Dia da Campanha do Quilo
(Campaign of the kilo). On 31 July 1938, members of a spiritist society collected nutrients for an orphanage in need in Nazareno. This orphanage had difficulties to pay the rent, and there was no money left to feed the children well. This collection initiative, initiated by journalist Jayme Mattos Vieira, became the start of many Campanhas do Quilo. Initially by spiritist societies (they propagate the idea to share with each other), eventually followed by campaigns by Catholics, protestants, and other religious societies. Prior to Christmas, many cities – among them Belo Horizonte – organize Campanhas do Quilo. Many people respond to this initiative with generous donations of rice, flour, beans, milk, and sugar.
Dia Mundial do Orgasmo
(World Orgasm Day). This sounds exciting, but the Global Orgasm Day is on 22 December (only a few days before Christmas…). The orgasm day on 31 July may better be considered as the National Orgasm Day, which was introduced by British erotica company Anne Summers in 2001. Brazilians have excitingly copied this initiative and is now also considered as their Orgasm Day.
Dia do Outdoor (Billboard). Outdoor, a word imported from English. But with a totally different meaning. Outdoors in Brazil are billboards. In any Brazilian city, and along the highways, many giant billboards try to draw your attention. More and more billboards are illuminated and even electronic billboards are assembled in increasing numbers. Some of these billboards have the size of some dozen of square meters. In the city of São Paulo, no less than twelve thousand billboards were counted. Most billboards are renewed regularly, although a small number is badly maintained and is disturbing the street view. Thanks to their giant dimensions, such billboards are hard to avoid, but they also have the advantage that bystanders don’t need to spend much time to read the message.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1943 Destruction of German submarine U199 by the Brazilian air force.
The attack was performed with an American Mariner, supported by the Brazilian planes Hudson and Catalina. Because Brazil allowed American troops on their soil, and permitted them to start attacks against German and Italian forces from Brazilian bases, German submarines attacked any Brazilian vessel. Many Brazilian vessels were destroyed, many sailors died in these attacks. The U199 even had destroyed a small Brazilian sailing boat with 4 crew members. The U199 was then destroyed, only 12 crew members – among them the commander – and were captured.
1821 Annexation of Cisplatina (what is now Uruguay) to the ‘United Kingdom of Brazil, Portugal, and Algave’
The province was called ‘Província Cisplatina Brasileira’. On 25 August 1825, Cisplatina declared independence under the name Uruguay. Only in 1828, the independence was recognized by Brazil.
1970 Kidnapping of the Brazilian consul in Montevideo – Aloysio Mares Dias Gomides – by the Tupamaros guerrilla movement.
The consul was liberated on 21 February 1971 only, after payment of the ransom of 250 thousand dollars. The movement was named after the Inca revolutionary Túpac Amaru. In the Sixties of the past century, the group started their activities like robbing banks and other institutions and distribute the loot among the poor. In the Seventies, the movement was very active with numerous kidnappings of diplomats. The movement was transformed into a political party after the democratization process in Uruguay in 1985.
TUPAMAROS
Documental Tupamaros
1903 The state hymn of Ceará was played for the first time
HYMN OF CEARÁ
Hino do Estado do Ceará
1932
The city of Palmyra (MG) was renamed into Santos Dumont
SANTOS DUMONT – MG
Cidade de Santos Dumont
1986
Creation of Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (ES) by Lei (law) nº 3.875
2002
São Caetano was beaten by Paraguayan soccer team Olimpia in the Libertadores Cup finals.
SÃO CAETANO – OLIMPIA
OLIMPIA vs Sao Caetano – LAS 2 FINALES Y PENALES
2007
Launch of PAC in Cuiabá (MT) by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Olympic Games Montreal: bronze medal for João do Pulo (1954-1999) with triple jump.
Four years later, João would gain bronze again, in Moscow. His performance was somewhat disappointing, when regarding his achievements. He was champion in the disciplines long jump and triple jump at the Pan American Games in 1975 (he jumped a world record of 17.89 m, which was only broken ten years later) and gained triple jump gold in 1979. Additionally, he became a three-time triple jump world champion. At the age of 28, João lost one leg as a result of a traffic accident, In 1999, he died because of the consequences of liver cirrhosis.
The soccer team from Belo Horizonte beat River Plate 3-2 in the final. Cruzeiro lost its player Roberto Batata after having played the semi final against Alianza Lima from Peru. Batata died in a traffic accident. He was posthumously awarded the Libertadores medal. The Copa Libertadores competition was started in 1958. The intention was to have a tournament for the winners of the Southern American national competitions. Vasco da Gama received a wild card for the first tournament, since Brazil wasn’t having a national competition at that time. Until 2013, Argentina has won 22 times, followed by Brazil (17), Uruguay (8), Paraguay (3), Colombia (2), Ecuador and Chile (1 each). Independiente from Argentina has won 7 titles. Brazilian Libertadores winners are São Paulo (3), Santos (3), Cruzeiro (2), Grêmio (2), Internacional (2), Flamengo, Vasco, Palmeiras, Corinthians, Atlético-MG (1 each).
CRUZEIRO – RIVER PLATE
Copa Libertadores da America 1976 – Cruzeiro 3 x 2 River Plate
1930 Virgulino Ferreira da Silva (Lampião) set fire to the fazenda of coronel Joaquim José de Santana
LAMPIÃO & MARIA BONITA
Lampião O Rei do Cangaço [1964] –
Complete movie
LAMPIÃO & MARIA BONITA filme completo
Lampião – Os Nove do Angico
Filme – Meu Nome é Lampião (1969)
1978 Debut of Brazilian Formula One racer Nelson Piquet
Nelson made his debut at Hockenheimring in Germany. The race was won by Mario Andretti, and fellow Brazilian racer Emerson Fittipaldi became fourth. Nelson was confronted with engine problems and had to leave the race after 31 laps.
