Brazilian Days (247): September 4

Brazilian Days 247

September 4

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Serventuário

(Clerk). According to Lei 4.69 from 1986, this day was introduced. What is a serventuário? According the definition “Aquele que serve em emprego ou ofício. / Funcionário da justiça (escrivães, oficiais de registros públicos etc.).” In English: An assistant at a company or office / a court official.

 

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Dia Nacional do Eletricitário

(Electrician). There is a law proposal to introduce this as a national day. Congressman Luiz Antônio Fleury has written this proposal in 2004. His motivation for the proposal is the importance of electricians in the industrial development of Brazil. The date is not randomly chosen, but commemorates the foundation of the Sindicato dos Eletricitários de São Paulo, the union of electricians in São Paulo, in 1945. Their first victory was their Christmas gratification, later it became introduced nationally as the thirteenth month. There is another Dia do Electricitário, also introduced by law, in August 1990: it was decided to have this day on November 16. And even more confusion: there is a Dia do Electricitário on February 1, to commemorate the foundation of the Comissão Estadual de Energia Elétrica – CEEE: the state commission for electrical energy. You may conclude that electrician is a very important profession in Brazil.

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1843
Marriage of Emperor Dom Pedro II and Teresa Cristina Maria de Bourbon-Duas Sicílias.

Dona Teresa arrived in Brazil one day earlier. The couple was already married on May 30, but without the physical presence of the emperor. In Rio de Janeiro, the couple, now both physically present, were married again.

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1850
Abolition of slave trade after introduction of Lei (law) Eusébio de Queiroz (Lei 581).

Eusébio Queiroz (1812-1868) was born in Angola and moved to Brazil at the age of three. He graduated in Law, and initially worked as a congressman in Rio de Janeiro. As a congressman, Eusébio was responsible for three important laws: The Brazilian Trade, the Abolition of Slave Trade, the Abolition of the Trade of Blacks. Later he became minister several times, among which Justice minister. The law was introduced, due to diplomatic pressure of the British Empire, by the British minister of External Affairs, Lord Aberdeen. De Queiroz made big effort to have the law passed, since he was convinced that Brazil had to maintain its reputation as a sovereign nation. Within Brazil, there was a fierce opposition against the law, since a huge number of slaves was working at the coffee, sugar cane, and cotton plantations. Only in 1883, slavery was formally abolished in Brazil.

LEI DE QUEIRÓS

Trabalho de História

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1867
Birth of father José Joaquim de Campos da Costa Medeiros e Albuquerque (1867-1934), song writer of the hymn of the Proclamation of the Republic.

The hymn of the Proclamation of the Republic is not the national hymn, that is written by Francisco Manoel da Silva. Moreover, the national hymn became, at the centenary of the declaration of independence, the official hymn, in 1922. Father José had created a vast reputation as a writer, and has founded a seat (number ’22’) in the Brazilian Academy of Literature. Father José participated in a number of national debates, and experimented with hypnosis, psycho analysis, and occultism.

Hino da Proclamação Brasileira

Música: Leopoldo Miguez (1850/1902)
Letra: Medeiros e Albuquerque (1867/1934)

Seja um pálio de luz desdobrado.
Sob a larga amplidão destes céus
Este canto rebel que o passado
Vem remir dos mais torpes labéus!
Seja um hino de glória que fale
De esperança, de um novo porvir!
Com visões de triunfos embale
Quem por ele lutando surgir!

Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!

Nós nem cremos que escravos outrora
Tenha havido em tão nobre País…
Hoje o rubro lampejo da aurora
Acha irmãos, não tiranos hostis.
Somos todos iguais! Ao futuro
Saberemos, unidos, levar
Nosso augusto estandarte que, puro,
Brilha, avante, da Pátria no altar!

Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!

Se é mister que de peitos valentes
Haja sangue em nosso pendão,
Sangue vivo do herói Tiradentes
Batizou este audaz pavilhão!
Mensageiros de paz, paz queremos,
É de amor nossa força e poder
Mas da guerra nos transes supremos
Heis de ver-nos lutar e vencer!

Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!

Do Ipiranga é preciso que o brado
Seja um grito soberbo de fé!
O Brasil já surgiu libertado,
Sobre as púrpuras régias de pé.
Eia, pois, brasileiros avante!
Verdes louros colhamos louçãos!
Seja o nosso País triunfante,
Livre terra de livres irmãos!

Liberdade! Liberdade!
Abre as asas sobre nós!
Das lutas na tempestade
Dá que ouçamos tua voz!

