Brazilian Days (344): December 10

Brazilian Days 344

December 10

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Palhaço

(Day of the Clown). The International Clown Day is celebrated in various countries. In Peru, the day is celebrated on 25 May, and in Mexico and Brazil, it is celebrated on 10 December, while other countries have their clown day on 1 April. The idea of celebrating Clown Day in Brazil originated in São Paulo in 1981. In that year, Cia. Abracadraba, a traveling circus company, had Mexican clowns working, who wanted to have introduced their Mexican Clown Day in Brazil. Since then, Clown Day is celebrated in a growing number of cities.

 

  

---

Dia Universal dos Direitos Humanos

(Universal Day of Human Rights). Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1950, the Human Rights Day was introduced (Resolution 423). When the General Assembly adopted the Declaration, with 48 states in favor and eight abstentions, it was proclaimed as a “common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”, towards which individuals and societies should “strive by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance”. Although the Declaration with its broad range of political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights is not a binding document, it inspired more than 60 human rights instruments which together constitute an international standard of human rights.

2013 Theme:

20 Years Working for Your Rights

    

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1572
Division of Brazil in two administrative regions: North with Salvador as capital, and South with Rio de Janeiro as capital.

Earlier in 1572, governor Mem de Sá had died. His already appointed successor, D. Luís de Vasconcelos, had died in an attack by the French, when he was on the way to Brazil. In order to realize a better administration of the Brazilian colony, the Portuguese Crown decided to split the colony in two parts. However, this separation proved not to be sucessful, and Brazil was united again in 1578.

  

---

1825
Brazil declared war against the governments of the provinces of Rio da Prata (Cisplatina War).

---

1916
Introduction of conscription in Brazil.

---

1959
Jânio Quadros nominated as presidential candidate for the UDN party.

    

  

---

1981
Introduction of the Usucaption Law

A Brazilian worker who constructs a house and plant the area, which is smaller than 25 hectares, without any opposition against for five years, may consider himself as the owner of the area and the house.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (237): August 25

Brazilian Days 237

August 25

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Feirante

(Market trader). In 1914, a law was introduced, that markets were allowed, under the control of the city council. In 1934, ware other than food was allowed to be sold at the markets. There were strict conditions about the hygiene and the behavior of the market trader. In 1948, it was determined, (for example in São Paulo) that markets could be held from Tuesday to Sunday, from six in the morning until noon, and that everything must be clean at 3 PM, and that traffic may return in that street. It is understandable that locals are not always that happy to have market traders in front of their doors.

^{Market trader in Curitiba}

FEIRANTE
Especial Dia do Feirante	Dia do feirante
Documentário – Vida de Feirante	Vida de Feirante

---

Dia do Exército Brasileiro e do Soldado

(Brazilian army and soldier). This day is a homage to the Duke of Caxias, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (1803-1880), who was born on this day. The Duke of Caxias is the patron of the Brazilian army. On August 25 1923, this day was introduced; in 1962, the duke was elected to be patron of the army. Motto of the Brazilian army is :

‘Braço forte, mão amiga”.
A strong arm, a helping hand.

YouTube Channel Brazilian Army

Short video about the Brazilian army

BRAZILIAN ARMY
ORDEM DO DIA DO SOLDADO	Dia do Soldado 2012
National Monument of WW II, Rio de Janeiro	Transposition of the São Francisco River
Guerreiros Brasileiros – Forças Armadas do Brasil	Brazilian army (FEB) in Italy
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 10/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 11/08/09
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 12/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 13/08/09
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 14/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 15/08/09

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1803
Birth of Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (1803-1880), Duque de Caxias.

The duke has gained the nickname “O pacificador”, the peacemaker. He was responsible for the repression of the revolts in the states of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, The duke reorganized the army, governed some sates (províncias at that time), and was three times prime minister of Brazil. But the army was his passion. Even at a respectable age, he commanded the army, like he did in Paraguay. He died at his fazenda in Rio de Janeiro.

DUQUE DE CAXIAS

Duque de Caxias – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

---

1822
Arrival of Dom Pedro, the Portuguese crown prince, in São Paulo.

The crown prince would declare independence of Brazil on September 7.

