May | Inside Brazil

Brazilian Days 149

May 29

DAY OF:

Dia Internacional dos Mantenedores da Paz das Nações Unidas
(UN Peacekeeping Force). Since 1948, thousands of ‘blue helmets’ have been sent, with a mandate provided by the UN Security Council, to conflict regions anywhere in the world. Brazil participates with over 2200 soldiers, mainly in the Haiti mission. On 29 May 1948, the first UN Peacekeeping mission: United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), based in the Middle East. This mission is still going on. In 2001, the day was established by the General Assembly.

UN PEACEKEEPING

In the cause of Peace: Honouring 60 years of UN Peacekeeping	Law. Order. Peace: UN Peacekeeping and Rule of Law

UN Peacekeeping animation – Security and rule of law in the field	The War Against War – What is Peacekeeping?

Brazilian Peacekeepers in action	Embarque dos Militares para a Missão de Paz no Haiti

Dia do Geógrafo
(Geographer). Geography describes the physical (Physical Geography) and human (Human Geography) aspects of the world around us. A versatile profession, thanks to our rapidly changing world. This day was established in 1945. Before 1945, the day of Geographical Engineer was held on 11 December, for 12 years.

GEOGRAPHY

D-22 – O que é Geografia?	Dia do Geógrafo \| 29 de maio

Dia do Geógrafo e A sua Profissão Parte I	Dia do Geógrafo e A sua Profissão Parte II

Dia do Estatístico
(Statistician). THe day refers to the foundation of the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Géografia e Estatística; IBGE), in 1936. IBGE provides Brazilian statistical data, such as data of the census, most recently held in 2010.

STATISTICS

Dia do Estatístico \| 29 de maio	História da Estatística

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1999
Death of athlete João Carlos de Oliveira, nicknamed “João do Pulo”

JOÃO DO PULO

João Carlos de Oliveira (João do Pulo) – 1999	Homenagem para João do Pulo

1936
Creation of Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE; Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics)

IBGE

Histórico de 70 anos do IBGE (1936-2006)	IBGE divulga dados do Censo 2010

1919
First Copa América title for Brazilian soccer team.
Brazil beat Uruguay in the final. The Brazilian team: Bianco, Fortes, Millon, Sérgio, Marcos, Amilcar, Píndaro, Neco, Heitor, Arnaldo, Friedenreich. Friedenreich scored the winning goal in the 122nd minute.

1930
Manifest of Luís Carlos Prestes against Getúlio Vargas’ program

1999
Death of presbyterian minister James Wright, coordinator of the project ‘Brasil: Nunca Mais’

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 148

May 28

DAY OF:

Dia Mundial Contra a Mortalidade Materna
(Combat against Maternal Mortality). Maternal mortality is defined as the death of the mother during the gestation period until 42 days after the childbirth. The WHO states that the number of 20 deaths per 100 thousand pregnant woman may be considered as acceptable. In contrast, the number of 150 is far too high and therefore unacceptable. In this respect, Brazil has a number of 58, according to official publications (data 2008). About 800 women die worldwide during gestation or childbirth, about 1 every 2 minutes. Every minute, 380 women become pregnant; about half of these pregnancies wasn’t planned. This day was introduced in 1948, in the Netherlands, as Day for Action of Women’s Health.

MATERNAL MORTALITY

Mortalidade Materna	Cai 19% número de mortalidade materna no 1º semestre de 2011 em relação a 2010

Dia Mundial de Redução da Mortalidade Materna	AgendaSUS – 23 fev \| Divulgação dos números da mortalidade materna

Dia Internacional de Luta Pela Saúde da Mulher
(International Day of Action for Women’s Health). The feminist movements in the 70s and 80s of the past centuries led to the statement that women themselves should decide about their health, In 1984, the International Women and Health Meeting (IWHM) was held, with the theme “No to Population Control… Women Decide!”. In another IWHM meeting, in 1987, the decision was made to create the International Day of Action for Women’s Health, to be held on 28 May.