HINO DA PROCLAMAÇÃO DA REPÚBLICA

Hino da Proclamação da República

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1930
Capital of the state of Paraíba is renamed after the on July 26 (1930) murdered João Pessoa.

The city has had a number of different names since its foundation in 1585:

Povoação de Nossa Senhora das Neves (1586);
Cidade de Nossa Senhora das Neves (1587);
Cidade de Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves (1588);
Frederiksstad (1635);
Cidade de Nossa Senhora das Neves (1654);
Cidade da Parahyba (1817);
Cidade de João Pessoa (1930).

The nickname of João Pessoa is: “the city with the first sunrise in Brazil”.

 

JOÃO PESSOA (PB)

Cores de João Pessoa

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1969
Kidnapping of the American ambassador in Brazil, Charles Burke Elbrick (1908-1983), by militants of MR-8.

MR-8 stands for Movimento Revolutionário de Oito de Outubro. The revolutionary movement of October 8. The movement refers to the date of the death of Ernesto Che Guevarra in 1967. The MR-8 is a continuation with dissidents from the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB; Partido Comunista Brasileiro) with a significant influence upon student movements. MR-8 was one of the leftist movements who fought an armed battle against the rightist dictatorship. The kidnapping of the American ambassador was the first political action of the group. MR-s still exists, but is now considered as a ideological dinosaur. Some years ago, the militant leaders had a reunion with former president Lula. The group has put down their weapons since the comeback of the democracy on 1985.

Virgílio Gomes da Silva was their leader, who was responsible for the kidnap of the ambassador. He was killed, after suffering torture, at the terrain of the notorious OBAN, Operação Bandeirantes (of the military police) in São Paulo. By kidnapping the ambassador, the movement demanded the liberation of fifteen political prisoners. The military junta gave in, and allowed the fifteen prisoners to leave for Mexico by airplane. The ambassador was released on September 7 (Independence Day). The kidnap became a movie: ‘O que é isso, companheiro?’. (‘What’s the deal, comrade?’) and “Hércules 56′ , named after the military plane that transported the fifteen to Mexico.

 
The ambassador / The 15 released prisoners

KIDNAPPING OF ELBRICK
40 anos do sequestro do embaixador norte-americano « Repórter Brasil	Hércules 56

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Imaging Brazil 299: Selling Hats on a Car in João Pessoa, PB (2010)

A personal selection of photographs with their stories.

299: Selling hats

In Brazil you will find street traders everywhere. They are called camelôs. Often they have exhibited their limited range on a simple stall, some of them keep it simple with a big canvas or cloth on the sidewalk, others have handcars or bicycles. The more wealthy can afford to offer their value in their Volkswagen van, or in their luggage compartment. The street trader in the picture made use of the windscreen and hood. On very sunny days, he will certainly attract many customers looking for some cooling for their heated, sunbathed heads.

© Adriano Antoine Robbesom 2010, 2017

Brazilian Days (217): August 5

Brazilian Days 217

August 5

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DAY OF:

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Dia Nacional da Saúde

(Brazilian Health). On this day, the birthday of the scientist Oswaldo Cruz, founder of the Brazilian medical sciences, is remembered. See below for more information.

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HEALTH CARE IN BRAZIL
Healthcare in Brazil (Ministry of Health), part 1	Healthcare in Brazil (Ministry of Health), part 2
Healthcare in Brazil (Ministry of Health), part 3	Healthcare in Brazil (Ministry of Health), part 4
Healthcare in Brazil (Ministry of Health), part 5	Healthcare in Brazil (Ministry of Health), part 6
The highs and lows of universal health care in Brazil

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1955
Death of Brazilian singer and actress Carmem Miranda (1909-1955), in Los Angeles.

At the age of thirty, Carmem left for the United States, where she became famous. She was known as the Brazilian sex bomb. One of her nicknames was “pequena notável”, The little one you can not overlook. Obviously, another famous – American – sex bomb died seven years later, at the same day and in the same city: Marilyn Monroe (1926-1962). On the website of Carmem one may find a great number of quotes of here. One of the most obvious is about perfume:

“O perfume é muito agradável. Mas não gosto da palavra”
“I love perfume, but I hate the word ‘perfume.’

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CARMEM MIRANDA
Carmem Miranda Parte 1	Carmem Miranda Parte 2
Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 1 of 9	Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 2 of 9
Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 3 of 9	Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 4 of 9
Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 5 of 9	Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 6 of 9
Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 7 of 9	Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 8 of 9
Carmen Miranda: Beneath the Titti Frutti Hat _ 9 of 9	Carmen Miranda – “Chica Chica Boom Chic”
ADEUS A CARMEM MIRANDA – 1955

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1585
Foundation of the city of João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba.