NELSON PIQUET 1978
Formula One German GP 1978
German GP 1978
2000 First Formula One victory for Rubens Barrichello at the circuit of Hockenheim (Germany)
British racer David Coulthard started from pole position. Team mate Michael Schumacher collided with Fisichella in the first lap. It was Rubens’s first victory in Formula One.
RUBENS BARRICHELLO 2000
F1 Hockenheim 2000 – Rubens Barrichello First Win
Pódium Barrichello Alemanha 2000
2005 Population of the state of São Paulo reached the number of 40 million people
2008 Gilberto Gil stepped down as minister of Culture.
MINISTRO GILBERTO GIL
Ministro Gilberto Gil fala sobre o Mais Cultura
Entrevista com o ex-ministro da Cultura Gilberto Gil
(World Hepatitis Day). According to the latest numbers, more Brazilians are contaminated with hepatitis than with HIV. The same data demonstrate that about 70 percent of the population is contaminated with a form of hepatitis virus type A. This virus type is considered as an endemic virus in the country. About fifteen percent of the Brazilian population appears to be contaminated with hepatitis virus type B. Since May 2010, it is agreed that July 28 is the World Hepatitis Day.
WORLD HEPATITIS DAY
World Hepatitis Day 2012
campaign video
Campanha para o
Dia Mundial das Hepatites 2012
Vacinação contra Hepatite B
Hepatite C: epidemia do século
Hepatite – Episódio 01
Hepatite – Episódio 2 –
Só existe uma forma de você saber
se tem hepatite C: faça o teste
Panorama da Hepatite C no Brasil
Tratamento para Hepatite C
Dia do Agricultor
(Farmer). Despite industrialization and ongoing digitization of Brazil, the agricultural sector still has a significant share in the Brazilian economics. It is expected, however, that this share will decrease gradually, and that a great part of the farmland no longer will be used. According numbers of the CIA World Fact Book, about 20 percent of the Brazilian labor force works in the agricultural sector (14% industries, 66% services, numbers of 2003), contributing for about six percent (122 billion dollars) of the Brazilian GDP (industries 26%, services 68%, 2010). Besides the labor force working as farmers, Brazil still counts more than 100 thousand landless farmers. According to them, the land reforms are far too slow.
1938: Lampião, Maria Bonita, and 11 other gang members killed by the police.
Virgolino Ferreira da Silva, better known as Lampião, joined a gang of bandits, after the murder of his father. Two years later, he became gang leader and was active in the northeastern states for 18 years. In 1929, he met his most faithful follower, who left her husband for him: Maria Bonita. His gang robbed the rich elite, and therefore gave his gang the heroic status among the poor. The government put a prize on his head, they hunted him constantly, but due to insufficient coordination and bribery, the police only managed to confront and kill him and his gang members in Sergipe, in 1938. There also exists another version of the mysterious death of Lampião and his gang: they were poisoned. Their decapitated heads were transferred to Salvador and were exhibited publicly, 20 years long.
Location of the deadly confrontation with the police
Lampião, the legend
Images of Lampião and Maria Bonita
Lampião O Rei do Cangaço [1964] –
Complete movie
Óculos de Lampião – Parte 1
Óculos de Lampião – Parte 2
Óculos de Lampião – Parte 3
Óculos de Lampião – Parte 4
1958 First-time conquest of the FIFA World Cup by Brazil
Sweden, host of the World Cup, was beaten with 5-2 in the final, with two goals of Pelé. Pelé (17 years old) became the youngest player ever to win the world cup. Pelé would win the world cup two more times, in 1962, and in 1970.
FUTEBOL BRASIL X SUECIA FINAL DA COPA DO MUNDO DE 1958 COMPLETO
Copa do Mundo de 1958 – Final Brasil 5 x 2 Suécia – Vídeo em Cores
Copa de 1958 (1/3) –
De Lá Pra Cá – 30/05/2010
Copa de 1958 (3/3) –
De Lá Pra Cá – 30/05/2010
1919 Installation of Epitácio da Silva Pessoa (1865-1942) as President of Brazil.
Epitácio was born in Paraíba, and studied Law in Recife. He was the Brazilian representative, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed in 1919. Rodrigues Alves was elected for president in 1918, but he was not able to accept this position due to a severe disease. Delfim Moreira da Costa Ribeiro was his vice-president and he succeeded Alves. New elections were held in 1919, and Epitácio won these elections. He stayed in office until 1922. After his presidency, he became member of the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Epitácio was the uncle of the in 1932 murdered João Pessoa, president of Paraíba.
1860 Creation of the State Secretariat of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works.
TheSecretariat of Agriculture was created during the Second Brazilian Empire. In 1892, after the proclamation of the Brazilian republic, the secretariat was transformed to the ministry of Industry, Traffic, and Public Works. In 1909, it was transformed again, into the ministry of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce. There was another transformation in 1930, when the ministry of Agriculture was formed. In 1992, it was renamed in the ministry of Agriculture, Supply and Agrarian Reform. Only four years later, in 1996, another name change: ministry of Agriculture and Supply. The most recent name change dates back from 2001: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply.
O Programa Agricultura de Baixo Carbono (ABC):
Low-Carbon Agricultural progams
2007 Gold medal for Brazilian men’s volleyball team at Pan American Games.
In the final, Brazil beat USA by 3-0 (25-16, 25-20, 25-22)
In 2011, Brazil won gold again, the fourth gold medal with volleyball (men) at all Pan American Games.
