of Portugal to the British Empire, a value of two million pounds. This strengthened the social inequality in Brazil, and maintained slavery, in order to pay off the huge debt.

 ^source

BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE
7 de Setembro: A Independência do Brasil	Independencia ou Morte 1972 – Independencia do Brasil
independência ou morte parte 01 / independence to death	independência ou morte parte 02 / independence to death
Modern World History Project – Independence of Brazil
Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 01	Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 02

---

1895
Official opening of Museu Paulista.

At the site of the proclamation of the Brazilian independence by Dom Pedro, at the margin of the Ipiranga River, a monument was constructed, after more than 65 years of quarreling. The museum is built in eclectic style, designed by the Italian architect Tommaso Gaudenzio Bezzi, and now hosts an elaborate collection, divided in three main themes: Cotidiano e Sociedade (Civilians and Society); Universo do Trabalho (Working World); História do Imaginário (Imagining History).

MUSEU PAULISTA
Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 1	Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 2
Projeção Mapeada Museu do Ipiranga	Museu Paulista USP
Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 1	Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 2

---

1922
First radio broadcast in Brazil.

Edgard Roquete Pinto (1884-1954), pioneer of the Brazilian radio, was responsible for the very first radio broadcast with the message of president Epitácio Pessoa, commemorating the first centenary of the Brazilian independence. For this opportunity, American technicians placed an antenna op the top of the Corcovado Rock in Rio de Janeiro, at the site where is now Cristo Redentor, one of the seven modern world wonders. This first radio message was received in Niterói, Petrópolis, the mountainous area of Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, Roquete was very impressed, he said the following words:

“Eis uma máquina importante para educar nosso povo”.
“[The radio] is an important technical machine to teach our people’.

Sound fragment about Roque Pinto
Sound fragment with Roque Pinto about the first day of broadcast

^{Pixinguinha and Roque Pinto}

RADIO IN BRAZIL
A história do Rádio	A História do Rádio no Brasil – Globo Repórter 1983 – Programa Completo
DOCUMENTARIO HISTORIA DO RADIO NO BRASIL	“A Era do Rádio”

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

---

1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

---

1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

---

1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (250): September 7

Brazilian Days 250

September 7

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Pátria

(Homeland). A day that provides opportunity to reflect about the homeland. At the Brazilian Independence Day, the Brazilians can evaluate the errors of the past, analyze the present, and determine the goals for the future.

The Brazilian flag at the time of the proclamation
of independence

---

Dia da Proclamação da Independência do Brasil

(Brazilian Independence Day). See below. In thestate capitals, military parades are organized; the largest in federal capital Brasília, in the presence of the president.

SEPTEMBER 7 PARADES
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (1)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (2)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (3)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (4)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (5)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (6)
DESFILE DE 7 DE SETEMBRO EM 1975 – DITADURA MILITAR	DESFILE MILITAR DE 7 DE SETEMBRO – 1952

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1822
Declaration of Independence of Brazil.

When Napoleon invaded Spain and threatened to rush to Portugal in 1807, the Portuguese Royal Family left their country and crossed the Atlantic Ocean, to Salvador. King Dom João VI and his family and court members arrived there on January 22, 1808. One of the most important actions of the king was to open the Brazilian ports for befriended nations, which benefited the British Empire, suffering a blockade by the French. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, Brazil was elevated to kingdom in 1816, as part of the kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. In 1821, a mutiny was started among Portuguese soldiers in Rio de Janeiro, they demanded the return of the king to Portugal. In order to avoid a bloody civil war, Dom João returned. His son Pedro stayed in Brazil. On January 9, 1822, Pedro received a letter from the Portuguese Court with the order to return. Pedro answered with his legendary words:

“Se é para o bem de todos e felicidade geral da nação, diga ao povo que fico.”
“If it benefits the people and the general welfare of the nation, tell the people that I stay”

This day is known as the Dia do Fico. Pedro then took a number of measures that faced opposition from the Portuguese. He created the Constitutional Assembly, organized the navy, and sent the Portuguese troops back to Portugal. The Portuguese Court declared the Constitutional Assembly as illegal and demanded Pedro to return to Lisbon at once. Pedro received this message when he was traveling from Santos to São Paulo. Near the Ipiranga River, Pedro removed the Portuguese colors from his hat, bared his chest, aimed his sable in the air, and shouted, witnessed by 38 people the following legendary words:

” Independência ou Morte!”.
“ Independence or Death!”