It were the French who occupied the northeast of Brazil in the sixteenth century, and therefore hampered the colonization by the Portuguese. In 1585, the Portuguese João Tavares started the construction of Forte de São Felipe, as a piece of defense against the French attacks. The settlement received the name of Filipéia. In 1599, a peace treaty was achieved with the local indians, but only after destruction of a great number of their villages and the reduction of the indian population with two-thirds by epidemics. In 1634, the Dutch occupiers gave the city another name: Friederstadt. In 1654, the Dutch were expelled, and the city was renamed into Parahyba. After the murder of governor João Pessoa in 1930, the city was named after him. João Pessoa has a good reputation among the tourists. João Pessoa, or ‘Jampa’ is known as the Second Greenest City in the World ( Curitiba appears to be number one), The City with the First Sunrise (in America), the City with the most beautiful beaches, and the third oldest city in Brazil. More information about João Pessoa: click here.

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JOÃO PESSOA (PB)
João Pessoa – Past Present	João Pessoa Paraíba
Colorful João Pessoa	PARAÍBA – JOÃO PESSOA 424 ANOS
João Pessoa – PB. Paradise in the Northeast	Ponta do Seixas- Paraíba America’s easternmost point
Pôr do sol no rio Paraíba com Bolero de Ravel – Jurandy do Sax

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1872
Birth of Oswaldo Cruz

Oswaldo was born in the state of São Paulo. His father was a physician. At the age of 5, Oswaldo and his family moved to Rio de Janeiro. He was only 14, when he was admitted to study medicine. He showed great interest of microscopy and he published his first scientific works at the age of 18. In 1892, Oswaldo received the title of doctor in microbiology, only a few hours after his father’s death. In 1893, he married Emília de Fonseca, daughter of a rich Portuguese entrepreneur. They got six children. Oswaldo worked together with scientists from German origin, and left Brazil in 1896, to work at the famous Louis Pasteur Institute in France. He returned three years later. He was then responsible for combating bubonic plague in São Paulo. Oswaldo and his team managed to develop a vaccine against the bacteria causing the plague. In 1903, he became general manager of Public Health in Rio de Janeiro, responsible for the hygienic status of the city. Oswaldo managed to convince president Alves to oblige people to get vaccines, in order to reduce the number of infections. The population revolted against this vaccination program, sincere rumors existed that the vaccines would be injected in the intimate parts. More than 30 people died and hundreds were wounded during these revolts. In 1908, the institute with his name was founded. That institute became very popular among foreign scientists and gained international reputation. Oswaldo died in February 1917, and is now considered as one of the greatest Brazilian scientists. At present, many institutes, hospitals and laboratories are named after him.

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OSWALDO CRUZ
História de Oswaldo Cruz parte 1	História de Oswaldo Cruz parte 2
Projeto Memória 2003 Oswaldo Cruz Parte 1	Projeto Memória 2003 Oswaldo Cruz Parte 2
Projeto Memória 2003 Oswaldo Cruz Parte 3	Projeto Memória 2003 Oswaldo Cruz Parte 4
Casa de Oswaldo Cruz – Vídeo Institucional

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1709
First experiment with a hot air balloon by father Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685-1724).

The father, born in Santos (near São Paulo), traveled to Portugal in 1708, to study in Coimbra. The Portuguese king D. João V was informed by him, that he had invented an instrument that was able to fly with. On August 5, 1709, a paper balloon was filled with hot air, but burned before it went into the air. Three days later, the father managed to send a balloon, with a small basket beneath it, into the air, four meters high.

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BARTOLOMEU DE GUSMÃO
Padre Bartolomeu Gusmão (1/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 02/11/2009	Padre Bartolomeu Gusmão (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 02/11/2009
Bartolomeu de Gusmão – Parte 1	Bartolomeu de Gusmão – Parte 2
Bartolomeu de Gusmão – Parte 3

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Imaging Brazil 296: Pink and Blue Sunset in Paraíba (2010)

A personal selection of photographs with their stories.