---

1961
President Jânio Quadros (1917-1992) resigned.

Jânio studied law and was teacher of Portuguese literature, when he was elected as the successor of Juscelino Kubitschek. On January 1961, Jãnio was installed as 17th president of the Brazilian Republic. He had to deal with the powerful governor of the state of Guanabara (later this state with Rio de Janeiro), who was a fierce opponent of Vargas and Kubitschek. Vargas committed suicide, the popular Kubitschek was not re-elected. Jânio could no longer withstand the pressure of governor Lacerda, and resigned. One day before, Lacerda stated that he was not about to put aside Jânio, and accused the minister of Justice of participating a conspiracy, which could have resulted in a coup. Following his resignation, Jãnio resumed teaching. At the time of the military dictatorship, he was put in prison for a short time, and he was blocked for political activities. Due to his weak health status, Jânio was not able to become presidential candidate in 1989. He suffered three CVAs, before he, totally paralyzed, died in 1992.

  

JÂNIO QUADROS
O Governo Jânio Quadros (1961)	50 ANOS DA POSSE DE JANIO QUADROS
Renúncia de Jânio Quadros (1/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 20/02/2011	Renúncia de Jânio Quadros (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 20/02/2011
Cultura Retrô – Jânio Quadros – 02/02/2012	Jânio Quadros (1986), after his election as mayor of São Paulo.

---

1961
Installation of Ranieri Mazzilli as president of Brazil.

Year 1961 was a year of many presidents: In order of appearance that year: Kubitschek, Quadros, Mazzilli, and Goulart. The power vacuum that Jãnio left behind after his resignation, should have been filled by his vice-president, João Goulart, nicknamed ‘Jango’. However, Jango was not in Brazil at that time; he was on a business trip in China. Ranieri Mazzilli, chairman of the parliament, was appointed as the temporary successor of Jãnio. Meanwhile, the ministers of War, Air Force, and Navy created an informally military junta, who – in vain – tried to block Goulart to be installed as president. There was an agreement: Mazzilli would hand over the presidency to Jango, fourteen days later. Three years later, Mazzilli was president again, for another fourteen days, following the military coup that had put aside Goulart. Marshall Castelo Branco was then his successor. Mazzilli would suffer difficulties to continue his political career, when the military leaders blocked his candidacy to become chairman of the parliament again.

Mazzilli hands over the presidential
sash to Jango

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (138): May 18

Brazilian Days 138

May 18

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional dos Museus
(International Museum Day). The International Council of Museums (ICOM) established International Museum Day in 1977 to encourage public awareness of the role of museums in the development of society.

“Museums are an important means of cultural exchange, enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among peoples”.

Theme for 2013:
“Museums (Memory + Creativity) = Social Change”

General themes:

• Informal education structures. Museums educate in a recreational way; they are places of initiation without obligation that foster knowledge through continually renewed means.

• A social space rooted in its territory. Museums play a role in the identity and dynamism of their territory. Through their action, they contribute to promote the past of their territory and build its future.

• An intergenerational link. Museums keep the relationship between a community and its history alive. They are spaces for dialogue between generations.

• Displaying heritage in a modern way. Museums have quickly been able to seize the communication and mediation opportunities offered by new media and have broken away from the old-fashion image they once had.

• Innovative practices for a better conservation. Conservation devices are improving and the museum is becoming a real laboratory where work techniques continue to evolve.

BRAZILIAN MUSEUMS
História dos Museus	Ibram realiza atividades diversificadas para celebrar o Dia Internacional dos Museus

---

Dia das Raças Indígenas da América
(Day of Indigenous American Races) On this day, attention is paid to the indigenous people on the American continent. Brazilian Indian tribes are among others: Kuikuro, Tupi (Asurini, Guarani, Araweté), Kayapó, Panará, Krahô, Xerente, Xavante, Kaingang, Timbira, Bororo, Kayabi, Terena, Desana, Tupinambá, Kaxinawa, Tukano, Yanomami, Trumai, Andirá, Tapajós, Kaapor, Tiryó, Wanana, Karipuna, Omaguá.

 

---

Dia do Vidraceiro/ Dia do Vidreiro
(Glazier). There is another ‘Dia do Vidreiro’ on 10 August.

---

Dia Nacional do Combate à Exploração Sexual das Crianças e dos Adolescentes
(Combat against Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents)

---

Dia Nacional do Petroquímico
(Petrochemical Engineer).