Now the independence of Brazil was a fact. The first nations that recognized the newborn nation, where the United States and Mexico. Portugal followed much later, after a bloody war and after mediation by the British Empire. Brazil had to take over the debts of Portugal to the British Empire, a value of two million pounds. This strengthened the social inequality in Brazil, and maintained slavery, in order to pay off the huge debt.

 ^source

BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE
7 de Setembro: A Independência do Brasil	Independencia ou Morte 1972 – Independencia do Brasil
independência ou morte parte 01 / independence to death	independência ou morte parte 02 / independence to death
Modern World History Project – Independence of Brazil
Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 01	Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 02

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1895
Official opening of Museu Paulista.

At the site of the proclamation of the Brazilian independence by Dom Pedro, at the margin of the Ipiranga River, a monument was constructed, after more than 65 years of quarreling. The museum is built in eclectic style, designed by the Italian architect Tommaso Gaudenzio Bezzi, and now hosts an elaborate collection, divided in three main themes: Cotidiano e Sociedade (Civilians and Society); Universo do Trabalho (Working World); História do Imaginário (Imagining History).

MUSEU PAULISTA
Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 1	Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 2
Projeção Mapeada Museu do Ipiranga	Museu Paulista USP
Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 1	Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 2

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1922
First radio broadcast in Brazil.

Edgard Roquete Pinto (1884-1954), pioneer of the Brazilian radio, was responsible for the very first radio broadcast with the message of president Epitácio Pessoa, commemorating the first centenary of the Brazilian independence. For this opportunity, American technicians placed an antenna op the top of the Corcovado Rock in Rio de Janeiro, at the site where is now Cristo Redentor, one of the seven modern world wonders. This first radio message was received in Niterói, Petrópolis, the mountainous area of Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, Roquete was very impressed, he said the following words:

“Eis uma máquina importante para educar nosso povo”.
“[The radio] is an important technical machine to teach our people’.

Sound fragment about Roque Pinto
Sound fragment with Roque Pinto about the first day of broadcast

^{Pixinguinha and Roque Pinto}

RADIO IN BRAZIL
A história do Rádio	A História do Rádio no Brasil – Globo Repórter 1983 – Programa Completo
DOCUMENTARIO HISTORIA DO RADIO NO BRASIL	“A Era do Rádio”

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (267): September 24

Brazilian Days 267

September 24

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Soldador

(Welder). As mentioned in the episode of 23 September, there is some confusion about the exact date? 22, 23, or 24 September? Most websites mention 23 September.

SOLDADOR
Treinamento de Soldadores	Eu faço o que sou. Eu sou o que faço. Soldador | SENAI

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1834
Death of Dom Pedro I, in the Queluz Palace (Lisbon, Portugal).

Pedro de Alcântara Francisco Antônio João Carlos Xavier de Paula Miguel Rafael Joaquim José Gonzaga Pascoal Cipriano Serafim de Bragança e Bourbon was born in Queluz Palace on 12 October 1812. His father, Dom João VI, was king of Portugal. The king and his family had to leave Portugal due to the imminent invasion of the troops of Napoleon in 1808, they went to Brazil. The king left the Portuguese colony in 1821, by his son Pedro stayed (`Fico!`), and one year later, he declared the Brazilian independence (`Independência ou morte!`) . In 1817, Pedro married  Carolina Maria Leopoldina of Austria, and after her death in 1826, he married Amélie de Beauharnais von Leuchtenberg, sister of the husband of his daughter Maria, in 1829. Following the death of his father in 1826, Pedro declared himself king of Portugal, as Pedro IV. He reigned less than three months. Pedro appointed his brother Miguel as regent, and his seven-year-old daughter Maria as future queen of Portugal His indecisiveness whether to stay in Brazil or Portugal damaged his popularity. In 1831, Pedro decided to abdicate, to his five-year-old son Pedro II. Pedro I returned to Portugal, where he was involved in a civil war. He was fighting against his brother Miguel, and had the intention to have his daughter  Maria da Glória on the Portuguese throne. Miguel was defeated in 1832. Pedro contracted tuberculosis, and died in 1834, in the same hall, where he was born 35 years ago. In 1972, his mortal remains were reburied in the Ipiranga Museum in São Paulo.