2007 Gold medal for Fábio Gomes da Silva at Pan American Games (pole vault).
Fábio Silva jumped at 5.40 m. The same height was reached in 2011, but he was ranked 5th only. At the 2008 Olympics, he did not reach the finals, and ranked 25th.
2007 Gold medal for Ricardo Winicki (Bimba) at Pan American Games (windsurfing)
Bimba won silver at the Pan American Games in 1999, and gold in 2003, 2007, and 2011. He became world champion in 2007. Bimba ranked 4th at the 2004, and 5th at the 2008 Olympic Games.
(Customs officer). The professionalchecks everything what is being transported to or from the country, including the luggage of passengers. Since 1850, customs officers have been active in Brazil. The custom officers work for the Receita Federal, the Brazilian Federal Ministry of Treasury.
(Motor Rider, Biker). It was decided by the ABRAM (Associação Brasileira de Motociclistas; Brazilian Association of Motor Riders) in 1998, to introduce the Dia do Motociclista. Since there were more data commemorating motor riders, July 27 was chosen, because this day– already introduced in 1982 – refers to a fatal road accident with a motor technician involved, on July 27, 1974.
One of the previous dates was April 11 (source) / source
Source: ABRAM
Dia de Pediatria/ do Pediatra
(Pediatrics / Pediatrician). On July 27, 1910, the Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria was founded, the Brazilian Society for Pediatrics. At present, the society counts more than 25 thousand members, and publishes a monthly scientific magazine, the “Jornal de Pediatria”.
Dia Nacional de Prevenção dos Acidentes de Trabalho
(Prevention of Occupational Accidents). On July 27, 1972, a law was introduced, by the former minister of Labor, Júlio Barata. The law obligates companies with more than 100 employees to install an occupational health worker and an employment specialist. Brazil became the first country with this kind of law.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1767 Foundation of the city of São José dos Campos (SP).
On April 22, 1864, the village was elevated to the status of a city. In 1872, the city counted 13 inhabitants only, among them about one thousand slaves. At present, the city, at about 90 km from São Paulo, and 310 km from Rio de Janeiro, counts more than 500 thousand inhabitants. The city hosts various research institutions, like Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA; institute for space research) and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE; national institute for meteorology and space research).
1889 Creation of the municipality of Palmyra – MG (future Santos Dumont)
Santos Dumont is located halfway the route between Belo Horizonte and Rio de Janeiro. During the colonial period, when precious metals and stones were extracted from Minas Gerais, a shorter, faster, and a safer route had to be found, to secure the transports to Portugal. Around 1730, a settlement was founded with the name João Gomes. On July 1889, the municipality of Palmyra was founded. Early 20th century, the village grew significantly, partly due to the influx of migrants from Italy, Portugal, and the Lebanon. The most famous inhabitant ever was aviation pioneer Alberto Santos Dumont. Shortly after Alberto’s death, the Palmyra was renamed into Santos Dumont. The motto of the city is:
Santos Dumont a cidade que deu asas ao mundo. Santos Dumont, the city who gave wings to the world.
2004 Death of Ana Martinha da Silva, at the age of 123
According to Dona Ana, she was born in 1876 in Chapada dos Guimarães, nearby Cuiabá, capital of the state of Mato Grosso. As a daughter of a slave, she became registered at the age of four. Rankbrasil, Brazilian counterpart of Guinness Book of Records, has acknowledged her age of 123 years and 337 at the time of her death, and thus recognized her as the oldest woman in Brazil ever. From the state of Mato Grosso, Dona Ana received a house with three rooms and a pension, about one year before her death. She was a maid and a cook, until the age of 103. Her husband died early, when her nine children were still young. Three of them were still alive when she died. Dona Ana died of multiple organ failure.
2007 Silver medal for Sebastián Cuattrin at Pan American Games (canoeing).
Sebastián was born in Argentina, but is a naturalized Brazilian. He gained one gold, five silver, and two bronze medals with various canoeing disciplines at the Pan American Games in 1999, 2003, and 2007.
2007 Gold medal for Brazilian equestrian team at Pan American Games (show jumping)
The Brazilian team gained a silver medal at the 2011 Pan American Games. One team member, Rodrigo Pessoa, gained a silver medal in the individual discipline.
(Highway Patrol Man). On July 24, 1928, president Washington Luíz created the Polícia Rodoviária Federal. Initially, this unit was called ‘Polícia das Estradas’ (Road Police). The first highway patrol man was Antônio Felix Filho, nicknamed ‘Turquinho’. He started his job on July 23, 1935. He and his colleagues were called ‘Inspetores de Tráfego’ (Traffic Inspectors). In 1945 the unit was called Policia Rodoviária Federal (PRF). In 1988, the PRF was assigned to control the Brazilian highways (more than 61 thousand km). Since 1991, the PRF is linked to the Brazilian Department of Justice.
1952 Olympic gold and world record for triple jumper Adhemar Ferreira da Silva (1927-2001) in Helsinki.
Thus far, Brazilian athletes did not collect too many Olympic medals; those who won a medal gain more attention in Brazil. In 1948, In London, Da Silva jumped a little more than 15 meters, and achieved the14th place. In Helsinki, he broke the Olympic record four times. The final jump of 16.22 meter was even a world record. Four years later, in Melbourne, Da Silva became Olympic champion again, with a jump of 16.32 meter. He also became a five-time Pan American champion. When Da Silva got tuberculosis in 1960, his sports career ended. He then worked at the Brazilian embassy in Nigeria and was acting in the Brazilian movie “Orfeu Negro” (Black Orpheus, 1959), which won an Oscar in 1960.