---

Dia Nacional da Luta Antimanicomial
(Combat against Mental Diseases). Attention is paid to tens of thousands of people with mental diseaes in Brazil who are forced to remain in closed establishments.

COMBAT AGAINST MENTAL DISEASES
18 de Maio dia Nacional da LUTA ANTIMANICOMIAL	Dia 18 de Maio – O dia da luta antimanicomial
Ver TV – Luta Antimanicomial na TV (parte 01)	Ver TV – Luta Antimanicomial na TV (parte 02)

---

Dia da Girafa
(Giraffe!).

 

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1999
Death of writer and playwright Alfredo Dias Gomes

---

1987
Death of painter Jorge Guinle Filho

---

1980
Foundation of  Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT; Democratic Workers’ Party) by Leonel Brizola.

 

---

1930
‘Graf Zeppelin’ airship departed to Brazil

---

1961
Cockfights prohibited by President Jânio Quadros

---

1994
Murder of Machiki Suzukawa, Japanese consul in Belém (PA)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (047): February 16

Brazilian Days 047

February 16

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Repórter
(Reporter)

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1630
Dutch troops, commanded by Diederik van Waerdenburch, entered Olinda (PE)

---

1867:
Inauguration of the first Estação da Luz (energy plant) in São Paulo.

---

1867
Official inauguration of the railway Santos – Jundiaí (SP)

  

---

1949
Creation of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

  

---

1957
Ban of Rock ´n Roll in all clubs in São Paulo, by governor Jânio Quadros 

---

1964
Birth of soccer player José Roberto Gama de Oliveira, better known as Bebeto

---

1977
Condemnation of torture in Brazil by the International Commission of Catholic Jurists. 

---

1984
More than sixty thousand people protested in five major Brazilian cities for direct presidential elections. 

---

1992
Death of politician Jânio da Silva Quadros (1917-1992)

---

2000
Death of scientist Carlos Chagas Filho

---

2003
Big fire at chemical plant of Genco in Guarulhos (SP)

---

2004
Death of comedian Francisco Flaviano de Almeida, better known as Simplício

  

---

2007
Collision between a coach and a truck caused 14 deaths at Ponte Nova (MG)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015.
.

 

Brazilian Days (031): January 31

Brazilian Days 031 

January 31

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Mundial do Mágico

(World Magician’s Day). The day refers to the death of São João Bosco, who was magician in his life. He was canonized in 1934, and elected patron saint of the magicians.

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1946
Inauguration of Dutra as president of Brazil. 

He was the first to wear a uniform during the ceremony.

---

1948
Explosion of a train wagon carrying five tons of dynamite at Cerquilho (SP).

---

1951
Start of the second mandate of Getúlio Vargas as president of Brazil.

---

1951
Juscelino Kubitschek inaugurated as governor of the state of Minas Gerais.

---

1956
Juscelino Kubitschek inaugurated as president of Brazil.

---

1961
Jânio Quadros inaugurated as president of Brazil.

He stepped down on 25 August 1961.

---

1987
Carlos Drummond de Andrade’s last poem :”Elegia a um tucano morto”

---

1989
Substitution of the cruzado by cruzado novo as Brazilian currency unit, by Lei nº 773

  

---

2008
Inauguration of the monument at Apucarana (PR).

The monument represents a nine meter high hat.

  

---

2008
Samba school Viradouro prohibited to use Adolf Hitler as theme during carnival in Rio de Janeiro.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (344): December 10

Brazilian Days 344

December 10

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Palhaço

(Day of the Clown). The International Clown Day is celebrated in various countries. In Peru, the day is celebrated on 25 May, and in Mexico and Brazil, it is celebrated on 10 December, while other countries have their clown day on 1 April. The idea of celebrating Clown Day in Brazil originated in São Paulo in 1981. In that year, Cia. Abracadraba, a traveling circus company, had Mexican clowns working, who wanted to have introduced their Mexican Clown Day in Brazil. Since then, Clown Day is celebrated in a growing number of cities.

