Brazilian Days 297
October 24
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DAY OF:
Dia das Nações Unidas
(United Nations Day). This day marks the day in 1945 when the UN Charter entered into force. The UN day has been celebrated since 1948. In 1971, the General Assembly of the UN recommended the member states to have this day observed as a public holiday.
UNITED NATIONS DAY
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| The United Nations: It’s Your World |
United Nations Day: The Millenium Development Goals |
Dia Internacional da Informação sobre o Desenvolvimento
(World Development Information Day). In 1972, this day was instituted by the General Assembly, in order to draw attention of world public opinion to development problems and the need to strengthen international cooperation to solve them.
“[…] Information and communications technologies have the potential to provide new solutions to development challenges, particularly in the context of globalization, and can foster economic growth, competitiveness, access to information and knowledge, poverty eradication and social inclusion […]”
General Assembly Resolution
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1669
Foundation of the city of Manaus, capital of the state of Amazonas (AM).
Manaus, slightly smaller than Flanders, is located at the confluence of the Solimões and Negro rivers. Since the discovery of the Amazon River in 1540, English, Spanish, Dutch and French invaders tried to exploit the region. Only in 1639, the Portuguese managed to expel them. In 1669, a start was made with the construction of a fortification. At this location a small settlement was erected: Lugar do Barra, the original location of Manaus. In 1833, the settlement gained the status of a village and received its actual name: Manaus. It means ‘Mother of God’. On 5 September 1850, the Province of Amazonas was created, and Manaus became the capital. At the end of the 19th century, Manaus became the center of booming rubber plantations, and a level of wealth which was not met elsewhere in Brazil. When rubber plantations emerged in other countries, Manaus became impoverished. In 1967, the Brazilian government created the ‘Zona Franca de Manaus’, a duty-free zone. As a result industrial activities and tourism are booming.
MANAUS (AM)
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| Manaus, Amazonas – A Metrópole da Amazônia |
World Cup Brazil 2014 – Manaus / Amazonas |
| Manaus-Brasil |
Manaus, Brazil – a walk near the harbor (video) |
| Manaus, diferente de tudo mas com cara de Brasil! |
Uma viagem pelos principais pontos turísticos da Amazônia |
1933
Foundation of Cidade de Goiás, now called Goiânia, capital of the state of Goiás (GO).
It took almost a century since the discovery of the Brazilian coast, when the first pioneers entered the highlands of Western Brazil, in search of gold and other precious metals and stones. One of the principal pioneers, who entered the state of Goiás in 1725, was Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, nicknamed the Anhangüera. In 1727, the first chapel was raised in Arraial da Barra (later renamed in Vila Boa, and now part of Goiás), dedicated to Sant’Ana. The long distance between São Paulo, capital of the capitania São Paulo, of which the newly settled area was part of, and Arraial da Barra made the administration of the new settlement complicated. Therefore, the new capitania of Goiás was created in 1748, with Vila Boa as the capital. In 1830, plans were made to transfer the capital northward, to be more accessible by the rivers. It was not until 1930, when Pedro Ludivico Teixeira, a representative of the federal government to organize the transfer of the capital, started with the transfer procedure. The decision came in 1933, the first foundation stone was laid on October 24. In 1937, Goiânia became the official new capital of Goiás. The official inauguration took place five years later, in 1942. Already in 1950, the new capital surpassed the limit of fifty thousand inhabitants, the number for which the city was planned. Rapid expansion took place in the suburbs, the population increased to 700,000 in 1980. At present, the city hosts more than 1.3 million inhabitants.
GOIÂNIA (GO)
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| Goiânia City – Brazil HD |
Goiânia City – Brazil HD | part 2 |
| Goiânia – A Capital Verde |
Goiânia – Goiás – Brasil (Nova Versão) |
| Historia de Goiânia |
Goiânia sua construçao. |
1930
Military coup against President Washington Luis.