1993 Massacre, which became internationally known as “Chacina da Candelária”, in downtown Rio de Janeiro.
During that night, eight street children were killed by the Polícia Militar, at the entrance of one of the best known churches in Rio: Candelária. Six police officers were arrested, three of them were condemned. Years later, one of the surviving children was the hostage-taker of bus line ‘174’. One hostage was killed. A movie was made, based on this tragedy.
1842 Signing of the marriage contract between emperor Pedro II and Tereza Cristina Maria de Bourbon.
Teresa’s full name is: Teresa Cristina Maria Josefa Gaspar Baltazar Melquior Januária Rosália Lúcia Francisca de Assis Isabel Francisca de Pádua Donata Bondosa André d’Avelino Rita Leodegária Gertrudes Venância Tadéia Espiridião Roca Matilda de Bourbon-Sicílias e Bragança (1822-1889). She was born in Vienna (Austria). Pedro was sixteen at that time, and Teresa twenty. Their marriage took place on September 4, 1842, and would last 46 years. Teresa died shortly after the coup in 1889.
1556 Nomination of Mem de Sá (1500-1572) as Governor-General of Brazil.
He became the successor of Duarte da Costa. Mem de Sá arrived in Brazil at the end of 1557. His first task was to expel the French colonists from Rio de Janeiro, who had founded their colony ‘French Antarctica’. He managed to destroy their fortress ‘Coligny’, but the French left only, with help of his cousin Estácio and, thanks to negotiations of the two famous Jesuits Norbrega and Anchieta with the Tamoio indians to convince them to stop them helping the French. Mem de Sá is considered ass the founder of Rio de Janeiro (1567). He stayed in office as governor until 1572. His successor Luis Fernandes de Vasconcelos would never reach Brazil. His ship with 39 priests was attacked by French pirates and all of them were killed. They are now know as the Forty Martyrs of Brazil.
1932 Death of Alberto Santos Dumont, aviation pioneer (1873-1932).
Alberto was one of the first in the world to fly with a motorized airplane. In 1910, multiple sclerosis was detected, and caused a depression. Alberto returned to Brazil, after having lived and worked in France for many years. In 1932, he committed suicide, unhappy with his disease and depression, and unhappy about the use of his invention in warfare. Alberto was not married and did not have children.
1975 Flag of Rio de Janeiro became the flag of the new state of Rio de Janeiro.
Rio de Janeiro was capital of Brazil from 1763 to 1960. In 1834, the city was nominated the Imperial Capital. Following the proclamation of the republic in 1889, Rio remained the capital, until the inauguration of the newly-designed capital Brasília in 1960. The federal district of Rio de Janeiro was then renamed in the state of Guanabara, and was Brazil’s smallest state for 15 years. The state of Rio de Janeiro surrounded the state of Guanabara completely and had Niterói as its capital. Merger of the two states took place in 1975 and the city of Rio de Janeiro became the capital. The flag of the former state of Rio de Janeiro became the flag of the merger state.
Left: flag of Guanabara, now flag of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Right: flag of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
2001 Defeat of the Brazilian national soccer team against Honduras led to the elimination in the 2001 Copa América.
In the group phase, Brazil won from Peru and Paraguay, but lost to Mexico. As first ranked in the group, Brazil (with Luiz Felipe Scolari (Felipão) as the coach) was linked to Honduras in the quarter finals. Beletti scored an own goal in the 57th minute, Saul Martinez made the second for Honduras in the final seconds of the match. A historical defeat. Colombia became champion after beating Mexico in the final.
1829 Return of José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva from exile.
José (1763-1838) was an important person in Brazilian history. Besides statesman, he was a scientist (geologist) and poet. José was one of the mentors of the independence of Brazil. His democratic principles were not accepted by the government and be was arrested and put in exile in 1823. He then lived in France, until he was allowed to return to Brazil in 1829. His Irish wife died during the journey. José was a regent for a short period, when Pedro II was too young to climb the imperial throne. His regency only lasted two years, when he was accused of betrayal. He then was pardoned and lived until his death in 1838 in Niterói.
José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva –
Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara
2007 Gold medal for Fabiana Murer at Pan American Games (pole vault)
Fabianawon silver at the Pan American Games in 2011, became world champion in 2011, and indoor world champion in 2010. She became the first Brazilian to win gold at a IAAF world championship. She participated in Beijing 2008, but was eliminated in the finals.
(Marines killed in WWII). At the Monumento Nacional, marines killed in World War II are remembered. More than one thousand sailors of merchant vessels and marines were killed thanks to the torpedoes fired from the German U-boats. The monument was erected at the Aterro do Flamengo in Rio de Janeiro in 1960.
Monumento Nacional in Rio de Janeiro
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1564 Death of Martim Afonso de Souza (1490/1500 – 1564/1571), founder of São Vicente (SP).
In December 1531, the Portuguese king João III sent out an expedition, with De Souza (appointed as governor of Brazil), as the commander. This expedition was in fact the start if the Portuguese colonization of Brazil. Less than two months later, the fleet arrived in Pernambuco. One year later, the same fleet, in search of the legendary ‘Rio da Prata’ (River of Silver), in São Vicente, where De Souza organized the very first elections on the American continent: Elections for the city council of São Vicente. In 1533, De Souza battled against the Moors and Hindus for the dominance of Portuguese India. His victory was awarded with the title viceroy of India. In 1545 or 1546, he definitely returned to his motherland.
At present, you will be confronted frequently with banners that announce and justify a certain strike, with the demands written in capitals. Since 1964, it was strictly forbidden by the dictators, to strike. On July 21, more than three million employees in the sectors of banking, public transportation, metal industries, commercial services, public services, were on strike. Numerous manifestations and demonstrations took place in entire Brazil The military regime intervened violently, arrested the leaders of the strike and gatherings were forbidden. The strike became the start of a labor union: Central Única dos Trabalhadores, one month later.