 

  

---

Dia Universal dos Direitos Humanos

(Universal Day of Human Rights). Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1950, the Human Rights Day was introduced (Resolution 423). When the General Assembly adopted the Declaration, with 48 states in favor and eight abstentions, it was proclaimed as a “common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”, towards which individuals and societies should “strive by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance”. Although the Declaration with its broad range of political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights is not a binding document, it inspired more than 60 human rights instruments which together constitute an international standard of human rights.

2013 Theme:

20 Years Working for Your Rights

    

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1572
Division of Brazil in two administrative regions: North with Salvador as capital, and South with Rio de Janeiro as capital.

Earlier in 1572, governor Mem de Sá had died. His already appointed successor, D. Luís de Vasconcelos, had died in an attack by the French, when he was on the way to Brazil. In order to realize a better administration of the Brazilian colony, the Portuguese Crown decided to split the colony in two parts. However, this separation proved not to be sucessful, and Brazil was united again in 1578.

  

---

1825
Brazil declared war against the governments of the provinces of Rio da Prata (Cisplatina War).

---

1916
Introduction of conscription in Brazil.

---

1959
Jânio Quadros nominated as presidential candidate for the UDN party.

    

  

---

1981
Introduction of the Usucaption Law

A Brazilian worker who constructs a house and plant the area, which is smaller than 25 hectares, without any opposition against for five years, may consider himself as the owner of the area and the house.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (237): August 25

Brazilian Days 237

August 25

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Feirante

(Market trader). In 1914, a law was introduced, that markets were allowed, under the control of the city council. In 1934, ware other than food was allowed to be sold at the markets. There were strict conditions about the hygiene and the behavior of the market trader. In 1948, it was determined, (for example in São Paulo) that markets could be held from Tuesday to Sunday, from six in the morning until noon, and that everything must be clean at 3 PM, and that traffic may return in that street. It is understandable that locals are not always that happy to have market traders in front of their doors.

^{Market trader in Curitiba}

FEIRANTE
Especial Dia do Feirante	Dia do feirante
Documentário – Vida de Feirante	Vida de Feirante

---

Dia do Exército Brasileiro e do Soldado

(Brazilian army and soldier). This day is a homage to the Duke of Caxias, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (1803-1880), who was born on this day. The Duke of Caxias is the patron of the Brazilian army. On August 25 1923, this day was introduced; in 1962, the duke was elected to be patron of the army. Motto of the Brazilian army is :

‘Braço forte, mão amiga”.
A strong arm, a helping hand.

YouTube Channel Brazilian Army

Short video about the Brazilian army

BRAZILIAN ARMY
ORDEM DO DIA DO SOLDADO	Dia do Soldado 2012
National Monument of WW II, Rio de Janeiro	Transposition of the São Francisco River
Guerreiros Brasileiros – Forças Armadas do Brasil	Brazilian army (FEB) in Italy
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 10/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 11/08/09
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 12/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 13/08/09
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 14/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 15/08/09

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1803
Birth of Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (1803-1880), Duque de Caxias.

The duke has gained the nickname “O pacificador”, the peacemaker. He was responsible for the repression of the revolts in the states of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, The duke reorganized the army, governed some sates (províncias at that time), and was three times prime minister of Brazil. But the army was his passion. Even at a respectable age, he commanded the army, like he did in Paraguay. He died at his fazenda in Rio de Janeiro.

DUQUE DE CAXIAS

Duque de Caxias – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

---

1822
Arrival of Dom Pedro, the Portuguese crown prince, in São Paulo.

The crown prince would declare independence of Brazil on September 7.

---

1961
President Jânio Quadros (1917-1992) resigned.

Jânio studied law and was teacher of Portuguese literature, when he was elected as the successor of Juscelino Kubitschek. On January 1961, Jãnio was installed as 17th president of the Brazilian Republic. He had to deal with the powerful governor of the state of Guanabara (later this state with Rio de Janeiro), who was a fierce opponent of Vargas and Kubitschek. Vargas committed suicide, the popular Kubitschek was not re-elected. Jânio could no longer withstand the pressure of governor Lacerda, and resigned. One day before, Lacerda stated that he was not about to put aside Jânio, and accused the minister of Justice of participating a conspiracy, which could have resulted in a coup. Following his resignation, Jãnio resumed teaching. At the time of the military dictatorship, he was put in prison for a short time, and he was blocked for political activities. Due to his weak health status, Jânio was not able to become presidential candidate in 1989. He suffered three CVAs, before he, totally paralyzed, died in 1992.