296: Colorful sunset

The beaches in the state of Paraíba are the easternmost located on the South American subcontinent. The Paraíba coastline measures 138 km; the beaches north of the capital João Pessoa belong to the northern beaches (‘litoral norte’), and the beaches south of the southern beaches (‘litoral sul’). The most famous beaches – including Praia dos Seixas, Tambaba, Tambaú, Coqueirinho – belong to the southern beaches. One of the most beautiful beaches is undoubtedly Praia do Coqueirinho. The beach, with calm seawater, is surrounded by palm trees. The colorful sand rock formations are suitable to beautiful compositions. However, the blue and purple colors of the sunset impressed me most.

© Adriano Antoine Robbesom 2010, 2017

Brazilian Days (207): July 26

Brazilian Days 207

July 26

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Imprensa Espírita

(Spiritist Press). This day (introduced in 1982) is to commemorate the birth date of the spiritist Luis Olímpio Telles de Menezes (1835-1893), who introduced spiritism and spiritist literature in Brazil, on September 17, 1865.

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Dia do Detetive Particular

(Private investigator). Most of the investigations concern adultery…

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Dia da Vovó ou dos Avós

(Grandmother/ grandparents). The origin of this day is to be referred to the catholic culture. Today is the feast day of the saints Anna and Joachim, Maria’s parents, and Maria was Jesus’ mother. The two saints were the grandparents of Jesus.

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1908
The first automobile race in Brazil, in São Paulo.

This race track had a length of 80 km, between São Paulo and Itapecerica, a race without accidents. Gastão de Almeida from Rio de Janeiro was heading the race, with his Dietrich-Lorraine, for a long time, and had an advantage of five minutes, to his direct opponent Dr. Silvio Penteado, who was driving a 40HP Fiat. Gastão had the misfortune that his oil tank broke, and Silvio could pass him, six kilometers before the finish, and thus claim the victory.

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1930
Murder of João Pessoa in Recife.

João Pessoa Cavalcanti de Albuquerque (1878-1930) was elected as governor of the state of Paraíba in 1928. His government proved to be productive for Paraíba: economic growth, less taxes, many constructions. Pessoa also was battling corruption, and therefore made many enemies. There were presidential elections in March 1930. President Washington Luís Pereira de Sousa had but forward Júlio Prestes, president of the state of São Paulo, as his possible successor. Vital Soares, president of Bahia, would then become vice-president. The opponent, supported by Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraíba, was Getúlio Dorneles Vargas, president of Rio Grande do Sul. João Pessoa would then become his vice-president. Pessoa was requested to support the government candidate, Júlio Prestes. He replied, telegraphed by Tavares Cavalcanti, with just one – legendary – word: NEGO! (I refuse!). However, Júlio Prestes won the elections. The opposition accused him of fraud at a large scale. The first signs of a popular rebellion were observed in Pincesa Isabel, Paraíba. The murder of João Pessoa by João Dantas was the extra spark to ignite the revolution. As a result, president Washington was ousted, and Vargas was elected for president. To honor João Pessoa, the actual flag of Paraíba was introduced. Black and red, with NEGO in white letters in the red field. The red color symbolizes the blood shed by Pessoa and the rebels in Paraíba. The capital – then called Parahyba – was renamed into João Pessoa.

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A História do Politico João Pessoa

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1612
Arrival of the French vessels Régente, Sainte-Anne, and Charlotte at the Bay of Maranhão.

This small fleet (containing 500 men) was commanded by Daniel de la Touche, Lord de la Ravadière, who founded a French colony there: France Équinoxiale. The French landed on the island of Upaon-mirim, later renamed into Sant’Ana (today is the feast day of Saint Ana, see above). They quickly made contact with the indians of the neighboring island Maragnan (Maranhão). The French started the construction of Fort Saint Louis, named after the French king, Louis XIII. At the end of 1615, the French were ousted by the Portuguese.

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Illustration in the report about
the French presence in Maranhão.

THE FRENCH IN MARANHÃO
Franceses no Maranhão (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá	Expedições: São Luis – 400 anos

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1745
Celebration of the first mass in the chapel of Morro dos Coqueiros – now the city of Aparecida (SP).

In 1717, three fishermen caught a headless wooden statue. Soon, they also caught the head of that statue. They also caught a large amount of fish. The statue was recognized to be of Our Lady of Conception. The statue was now called Nossa Senhora da Aparecida, and at the margin of Paraíba River, where the statue was found, a chapel was constructed. Later, this location was called Aparecida, now hosting one of the largest sanctuaries in the world.

source / source

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1931
Birth of soccer player and coach Telê Santana (1931-2006)

Telê Santana da Silva started his soccer career as a goalkeeper, but soon he played as a center forward, for many years at Fluminense. Telê then started his coaching career and became Brazilian champion with Atlético_MG from Belo Horizonte. He continued at Grêmio and Palmeiras, before he was contracted to coach the Brazilian national team. His tactics strategy – stressing on the attacking qualities – gained him worldwide fame. Brazilians still remember him as the coach who introduced ‘o jogo bonito’, attractive soccer. However, despite playing very offensive, Brazil was not successful during the World Cups of 1982 and 1896. Telê continued his career at São Paulo, and gained another Brazilian title and the Libertadores Cup and the Intercontinental Cup.