Washington Luis Pereira de Sousa, born in Macaé (RJ), was installed as president of Brazil on 15 November 1926. The 1930 elections resulted in a victory of Julio Prestes, the candidate appointed by Washington Luis to be his successor. However, the opposition accused the government of fraud during the elections. The state of Minas Gerais (president Washington Luis was the ultimate president of the so-called café-com-leite politics, which resulted in silent agreements of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais of each other’s candidates for the presidency) sensed that it was no longer respected as fully equal state by São Paulo. They started to support the opposition formed by the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba (‘Aliança Libertora’). Their presidential candidate was Getúlio Vargas, with João Pessoa as vice-president. The murder of João Pessoa aggravated the political crisis. The coup leaders formed a three-men junta, and ruled for ten days only. They then handed over the power to Getúlio Vargas, who was installed as president of Brazil on 3 November. The coup against Washington Luis marked the end of ‘República Velha’ (Old Republic).
1930 REVOLUTION
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| 1930,tempo de revolução |
1930, A Revolução de 30 Inicia a Era de Vargas – Testemunha da História |
| Revolução de 30 – parte 01 (De lá pra cá – TV Brasil) |
Revolução de 30 – parte 02 (De lá pra cá – TV Brasil) |
1896
Creation of the General Staff of the Army (Estado Maior do Exército)
The EME was created by Lei (Act) 403 and ratified by President Prudente de Morais, in order to reform the army into a modern institution, with the capability to defend the nation and to maintain the laws within the nation. Its headquarters are located in Brasília. One of the notable commanders was dictatorial president Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco.
1932
Birth of journalist and cartoonist Ziraldo Alves Ponto, creator of ‘Menino Maluquinho’
Ziraldo was born in Caratinga, Minas Gerais. He stated his career in the Fifties with cartoons and drawings in various newspapers and magazines. Ziraldo became famous when the first cartoon magazine with drawings from only one cartoonist was issued: ‘A Turma do Pererê’. During the military dictatorship, he was one of the founders of a non-conformist magazine: ‘O Pasquim’. His cartoons had a more adult style, he gained many fans. In 1969, his first children’s book was published: ‘FLICTS’. From 1979, he dedicated himself to children’s books only. In 1980, Ziraldo created ‘O Menino Maluquinho’ , which had become one of the most famous fictional characters in Brazil. His works have been translated into various languages, including English, French, German, and Spanish.
ZIRALDO & MENINO MALUQUINHO
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| Roda Viva com Ziraldo |
Ziraldo – Programa do Jô |
| Menino Maluquinho: O Filme (1994) |
Filme – Menino Maluquinho 2, A Aventura (1997) |
1968
Machine gun attack on Dom Helder Câmara’s residence.
The attack was performed by a group of government supporters, since Dom Helder was.fiercely opposed against the military dictatorship. The residence, Igreja das Fronteiras, was attacked by a group of four armed and masked men, at 3 am. While they were shooting at the church wall, they shouted “Morte ao arcebispo vermelho, Arcebispo de Moscou” (Death to the red arch bishop, arch bishop of Moscow). IT was the second attack in only one week, while Dom Helder was traveling. The journal attributed the attacks to the organization ‘Comando de Caça aos Comunistas (CCC; Command of Communist Hunters). Dom Helder, born on 7 February 1909 in Fortaleza, was arch bishop in Recife from 1964 until 1985. He died in 1999. Dom Helder was nominated four times for the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1970, president Ernesto Medici gave the Brazilian ambassador in Norway personal instructions to attempt to block the prize for the arch bishop.
DOM HELDER CÂMARA
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| DOM HELDER CAMARA – O SANTO REBELDE |
O Herói Dom Hélder Câmara: ” Pai dos Pobres e Irmão de João Paulo II”. |
| Ditadura e Dom Hélder Câmara. |
Dom Hélder Câmara e as obras sociais. |
1983
Vandalism at train station Ermelino Matarazzo in the Eastern Zone of the City of São Paulo, by a group of five thousand people.
The group acted violently because of the train delay of 26 minutes. On 17 September 2012, the train station again suffered vandalism by a group of 2000 people. The train station is located at Linha 12 Safira, which is considered as problematic. Recently, train stations, including Comendador Ermelino, have been modernized.
By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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