  

JÂNIO QUADROS
O Governo Jânio Quadros (1961)	50 ANOS DA POSSE DE JANIO QUADROS
Renúncia de Jânio Quadros (1/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 20/02/2011	Renúncia de Jânio Quadros (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 20/02/2011
Cultura Retrô – Jânio Quadros – 02/02/2012	Jânio Quadros (1986), after his election as mayor of São Paulo.

---

1961
Installation of Ranieri Mazzilli as president of Brazil.

Year 1961 was a year of many presidents: In order of appearance that year: Kubitschek, Quadros, Mazzilli, and Goulart. The power vacuum that Jãnio left behind after his resignation, should have been filled by his vice-president, João Goulart, nicknamed ‘Jango’. However, Jango was not in Brazil at that time; he was on a business trip in China. Ranieri Mazzilli, chairman of the parliament, was appointed as the temporary successor of Jãnio. Meanwhile, the ministers of War, Air Force, and Navy created an informally military junta, who – in vain – tried to block Goulart to be installed as president. There was an agreement: Mazzilli would hand over the presidency to Jango, fourteen days later. Three years later, Mazzilli was president again, for another fourteen days, following the military coup that had put aside Goulart. Marshall Castelo Branco was then his successor. Mazzilli would suffer difficulties to continue his political career, when the military leaders blocked his candidacy to become chairman of the parliament again.

Mazzilli hands over the presidential
sash to Jango

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (138): May 18

Brazilian Days 138

May 18

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional dos Museus
(International Museum Day). The International Council of Museums (ICOM) established International Museum Day in 1977 to encourage public awareness of the role of museums in the development of society.

“Museums are an important means of cultural exchange, enrichment of cultures and development of mutual understanding, cooperation and peace among peoples”.

Theme for 2013:
“Museums (Memory + Creativity) = Social Change”

General themes:

• Informal education structures. Museums educate in a recreational way; they are places of initiation without obligation that foster knowledge through continually renewed means.

• A social space rooted in its territory. Museums play a role in the identity and dynamism of their territory. Through their action, they contribute to promote the past of their territory and build its future.

• An intergenerational link. Museums keep the relationship between a community and its history alive. They are spaces for dialogue between generations.

• Displaying heritage in a modern way. Museums have quickly been able to seize the communication and mediation opportunities offered by new media and have broken away from the old-fashion image they once had.

• Innovative practices for a better conservation. Conservation devices are improving and the museum is becoming a real laboratory where work techniques continue to evolve.

BRAZILIAN MUSEUMS
História dos Museus	Ibram realiza atividades diversificadas para celebrar o Dia Internacional dos Museus

---

Dia das Raças Indígenas da América
(Day of Indigenous American Races) On this day, attention is paid to the indigenous people on the American continent. Brazilian Indian tribes are among others: Kuikuro, Tupi (Asurini, Guarani, Araweté), Kayapó, Panará, Krahô, Xerente, Xavante, Kaingang, Timbira, Bororo, Kayabi, Terena, Desana, Tupinambá, Kaxinawa, Tukano, Yanomami, Trumai, Andirá, Tapajós, Kaapor, Tiryó, Wanana, Karipuna, Omaguá.

 

---

Dia do Vidraceiro/ Dia do Vidreiro
(Glazier). There is another ‘Dia do Vidreiro’ on 10 August.

---

Dia Nacional do Combate à Exploração Sexual das Crianças e dos Adolescentes
(Combat against Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents)

---

Dia Nacional do Petroquímico
(Petrochemical Engineer).

---

Dia Nacional da Luta Antimanicomial
(Combat against Mental Diseases). Attention is paid to tens of thousands of people with mental diseaes in Brazil who are forced to remain in closed establishments.

COMBAT AGAINST MENTAL DISEASES
18 de Maio dia Nacional da LUTA ANTIMANICOMIAL	Dia 18 de Maio – O dia da luta antimanicomial
Ver TV – Luta Antimanicomial na TV (parte 01)	Ver TV – Luta Antimanicomial na TV (parte 02)

---

Dia da Girafa
(Giraffe!).

 

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1999
Death of writer and playwright Alfredo Dias Gomes

---

1987
Death of painter Jorge Guinle Filho

---

1980
Foundation of  Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT; Democratic Workers’ Party) by Leonel Brizola.