Dia da Cerâmica / Dia do Ceramista
(Ceramics, Ceramist). This blog shows dozens of examples of ceramic artists in Latin America, mainly in Brazil.

CERAMICS

Ceramista Maria do Amparo – Da Mão-de-Obra à Obra-de-Arte (Parte 1)	Ceramista Maria do Amparo – Da Mão-de-Obra à Obra-de-Arte (Parte 2)

Ceramista Maria do Amparo – Da Mão-de-Obra à Obra-de-Arte (Parte 3)	Dia do ceramista — TV Informativo

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1988
Death of Brazilian painter Alfredo Volpi

Volpi

ALFREDO VOLPI

Alfredo Volpi Sua história e suas obras	ALFREDO VOLPI – Dez curiosidades e principais obras

Especial Volpi (Tv Cultura 1975-76) Parte 1/2	Especial Volpi (Tv Cultura 1975-76) Parte 2/2

1902
Foundation of 2nd Partido Socialista Brasileiro (Brazilian Socialist Party), in São Paulo.
The first Partido Socialista Brasileiro was founded in 1890. This (extinct) party has no link with the actual PSB.

1537
Papal bull against enslavement of indigenous.
Pope Paul III issued the bull ‘Sublimus Dei’ which prohibited enslavement of indigenous.

1945
Re-creation of Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE; Supreme Electoral Court) by Decreto-Lei nº 7.586
The TSE already was created on 24 February 1932. Five years later, with the introduction of a new constitution, the TSE was dissolved by President Getúlio Vargas.

1949
Death of Marshal Isidoro Dias Lopes
(Marshal Isodoro was leader of the Paulista Revolutions)

2004
Departure of Brazilian soldiers to Haiti.
The unit became integrated in the International Peace Force of the United Nations.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 147

May 27

DAY OF:

Dia Nacional da Mata Atlântica
(Atlantic Forest) The Atlantic Forest, the scientifically correct name Floresta Ombrófila Mista (mixed, shadow-loving forest) is mainly found parallel to the eastern Brazilian coastline: from Rio Grande do Norte to Rio Grande do Sul. In total more than 1.5 million square km, of which seven percent is primeval, and about 100 million hectares (still equal to the size of France plus Spain) is more or less uninterrupted. The forest type is characterized by a humid climate, very dense and ever green. The species diversity is fabulous: no less than fifteen percent of all plant and animal species on earth are found in these forests. More than 650 bird species are counted: more than all European bird species together. The Atlantic Forest is, as is the case with the Amazon Forest, seriously threatened by exploitation and illegal logging. Many plant and animal species living in this forest type are threatened with extinction.

ATLANTIC FOREST

Meio e Ambiente – 27 de maio – Dia Nacional da Mata Atlântica : Parte 1/3	Meio e Ambiente – 27 de maio – Dia Nacional da Mata Atlântica : Parte 2/3

Meio e Ambiente – 27 de maio – Dia Nacional da Mata Atlântica : Parte 3/3	Mata Atlântica – Biodiversidade

Mata Atlântica CNRBMA – Parte 1	Mata Atlântica CNRBMA – Parte 2

Mata Atlântica CNRBMA – Parte 3	Mata Atlântica 2012

Dia do Securitário
(Insurance Agent)

Dia do Profissional Liberal
(Freelancer, Independent). Various professions are considered as Profissão Liberal in Brazil: lawyers, dentists, psychologists, architects and journalists.

PROFISSIONAL LIBERAL

Profissionais Liberais	Profissional Liberal – Saiba como ser um profissional liberal

É Direito Nosso – Profissional Liberal	Profissionais Liberais – Reflexão

Dia do Serviço de Saúde do Exército
(Military Medical Service). The day refers to the birth of the patron of the Brazilian Medical Troops, João Severiano da Fonseca (1836-1897).Fonseca studied Medicine and was active in the combat against a cholera epidemic in Rio de Janeiro. He was awarded for his efforts by the government. Fonseca volunteered in the war of the triple Alliance against Paraguay, where he did a lot of medically related activities. Besides his work as a doctor, Fonseca also was active in geography and history.