1902 Foundation of soccer club Fluminense (RJ).
The Tricolores (Their nickname is derived from the colors white, wine red (grená) and green) have established their fame in Brazilian soccer. The team from Rio de Janeiro has conquered the national championship four times: Three times in Série A: (1970, 1984, and 2010), and one time in Série C (1999). In 1952, Fluminense won the World Cup. The most famous players at Fluminense were Telê Santana (later, he became coach of the national team), Didi, Waldo, Rivelino, and Branco (yes, he scored the winning goal against the Netherlands in the quarter finals of the World Cup in 1994).
1674 Start of the Bandeira expedition, led by Fernão Dias Paes (1608-1681).
He was a descent of the first colonists in São Vicente, who were searching for gold and emerald. Stories about the ‘El Dorado’, that was never found, attracted many fortune seekers and adventurers. Fernão was one of them. With the promise of richness and fame, he started an expedition that lasted seven years, from São Paulo to the inland of Minas Gerais. He never has found the treasures, only the less valuable tourmaline. But his expedition was of significant value. During his expedition, he was accompanied by his son and bastard son He had his bastard son hanged since he suspected betrayal against him.
2007 Earthquake with a force of 6,1 degrees according the Richter Scale between the states of Amazonas and Acre.
According to USGS (U.S. geological institute), the quake occurred at 10.27 am (BST), at a depth of 632,9 km, and at 425 km northwest of Rio Branco, capital of the state of Acre. The quake was slightly felt in the region, and there were no reports of victims. About three years later, on May 24, 2010, another earthquake, with a force of 6.5 was registered. Witnesses reported not having felt this quake.
2007 Gold medal for the Brazilian handball team at the Panamerican Games, after having beaten Cuba.
Handball was added to the Panamerican Games in 1987. In Cuba 1991, there was no women’s handball competition. Brazil won bronze in 1987 and 1995, and gold in 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2011.
foto: video still ESPN Brazil
2007 Gold medal for Brazilian Danielle Zangrando (judo, until 57kg).
Judoka Danielle beat American Valerie Gotay in the final. At the age of 16, she won bronze during the world championships in 1995.
(Friend’s Day). This day was introduced by Argentine Enrique Ernesto Febbraro. He was inspired by the first man on the moon on July 20, 1969, which day was not only a technological milestone, but also a day that provides opportunities to make friendships with anyone, on the Earth and beyond. In 1979, the day was introduced in Argentina by decree 235/79, and Brazil followed little time later. In 1985, the United Nations added this day on their calendar, followed by more than one hundred nations. On April 27, 2011, the United Nations declared July 30 as the International Day of Friendship.
“Não sei se a vida é curta ou longa demais para nós, Mas sei que nada do que vivemos Tem sentido se não focamos o coração das pessoas E isso não é coisa de outro mundo. É o sentido da vida! É o que faz com que ela não seja nem curta, nem longa demais Mas que seja intensa, verdadeira, para enquanto durar. Muitas vezes basta ser Colo que acolhe, braço que envolve, Palavra que conforta, silêncio que respeita, alegria que contagia,
Lágrima que corre, olhar que acaricia, desejo que sacia, amor que promove.”
Cora Coralina
Nunca foi um bom amigo quem por pouco quebrou a amizade.
A good friend does not end a friendship because of a minor issue. Popular saying
O que é um amigo? Uma única alma habitando dois corpos.
What is a friend? That is the only soul that houses in two bodies.
Aristoteles
AMIGO…
É COISA BOA,
É COISA LINDA,
É COISA CHATA,
É TUDO E MAIS UM POUCO,
É PARA TODOS E PARA NINGUÉM,
É COISA PARA TODO HORA.
AMIGO É INDEFINIDO.
AMIGO É DA GENTE PARA TODO A GENTE.
E DE GENTES PARA NOSSA GENTE.
AMIGO É ASSIM, AMIGO.
(World Friendship Day). Another confusing date. In 1935, the American Congress introduced the National Friendship Dayon the first Sunday in August.. This initiative was followed by a number of other nations. In contrast, in for example Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, the Dia do (or del) Amigo is on July 20, today.
Dia do Revendedor de Petróleo e Derivados / dos Postos de Gasolina
Born in Ceará (1844), padre Cícero Romão Batista may be considered as a Messiah for the poor people in Northeast Brazil. The large majority in this region is catholic, but they consider the Vatican as too distant from them. Not only in kilometers, but also in the understanding of their harsh circumstances. Therefore, they are very sensitive for charismatic people who appear to be as poor and humble as they are. A good start for a charismatic public figure as Padre Cicero. A saint for the one, a demagogue of the other. The legend around the priest was born in 1889. During the mass, one of the worshipers was not able to swallow the Host, because it was transformed in a red substance. Investigations did not reveal its origin, and this happening was considered as a miracle. It was not the only ‘miracle’. Soon pilgrimages were organized to this chapel. Cicero even became politician, became major of his parish. That gained him many opponents. The catholic church blocked his religious tasks. After his death, his town Juazeiro became one of the most significant pilgrimage sites in Brazil, with more than 2 million pilgrims annually. Some among them arrive on their bleeding knees at the statue, in their eyes a sacred place.
Haroldo was one of the most influential composers of carnival music in Rio de Janeiro, in the past century. During his productive life he wrote no less than 453 musics; more than 300 of them were carnival musics. Haroldo did not enjoy his ultimate success, “Que Tristeza”, since he died of a heart attack prior to the first performance.