TELÊ SANTANA
Mestre Tele Santana	Brazil 1982 – A tribute to the art of football
Telê Santana no Roda Viva – 1992	Documentário Telê Santana – Mesa Redonda TV Gazeta

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1959
Creation of Federação Brasileira de Associações de Bibliotecários (FEBAB) .

The Brazilian Federation of Librarian Associations was created in order to maintain and to encourage the development of the profession of librarian.

FEBAB E BIBLIOTECONOMIA
Vídeo comemorativo dos 50 anos da Febab	Memória da Biblioteconomia Brasileira – Carminda Nogueira de Castro Ferreira
Globo Universidade – Biblioteconomia – parte 1	Globo Universidade – Biblioteconomia – parte 2
Globo Universidade – Biblioteconomia – parte 3	O Profissional Bibliotecário
BIBLIOTECONOMIA – Programa “Na Real”

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1989
Inauguration of the first turbine of the hydro-electric power station of Samuel – Candeias do Jamari – RO

The construction was started in 1982 and was projected to finish four years later. Due to lack of funding, the 216 MW power station was ready in 1996 only. In the presence of president Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the power station was officially inaugurated on April 12, 1997. However, the first turbine was inaugurated eight years earlier. The power station is located at the Jamari River, an affluent of the Madeira River. Energy is provided for nearby capital of Rondônia, Porto Velho, and – since 2002 – for Rio Branco, capital of the state of Acre.

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Usinas Hidrelétricas do Rio Madeira

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1998
Death of Aymoré Moreira (coach of the Brazilian national soccer team).

Aymoré Moreira (1912-1998) was born in Miracema (RJ). He was active as goalkeeper at various clubs and for the national team. Aymoré was trainer of the Brazilian national, which conquered the second world title in 1962. He had to deal with the sudden injury of soccer star Pelé, but witnessed Garrincha leading the Divine Canaries to the world title. He continued his career as coach at various Brazilian clubs. His brothers Ayrton and Zezé were also active as soccer trainers.

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AYMORÉ MOREIRA
Especial 50 anos – O técnico Aymoré Moreira – Parte 1	Especial 50 anos – O técnico Aymoré Moreira – Parte 2

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2007
Silver medal for César Castro at the Pan American Games (diving).

César (diving, 3 m platform) ranked 4th at the Pan American Games in 2003, and 3rd in 2001. At the Olympics, he ranked 9th in 2004, and 24th in 2008.

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2007
Gold medal for the Brazilian women’s soccer team, after beating the United States (5-0) in the final.

At the Pan American Games, Brazil won also gold in 2003, but was beaten by Canada in 2011.

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom
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Imaging Brazil 292: Selling Fruits from a Wheelbarrow in João Pessoa, PB (2010)

A personal selection of photographs with their stories.

292: Fruitseller

You can consider them as little self-employed, the camelôs on the streets. They try to sell their merchandise to the passers-by. From behind their little stalls – sometimes no more than a wooden board on a stack of crates – they shout their merchandise to the clients, or stay silent or sit until an interested customer draws his attention. In the big cities, these camelôs occupy small spaces along and on the sidewalks, and in various squares and open spaces. You can find literally everything: refreshments, household items, small electronics, clothes and shoes, as well as fresh fruit. This camelô in João Pessoa used a wheelbarrow as a mobile stall for his fruit.

© Adriano Antoine Robbesom 2010, 2017

Imaging Brazil 289: Clown with Harmonica in João Pessoa, PB (2010)

A personal selection of photographs with their stories.

289: Clown with harmonica

 

João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba, attracts many tourists, but not as many as its neighboring capitals Recife and Natal. However, many people try to draw attention from Brazilian and international tourists, like the clown on this picture. His colorful clothes are composed of the colors that are closely associated with the frevo style: yellow, red, green, and blue. The clown was playing his harmonica, thereby hiding his instrument behind his hands. Because of his weathered face, we could guess that this clown has had a lot of experience of open-air performances.

© Adriano Antoine Robbesom 2010, 2017