SERVIÇO DE SAÚDE DO EXÉRCITO

Dia do Serviço de Saúde – Exército Brasileiro	Exército Brasileiro – Canção da Saúde

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

2001
Brazilian racer Hélio Castro Neves won the Indy 500
Hélio also won in 2002 and in 2009.

2001 INDY 500

IRL Indianapolis 500 2001 – Final 6 Laps	2001 IRL Indianapolis 500

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 146

May 26

DAY OF:

Dia do Revendedor Lotérico
(Lottery Seller). It is common in Portuguese cities to observe lottery sellers, who carry a big bunch of lottery tickets. Also in Brazil, you will meet lottery sellers in the streets. In addition, there are many little shops that sell such lottery tickets.

Dia da Recordação – homen. aos mortos na 2ª Guerra Mundial.
(Remembrance of the Brazilian death during WW II). In January 1942, German submarines attacked Brazilian merchant vessels. In August 1942, Brazil declared war to Germany and Italy. In July 1944, with – delayed – help of the United States, the Brazilian Air Force and the Brazilian Expedition Army were sent to Italy, in order to participate in the liberation of Italy. The Brazilians mainly fought at Monte Cassino, where they won a hard-fought battle. Students of the UNE (Brazilian Student Union) also participated in the expedition force. The Brazilian participation in the liberation of Europe was a striking contradiction to the situation in Brazil. Late October 1945, A military coup ended the dictatorship of President Vargas. In total, 3450 Brazilians died on the battle fields in WW II.

Dia Nacional de Combate ao Glaucoma
(Battle against Glaucoma). Glaucoma is an ocular disease, in which the pressure increases in the eyeball. This pressure increases the risk of loss of vision and even blindness, when the disease is not treated in an early stage. More than 900 thousand Brazilians suffer from glaucoma. On this day, free ocular tests are offered in various cities, in order to diagnose glaucoma at an early stage.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1986
Death of television presenter Flávio Cavalcanti (1986)

1968
First heart transplantation in Brazil, performed by Dr. Zerbini
The heart transplantation was also the first in Latin America.

1824
Recognition of Brazil by the United States

1969
Creation of Pacto Andino (Andes Pact) by signing the Agreement of Cartagena.
In 1996, Andes Pact was renamed into Community of Andean Nations. The Agreement of Cartagena was signed by representatives of Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. In 1977, Chile left the pact, while Venezuela was full member between 1973 and 2006, when it joined Mercosul. The four remaining countries form a common market with a bit less than 100 million people.

1892
Recognition of the Brazilian Republic by Russia

2002
Hélio Castro Neves won the 86ª edition of the 500 Miles of Indianapolis

2004
Realization of an intestinal transplantation in São José do Rio Preto
The patient died on 31 May 2004.

2005
Evangelists performed the 13ª Marcha para Jesus (March for Jesus) in São Paulo
More than 1,5 million people participated in this march.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 145

May 25

DAY OF:

Dia da Libertação da África
(Liberation of Africa)

Dia da Organização da Unidade Africana
(African Union). This day commemorates the foundation of the Organization of the African Union in 1963; since 2002, it is called the African Union.

Dia Internacional da África
(International Africa Day).

Dia da Polícia Militar
(Military Police, AC)

Dia do Massagista
(Masseur). The profession of masseur is regulated by law since 5 October 1961.

Dia da Industria/ Trabalhador Industrial
(Industry/ Industry Worker). This day was introduced in 1957. The top of the Brazilian industry (data from 2001):diesel, cars with engine smaller than 1000 cc, cars with engine larger than 1000 cc, iron and steel, sugar, beer, industrial alcohol, mobile phones.