 

---

1930
‘Graf Zeppelin’ airship departed to Brazil

---

1961
Cockfights prohibited by President Jânio Quadros

---

1994
Murder of Machiki Suzukawa, Japanese consul in Belém (PA)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (344): December 10

Brazilian Days 344

December 10

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Palhaço

(Day of the Clown). The International Clown Day is celebrated in various countries. In Peru, the day is celebrated on 25 May, and in Mexico and Brazil, it is celebrated on 10 December, while other countries have their clown day on 1 April. The idea of celebrating Clown Day in Brazil originated in São Paulo in 1981. In that year, Cia. Abracadraba, a traveling circus company, had Mexican clowns working, who wanted to have introduced their Mexican Clown Day in Brazil. Since then, Clown Day is celebrated in a growing number of cities.

 

  

---

Dia Universal dos Direitos Humanos

(Universal Day of Human Rights). Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1950, the Human Rights Day was introduced (Resolution 423). When the General Assembly adopted the Declaration, with 48 states in favor and eight abstentions, it was proclaimed as a “common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”, towards which individuals and societies should “strive by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance”. Although the Declaration with its broad range of political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights is not a binding document, it inspired more than 60 human rights instruments which together constitute an international standard of human rights.

2013 Theme:

20 Years Working for Your Rights

    

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1572
Division of Brazil in two administrative regions: North with Salvador as capital, and South with Rio de Janeiro as capital.

Earlier in 1572, governor Mem de Sá had died. His already appointed successor, D. Luís de Vasconcelos, had died in an attack by the French, when he was on the way to Brazil. In order to realize a better administration of the Brazilian colony, the Portuguese Crown decided to split the colony in two parts. However, this separation proved not to be sucessful, and Brazil was united again in 1578.

  

---

1825
Brazil declared war against the governments of the provinces of Rio da Prata (Cisplatina War).

---

1916
Introduction of conscription in Brazil.

---

1959
Jânio Quadros nominated as presidential candidate for the UDN party.

    

  

---

1981
Introduction of the Usucaption Law

A Brazilian worker who constructs a house and plant the area, which is smaller than 25 hectares, without any opposition against for five years, may consider himself as the owner of the area and the house.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (344): December 10

Brazilian Days 344

December 10

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Palhaço

(Day of the Clown). The International Clown Day is celebrated in various countries. In Peru, the day is celebrated on 25 May, and in Mexico and Brazil, it is celebrated on 10 December, while other countries have their clown day on 1 April. The idea of celebrating Clown Day in Brazil originated in São Paulo in 1981. In that year, Cia. Abracadraba, a traveling circus company, had Mexican clowns working, who wanted to have introduced their Mexican Clown Day in Brazil. Since then, Clown Day is celebrated in a growing number of cities.

 

  

---

Dia Universal dos Direitos Humanos

(Universal Day of Human Rights). Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1950, the Human Rights Day was introduced (Resolution 423). When the General Assembly adopted the Declaration, with 48 states in favor and eight abstentions, it was proclaimed as a “common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”, towards which individuals and societies should “strive by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance”. Although the Declaration with its broad range of political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights is not a binding document, it inspired more than 60 human rights instruments which together constitute an international standard of human rights.

2013 Theme:

20 Years Working for Your Rights

    

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1572
Division of Brazil in two administrative regions: North with Salvador as capital, and South with Rio de Janeiro as capital.

Earlier in 1572, governor Mem de Sá had died. His already appointed successor, D. Luís de Vasconcelos, had died in an attack by the French, when he was on the way to Brazil. In order to realize a better administration of the Brazilian colony, the Portuguese Crown decided to split the colony in two parts. However, this separation proved not to be sucessful, and Brazil was united again in 1578.

  

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1825
Brazil declared war against the governments of the provinces of Rio da Prata (Cisplatina War).

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1916
Introduction of conscription in Brazil.

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1959
Jânio Quadros nominated as presidential candidate for the UDN party.

    

  

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1981
Introduction of the Usucaption Law

A Brazilian worker who constructs a house and plant the area, which is smaller than 25 hectares, without any opposition against for five years, may consider himself as the owner of the area and the house.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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