Alberto Santos Dumont is the principal Brazilian aviation pioneer. He made his first motorized flight in 1906. source
SANTOS DUMONT
O Reporte da História
‘O Pai da Aviação’
Life and Works 1
Life and Works 2
1903 Inauguration Marco das Três Fronteiras.
In Foz do Iguaçu, the borders of Argentina (Puerto Iguazú), Paraguay (Puerto Presidente Franco), and Brazil form a triple frontier. In each of the mentioned locations an obelisk as been erected as a landmark. The three obelisks form a equilateral triangle, as a symbol of equality and fraternity between the three countries. The Brazilian as well as the Argentinean obelisk were erected on July 20, 1903, each decorated in the national colors. In the near future, a second ‘Friendship Bridge’ between Paraguay and Brazil will be constructed. Also a panoramic tower has been designed.
TRÊS FRONTEIRAS
(Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina)
Brazil
Argentina
Bridging the borders?
Showing the three columns
1874 Second attack against the Citadel of the Muckers – movement of protestant colonists in Rio Grande do Sul
2007 Panamerican Games, judo: Gold medal for Edinanci Silva, after defeating the Cuban Yurisel Laborde
Edinanci also won the gold medal at the 2003 Panamerican Games. She won bronze twice at the World Championships in 1997 and in 2003.
2007 Panamerican Games, judo: Gold medal for Tiago Camilo, after defeating the Cuban Jorge Benavides.
Tiago also won the gold medal at the Panamerican Games in 2003 and 2011. He became world champion in 2007, and gained silver (2000), and bronze (2008) at the Olympic Games.
2007 Panamerican Games, swimming: Gold medal for Thiago Pereira (200 m medley).
Thiago won six golden medals during the 2007 edition, and more six during the 2011 edition of the Panamerican Games. He reached 5th (2004) and 4th (2008) during the Olympic Games (200 m medley).
(Charity). Many religions encourage the worshipers to donate to poor people. The christian doctrine encourages to donate openly, but that it is preferable to donate discretely. The Islam has the zakat (‘purification’), the third of the five pillars of the Islam. The worshipers are obliged to donate a fix share of their income and capital to the poor people, or to causes that are beneficial for the Islam, such as the contributions for the construction and maintenance of mosques. The day was established by Lei (law) 5,063 in 1966.
(Soccer). On 19 July 1900, the first Brazilian soccer club was founded: Sport Club Rio Grande. In 1894, soccer was introduced from England by Charles Miller (from São Paulo),when he returned from England with two soccer balls and his acquired knowledge of the game rules. The first international match of the Brazilian national team was played in 1914, against the English club Exter City. Due to the fabulous talents of Pelé and Garrincha for example, Brazil has gained international recognition as a principal soccer nation. Brazil has won the World Cup five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, and 2002.
HYMNS OF THE PRINCIPAL
BRAZILIAN SOCCER TEAMS
Teams from the state of São Paulo
Teams from the state of Rio de Janeiro
Teams from the state of Rio Grande do Sul
Teams from the state of Minas Gerais
Teams from the state of Pernambuco
Teams from the state of Bahia
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1900 Foundation of the oldest (still active) Brazilian soccer club, Sport Clube Rio Grande (SCRG).
The club was founded by Johannes Christian Moritz Minnemann. In 1936, SCRG won the championship of the Gaúcho competition (Rio Grande do Sul). At present, SCRG participates in the second division of the Gaúcho competition. Due to its reputation as oldest club, SCRG received the nickname ‘Vovó” (grandpa).
2004 Launch of the national campaign ‘O Melhor do Brasil é o Brasileiro’ (The Best of Brazil is the Brazilian).
The campaign was launched with the intention to rescue the self-esteem of Brazilians, that appeared to be low. Brazil and Brazilians did not play significant roles in history, with the exception of certain sportive achievements (as in soccer and volleyball). One of the campaign elements was the slogan ‘Eu sou brasileiro e não nunca desisto’ (I am Brazilian and will never desist). The immense campaign was launched in the presence of President Lula.
2007 Launch of the suborbital rocket VSB-30 V4 by Agência Espacial Brasileira (Brazilian Space Agency).
VSB stands for ‘Veículo de Sondagem Booster’ (Booster Sounding Vehicle), a type of a suborbital rocket. The rocket was developed in cooperation with DLR (German Space Agency). The 12.6 meter long rocket is able to carry a load of about 400 kg, to a height of 270 km. The first launch in Alcântara (MA) was on October 23, 2004. The second and third launches were in Sweden, in order to obtain European qualification certificates. The fourth launch, in Alcântara, was partly successful. There were problems with the parachutes and the localization system, and the rocket disappeared in the ocean. In 2009, the VSB gained international qualification and now may become a successful Brazilian export product.
2008 Death of Brazilian actress Dercy Gonçalves (1907)
Dercywas born as Dolores Gonçalves Castro in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1907. She was born in a poor family and dreamed of a singing career. She started her career at the age of sixteen, when she escaped her house and joined a traveling theater company. She soon lost her voice, but she quickly gained fame as a comedienne. Dercy started her movie career in 1943 in ‘Samba em Berlim’. In 1958, she starred in ‘A Grande Vedete‘, which may be considered as one of her career highlights. In 1957, she made her television debut. She joined Globo and she became very popular with the Sunday broadcast ‘Dercy de Verdade’, which gained more than seventy percent of the television viewers. In 1991, she was honored in the samba enredo of samba school Viradouro. At the age of 83, she participated in the parade and caused controversy when she showed her bare breasts. She was the actress with the longest career, more than eighty years, according to the Guiness Book of Records. According to her last will, she is buried in upright position in a self-created mausoleum, which resembles the pyramid of the Louvre in Paris.