DOM PEDRO I
DOM PEDRO I, o Príncipe Imperador – série ‘1808, a Corte no Brasil’	Dom Pedro I – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
O coração de D. Pedro I, do Brasil, IV de Portugal	A Abdicação de D. Pedro I
Dom Miguel: o irmão reservado de Dom Pedro	A cripta de Dom Pedro I

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1972
Newspaper ‘O Estado de São Paulo’ ignored censure, and published about Guerrilha do Araguaia.

In 1972, Brazil was suffering the harshness of the military dictatorship. Resistance against the dictators was hardly organized, thanks to infiltration within the resistance movements and large-scale arrests. One of the resistance movements had a communist signature, and wanted to initiate a revolution, and to create a model state such as Cuba and China. This guerrilla group had an encampment in what is now the state of Tocantins, and consisted of one hundred members at most, divided into smaller armed units. One fifth of the men were small farmers, almost half of the men were students. The guerilla group was by all socially active in the areas where they camped, and therefore, they gained respect from the locals. Before the group was ready to come into action, the army – in total five thousand soldiers were active in the search of them – traced them. Seven guerrilla members were killed, the others disappeared without leaving a trace. Later research has revealed that these 61 members presumably were tortured and killed. Their corpses and documents that could prove their identity have been destroyed systematically.

A guerrilha já deixou mortos e feridos entre os militares, mas a expressão “guerrilheiros” não é empregada. Os militares usam o termo “terroristas”, afastando, dessa forma, qualquer conotação aventureira ou romantica [sic], que a palavra guerrilheiro possa implicar
^{(O ESTADO DE S. PAULO, 24 set. 1972).}

Blog about Guerrilha do Araguaia

 

GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA
Guerrilha do Araguaia | 40 anos	Guerrilheiros do Araguaia
GUERRILHA DO ARAGUAIA A CONDENAÇÃO DO BRASIL NA CIDH	Camponeses do Araguaia: A Guerrilha vista por dentro Documentário Completo
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 1	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 2
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 3	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 4
Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 5	Guerrilha do Araguaia – Parte 6

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1989
World title for Emerson Fittipaldi in the Formula Indy discipline.

Emerson (1946) is a two-time world champion in the Formula One discipline (1972 and 1974). In 1989, Emerson became world champion in the Formula Indy discipline, on the circuit of Nazareth (USA). In 1993, Emerson claimed his second victory in the Indy 500 class.

INDY 500 1989
The finish of the 1989 Indy 500	The finish of the 1989 Indy 500

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1980
Creation of Parque Nacional do Jaú (Amazonas).

The park was created by presidential decree of president João Figueiredo. The park, which measures 2.272.000 hectares (more than half of the size of the Netherlands), is the larges jungle park in the world. The park counts no less seven different types of jungle vegetation. Access to the park is only able with direct permission from the Brazilian government. The name of the park refers to a fish species, which is present in the river that runs through the park: the Jaú. In 2000, the park was declared natural heritage by the UNESCO.

 

   

Video about the Jaú Park

JAÚ NATIONAL PARK
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 1	PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 2
PARQUE NACIONAL DO JAÚ parte 3	DOCTV BRASIL: Filhos do Jaú

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (250): September 7

Brazilian Days 250

September 7

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Pátria

(Homeland). A day that provides opportunity to reflect about the homeland. At the Brazilian Independence Day, the Brazilians can evaluate the errors of the past, analyze the present, and determine the goals for the future.

The Brazilian flag at the time of the proclamation
of independence

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Dia da Proclamação da Independência do Brasil

(Brazilian Independence Day). See below. In thestate capitals, military parades are organized; the largest in federal capital Brasília, in the presence of the president.

SEPTEMBER 7 PARADES
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (1)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (2)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (3)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (4)
Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (5)	Desfile 7 de setembro 2011 em Brasilia (6)
DESFILE DE 7 DE SETEMBRO EM 1975 – DITADURA MILITAR	DESFILE MILITAR DE 7 DE SETEMBRO – 1952

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1822
Declaration of Independence of Brazil.