Dia do Costureira
(Tailor, Fashion Designer)

Dia Nacional da Adoção
(Adoption). The date refers to the creation of Cadastro Nacional de Adoção (CNA; National Adoption Register) in 2008. More than four thousand children and teenagers are on the adoption list, while more than 26 thousand people are registered as adoption address. However, many registered people have specific preferences.

Dia do Trabalhador Rural
(Rural Worker). The day was established in 1963. Agriculture (dominated by the production of coffee, sugar and meat) is of great importance for Brazil. About 3.5 million square km of the total area of Brazil (8.5 million square km) is farmland; the total production accounts for one third of the national product, 40 percent of the export value,and offers work to more than 35 percent of the Brazilian workforce. Despite legal regulations, it is still hard for rural workers to maintain themselves and their families.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1992
Death of composer and musician Luizinho Eça

1818
Creation of Museu Nacional

MUSEU NACIONAL

Museu Nacional – Expedições	MUSEU NACIONAL UFRJ RIO DE JANEIRO

1824
Recognition of Brazil by the United States

1861
Teófilo Ottoni elected as director of Banco do Brasil

1968
First pancreas transplantation at Hospital Silvestre (RJ)

2002
Rebellion at Maximum Security Prison ‘Anísio Jobim’ in Manaus
The rebellion resulted in 13 deaths.

2003
Brazilian racer Gil de Ferran won Indy 500 in Indianápolis

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 144

May 24

DAY OF:

Dia do Café
(Coffee). The day was established in the Fifties of the past century, by the Brazilian Department of Industry and Commerce. However, according to ABIC (Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Café; Brazilian Associantion of Coffee Industry), the date was introduced in 2005. Other data of ‘Dia do Cafe’ are 14 April, 21 April, and 29 November.
Brazil is still world leader in coffee production. In total, more than 2 billion hectares in Brazil are used for coffee plantations. The production is about 2 billion kilos, worth about 2 billion euros. Minas Gerais is Brazilian market leader in coffee production (65 percent), followed by neighboring state of Espírito Santo. The origin of coffee culture is attributable to the smuggle of a couple of coffee beans by a French-Brazilian nobleman, Francisco de Mello Palheta, in 1727. The nobleman had a secret relationship with the wife of the Governor of Cayenne (now French Guyana), and smuggled the beans in a vase that was destined to the Brazilian woman. Thanks to him, more than twenty million Brazilians work in the coffee sector. About 95% of the Brazilians older than 15 drink at least one cup of coffee per day.

Dia do Datilógrafo
(Dactylograph). The first dactylograph was already patented in 1714 by Henri Mill (USA). In 1869, the Remington typewriter was introduced, and many typewriters appeared in offices. These typewriters were succeeded by electronic typewriters, and by computers. A Brazilian also had contributed to the development of the typewriter. In 1861, father João Azevedo developed the so-called ‘Mechanograph’.

Dia do Vestibulando
(Candidate Student). Typical Brazil: vestibular are preparatory studies and exams for admittance to the university. These exams are held once a year; usually at the end of the calendar year. The exams is divided into two stages. The first stage consists of multiple choice questions about eight subjects: Portuguese, one foreign language (English, French, or Spanish), Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geography, and History. The second stage is more specific to the discipline the students wants to study at the university. These exams contain open questions. The exams are considered as very tough: only the top ranking students are admitted.

Dia Nacional do Milho
(Corn). This day was established in 1965 (decreto 56,286), by the Brazilian Department of Agriculture. The exact date is established annually by the same Department. 24 May refers to the first Festa do Milho in Pato de Minas (MG) in 1959. Festas de Milho (Corn Parties) are accompanied by much folklore, parades and the election of the corn queen (Rainha do Milho). Around this time, corn is harvested in Brazil. In Brazil, about 18 kg of corn is consumed per capita, annually.

Dia da Infantaria do Exército
(Infantry). This day refers to the Battle of Tuiuti in Paraguay. The Tripe Alliance (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay) fought a bloody war against Paraguayan troops. The battle of Tuiuti resulted in nearly a thousand deaths at the allied side, and more than six thousand deaths at the Paraguayan side.