(Troubadour). The word is probably derived from Latin (trobaire: poet). Every troubadour (or minstrel) is a poet, but not every poet is a troubadour. The ‘trova’ is a ballad that consists of four rhyming strophes. The verses were sung around since the Medieval Ages by troubadours or minstrels. In 1950, a cultural movement emerged, that reflected upon the trova: “Trovismo”. This term was invented by poet/ politician J. G. de Araújo Jorge and by poet Gilson de Castro, better known for his pseudonym Luiz Otávio (18 juli 1916-1977). In 1960, their dream became true: The foundation of an official union (União Brasileira de Trovadores) and their work “Os Primeiros Jogos Florais”. Luiz Otávio was honored as the “Prince of the Brazilian “Trovadores”. In 1980, neotrovismo emerged, by the foundation of the “Clube dos Trovadores Capixabas” by poet Clério José Borges: a new boot for Trovismo. At present, more than 3000 trovadores are active in Brazil; their symbol is the rose, their patron saint is St. Francis of Assisi.
Saudade palavra doce que traduz tanto amargor; saudade é como se fosse espinho cheirando a flor…
BASTOS TIGRE
B- Trovas Filosóficas (philosophic): Thoughts.
Duas vidas todos temos, muitas vezes sem saber: — a vida que nós vivemos, e a que sonhamos viver…
LUIZ OTÁVIO
C- Trovas Humorísticas (humoristic): Comedy.
Eu, trabalhar desse jeito, com a força que Deus me deu, pra sustentar um sujeito vagabundo que nem eu ???…
ORLANDO BRITO
TROVADOR
O Menestrel Moacir Reis (Florianópolis)
O Menestrel Moacir Reis
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1967 Death of Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (1897-1967), former president of Brazil.
Humberto was a military officer, and was colonel in the Brazilian Expeditionary Force that battled in Italy during the Second World War. We was appointed as chief of the army staff by president Goulart. He was one of the coup members that ousted the same Goulart in 1964. Two weeks after the coup, Humberto was sworn in as the new president. During his mandate until March 1967, all leftist parties became dismantled. The Brazilian airline company Panair (part of Panam at that time) had to end the activities, and Varig took the position of national airline carrier. Shortly after his resignation as president, he was killed in a plane crash in Fortaleza. It remains unclear whether this plane crash was an accident or not.
1841 Coronation of D. Pedro II as emperor of Brazil.
Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Bragança e Habsburgo, is the complete name of Dom Pedro II (1825-1891). In 1831, his father, Dom Pedro I, abdicated, after fierce protests of the Brazilians against his inability to govern Brazil and against his participation in the Portuguese Civil War (Pedro was king Pedro IV in Portugal). Following his abdication, Pedro’s daughter Maria ascended the Portuguese throne at the age of fifteen. At that time, little Pedro was only five. Regents governed Brazil until 1840, when the Brazilian parliament judged 14-year old Pedro old enough to govern Brazil. This motto was ‘União e Indústria, “Union and Industry”. He guided Brazil into the industrialist period. Pedro II governed no less than 58 years, until the military coup in 1889. Two years later, he died in Paris, where he lived in exile. His body was later transferred to Brazil, and he now is buried in Petrópolis.
1821 Annexation of Banda Oriental (future Uruguay) by the Portuguese.
Banda Oriental was added as the province Cisplatina to the Brazilian colony. The Uruguayans battled for their independence for 19 years. In 1811, Southern American Liberation Wars were in full progress, the Uruguayan hero José Gervasio Artigas (1764-1850) battled together with the Argentinians against the Spanish rulers and defeated them. José returned to Uruguay (then called Banda Oriental, after the eastern margin of the Uruguay River), where he started the siege of Montevideo. The Portuguese, in turn, invaded Banda Oriental, but the city was spared. Artigas became leader of the people of Banda Oriental, that joined the Federation of River Plate (future Argentina). The Portuguese invaded, secretly agreed by Argentina, Banda Oriental in 1816. Artigas lost the battle against the Portuguese, and exiled himself to Paraguay. Following the annexation in 1821, revolutions broke out, until the nation declared itself independent in 1825. Together with Argentina, the young independent country Brazil fought a 500-day war, until the ratification of a treaty in 1828, confirming the independence of Uruguay.
source The country was almost completely deserted
for a short time, because of the fights.
Independence process of Uruguay
1971 Final match of Pelé in Brazilian Team.
At the age of 16, Pelé entered the Brazilian national team. In the match against Argentina, Pelé scored, but Brazil lost 1-2. At the age of 17, Pelé won his first World Cup. He participated in four world cups (1958-1962-1966-1970), but did not win in 1966. His ultimate match in Maracanã was witnessed by almost 140 thousand spectators. They pleaded him to stay. Pelé was very nervous before this match, and did not score. He was very emotional when he was substituted. Pele played 115 times for the national team and scored 95 times. Obviously, he did not win the Copa América. His ultimate match as professional was in 1977, during a match between New York Cosmos and Santos.
‘Pelé was considering to continue in the second half’
1892 Creation of a Bacteriological Laboratory in the state of São Paulo, by Lei nº 43.
The Instituto Bacteriológico e o Laboratório de Análises Químicas e Bromatológicas was the precursor of the renown Butantan Institute. French scientist Félix le Dantec was the first director. After six months, he was succeeded by Brazilian scientist Adolfo Lutz. Theinstitutemanaged to control epidemics of cholera, yellow fever and bubonic plague. The Butantan Institute was created in 1901.