When Napoleon invaded Spain and threatened to rush to Portugal in 1807, the Portuguese Royal Family left their country and crossed the Atlantic Ocean, to Salvador. King Dom João VI and his family and court members arrived there on January 22, 1808. One of the most important actions of the king was to open the Brazilian ports for befriended nations, which benefited the British Empire, suffering a blockade by the French. Napoleon was defeated in 1815, Brazil was elevated to kingdom in 1816, as part of the kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. In 1821, a mutiny was started among Portuguese soldiers in Rio de Janeiro, they demanded the return of the king to Portugal. In order to avoid a bloody civil war, Dom João returned. His son Pedro stayed in Brazil. On January 9, 1822, Pedro received a letter from the Portuguese Court with the order to return. Pedro answered with his legendary words:

“Se é para o bem de todos e felicidade geral da nação, diga ao povo que fico.”
“If it benefits the people and the general welfare of the nation, tell the people that I stay”

This day is known as the Dia do Fico. Pedro then took a number of measures that faced opposition from the Portuguese. He created the Constitutional Assembly, organized the navy, and sent the Portuguese troops back to Portugal. The Portuguese Court declared the Constitutional Assembly as illegal and demanded Pedro to return to Lisbon at once. Pedro received this message when he was traveling from Santos to São Paulo. Near the Ipiranga River, Pedro removed the Portuguese colors from his hat, bared his chest, aimed his sable in the air, and shouted, witnessed by 38 people the following legendary words:

” Independência ou Morte!”.
“ Independence or Death!”

Now the independence of Brazil was a fact. The first nations that recognized the newborn nation, where the United States and Mexico. Portugal followed much later, after a bloody war and after mediation by the British Empire. Brazil had to take over the debts of Portugal to the British Empire, a value of two million pounds. This strengthened the social inequality in Brazil, and maintained slavery, in order to pay off the huge debt.

 ^source

BRAZILIAN INDEPENDENCE
7 de Setembro: A Independência do Brasil	Independencia ou Morte 1972 – Independencia do Brasil
independência ou morte parte 01 / independence to death	independência ou morte parte 02 / independence to death
Modern World History Project – Independence of Brazil
Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 01	Fantástico – Independência do Brasil – parte 02

---

1895
Official opening of Museu Paulista.

At the site of the proclamation of the Brazilian independence by Dom Pedro, at the margin of the Ipiranga River, a monument was constructed, after more than 65 years of quarreling. The museum is built in eclectic style, designed by the Italian architect Tommaso Gaudenzio Bezzi, and now hosts an elaborate collection, divided in three main themes: Cotidiano e Sociedade (Civilians and Society); Universo do Trabalho (Working World); História do Imaginário (Imagining History).

MUSEU PAULISTA
Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 1	Espaço Documentário – Museu Paulista – parte 2
Projeção Mapeada Museu do Ipiranga	Museu Paulista USP
Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 1	Conhecendo Museus – Museu Paulista da USP – Parte 2

---

1922
First radio broadcast in Brazil.

Edgard Roquete Pinto (1884-1954), pioneer of the Brazilian radio, was responsible for the very first radio broadcast with the message of president Epitácio Pessoa, commemorating the first centenary of the Brazilian independence. For this opportunity, American technicians placed an antenna op the top of the Corcovado Rock in Rio de Janeiro, at the site where is now Cristo Redentor, one of the seven modern world wonders. This first radio message was received in Niterói, Petrópolis, the mountainous area of Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, Roquete was very impressed, he said the following words:

“Eis uma máquina importante para educar nosso povo”.
“[The radio] is an important technical machine to teach our people’.

Sound fragment about Roque Pinto
Sound fragment with Roque Pinto about the first day of broadcast

^{Pixinguinha and Roque Pinto}

RADIO IN BRAZIL
A história do Rádio	A História do Rádio no Brasil – Globo Repórter 1983 – Programa Completo
DOCUMENTARIO HISTORIA DO RADIO NO BRASIL	“A Era do Rádio”

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.