BUTANTÃ (BUTANTAN) INSTITUTE
Instituto Butantã
TVendo e Aprendendo:
Instituto Butantan
Instituto Butantan Part 1
Instituto Butantan Part 2
Instituto Butantan Part 3
Instituto Butantan Part 4
Instituto Butantan Part 5
Instituto Butantan Part 6
1959 First appearance of the dog Bidu as a comic in the jornal ‘Folha de São Paulo.
The dog, inspired upon a schnauzer, was created by cartoonist Maurício de Souza. The cartoonist later became famous with his creation of ‘Turma da Monica’.
copyright: Maurício de Souza
1987 Death of Gilberto Freyre (1900), sociólogist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, and politician.
Gilberto is widely known for his anthropological studies of races and cultures in Brazil. His best known work is ‘Casa Grande & Senzala’ (The Masters and the Slaves), about the black heritage in Brazil.
GILBERTO FREYRE
De Lá Pra Cá 1
De Lá Pra Cá 2
De Lá Pra Cá 3
De Lá Pra Cá 4
Caminho Gilberto Freyre 1
Caminho Gilberto Freyre 2
Caminho Gilberto Freyre 3
Caminho Gilberto Freyre 4
1913 Introduction of four time zones in Brazil, by law.
From east to west, Brazil measures more than 4300 kilometers. In 1884, it was decided, after a meeting of 24 countries, to introduce time zones. The time zones divided the states of Pará and Amazonas in two time zones. In 2008, these divisions disappeared, following slight adaptation of the time zones. Since 1931, Brazil has summer time from October to February. Also in 2008, it was decided that the southern Brazilian states will have a summer time from the third Sunday in October until the third Sunday in February. In 2011, Bahia joined this group of states.
The left map shows the initial time zones. In 2008, the times zones were adapted, the zones within the states of Amazonas and Pará disappeared. The right map shows the states with summer time (darker color)
1841 Luís Alves de Lima e Silva promoted to Brigade General and awarded the title of Baron of Caxias.
Luís received the title because of this peaceful approach to bring Maranhão back under central control.
1824 Arrival of the first 39 German migrants in Porto Alegre (RS).
This group of German colonists arrived as a result of an imperial program to colonize Southern Brazil. They arrived in the then called Province of São Pedro, and continued their travel to São Leopoldo, where they arrived on July 25.
1847 Death of Bento Gonçalves (Leader of the Farrapos Revolution).
Bento was born in Triunfo (RS) in 1788. He is considered as one of the most important people in the history of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Bento, together with Antônio de Souza Neto and Italian freedom fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi, fought in independence war (1835-1845) against the Brazilian Empire. The revolutionaries (farrapos or raggamuffins) were defeated, and peace was offered by Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva, general of the imperial army (see above). In return, the farrapos chose Luiz as their state president.
1969 Safe of Adhemar de Barros, governor of São Paulo, robbed by rebels of VAR-Palmares.
The money – now worth about 15 million euros – was the so-called ‘caixinha’ of the corrupt activities of the ex-governor. Planning of the robbery was worked out in deep detail, and participated by 13. Dilma was linked to this rebel group. The money was transferred to a Swiss bank account, and was used for financing movements against the dictatorship. See also the articles of IstoÉand brasil247.
Dia da Proteção às Florestas/ Dia do Protetor Florestal
(Protection, protector of the Forests). Unfortunately, deforestation is still going on, worldwide. Not only the Amazon Forest, but also the immense forests in Central Africa and South-East Asia lose much of their area… .
Deforestation of the Amazon Forest
Dia do Submarinista
(Submarine sailor). On July 17, 1914, the submarine unit (Comando da Força de Submarinos), part of the Brazilian Navy, was created. At present, the Brazilian Navy has four submarines of the Tupi class, and one of the Tikuna class (constructed in Brazil). There are plans to construct nuclear submarines; these reactors could also provide electricity to a number of smaller of Brazilian cities.
BRAZILIAN SUBMARINES
Comando das Força de Submarinos
Construction of a Brazilian Nuclear Submarine
Submarines defend Brazilian oil wells
Nuclear submarines (2004)
Dia do Santo Aleixo, padroeiro dos mendigos
(Saint Alexius, patron saint of the beggars and the poor). Aleixo was son of a Roman senator, and was born around 350. His parents taught him to be merciful to the poor people. Aleixo was intending to dedicate his life to God and to have a humble life, but his parents already had arranged a rich bride for him. At the wedding night, he received permission from his bride to leave her and to dedicate himself to God. According to the legend, a holy image of Mary spoke about him, that he was holy, a man of God. He escaped from his normal life, and continued as a beggar. He returned to the home of his parents, where he lived in a small space under the stairs. His parents did not recognize him. The servants were mean to him, but he did not reveal his true identity. After his death on July 17, his family found a small letter on his corpse, revealing his identity. He was buried in the graveyard of his family.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1994 Brazil beat Italy (after penalty kicks) in the final of FIFA World Cup in the United States, and became world champion for the fourth time (tetracampeão).
More than 94 thousand soccer fans watched the final in the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California. There was no score in the regular playing time, and no goal was scored in the extra time. Roberto Baggio was the third Italian player to miss the penalty. The cup was dedicated to Formula One racer Ayrton Senna, who died earlier that year.
Match highlights
1661 Jesuits expelled from Pará.
Father Antônio Vieira, from Portugal, was one of them. The colonization of Northern Brazil was in full progress. The colonists used indians as their slaves. The Jesuits took care of the indians and demanded that they should be released. A conflict was ignited, and escalated with the exile of the Jesuits from Maranhão and Grão-Pará. The Portuguese father was then involved in more conflicts, and was exiled several times.