Dia do Radiotelegrafista / Dia do Telegrafista
(Telegraph / Telegrapher). This is one of the oldest commemorative data, established by the government: in 1944.

Dia Nacional do Detento
(Prisoner). On this day, attention is paid to prisoners who still have to endure harsh conditions in Brazilian prisons.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1985
Death of Brazilian singer Carlos Galhardo

1870
D. Pedro II liberated 70 slaves’ children at the Imperial Fazenda

1880
Visit of D. pedro II to the city of Campo Largo – PR

1819
Death of Bárbara Heliodora in Minas Gerais.
She was poet, heroin of the Inconfidência Mineira (Mineiro Conspiracy).

1866
Battle of Tuiuti
The battle – during the war between the Triple Alliance of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay against Paraguay – left 16 thousand people dead or seriously wounded.

1961
Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) do Caparaó (MG/ ES)

1992
Imprisonment of bispo (religious leader) Edir Macedo
He was liberated on 4 June 1992.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days 143

May 23

DAY OF:

Dia da Juventude Constitucionalista
(Constitutionalist Youth). 23 May 1932 is an important day in Brazilian history. Four students (Martins, Miragaia, Dráusio and Camargo) were killed in an confrontation with the police in São Paulo. They took part in a protest against the dictatorship of President Getúlio Vargas. The death of the four students ignited a revolt (by approximately 100 thousand people) against the dictatorship. This movement is called the MMDC movement, referring to the first letters of the students’ names. They protested for a new constitutional law. When Vargas frustrated the reform process, a civil war was started. Troops formed from the middle class battled in various Brazilian states, but didn’t managed to gain national support. About six months later, the remaining troops surrendered to the Federal Army. An obelisk in Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo commemorates the ‘Soldados de 32’.

REVOLUTION OF 1932

REVOLUÇÃO DE 1932 – JAMAIS SERÃO ESQUECIDOS….	Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(1/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(2/4)

BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(3/4)	BRAVOS PAULISTAS,Revolução Constitucionalista 1932.(4/4)

Dia Nacional da Radiodifusão Livre e Comunitária
(Free and Public Broadcast). Only since 1982, Brazil has a system of free and public broadcast.

Dia Nacional de Defesa das Florestas Brasileiras
(Protection of Brazilian Forests). Despite numerous attempts to protect the forests, deforestation is still going on.

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

1984
Prix de la FIPRESCI (International Federation of Film Critics Prize) for the Brazilian movie “Memórias do Cárcere”, directed by Nelson Pereira dos Santos, at Cannes

MEMÓRIAS DO CÁRCERE

Trechos do filme Memórias de um Carcere	Memórias do Cárcere (1984)

1962
Golden Palm of Cannes for the Brazilian movie “O pagador de promessas”, directed by Anselmo Duarte.

O PAGADOR DE PROMESSAS

O Pagador de Promessas – Trailer	Filme: O Pagador de Promessas – 1962

1985
Fifteen prisoners died within three months in prisons in Belo Horizonte – MG
The deaths were related to the very bad conditions of the prisons.

1535
Creation of Vila Velha – ES
The city is the oldest in the state of Espírito Santo.

VILA VELHA – ES

Vila Velha Espírito Santo ES Região Sudeste do Brasil – Documentário	Vila Velha – Invista nessa Cidade

Viajando Todo o Brasil – Vila Velha/ES – Especial	Um passeio por Vitória e Vila Velha

1865
Birth of Epitácio Pessoa, former president of Brazil (1919-1922).
Epitácio was born in Umbuzeiro (PB).

1901
Light (electricity company) authorized to install electric illumination in various districts in São Paulo.

1989
Creation of Reserva Biológica (Biological Reserve) do Tinguá, per Federal Decree nº 97.780

2001
Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) de Saint-Hilaire/Lange – PR

2003
Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Vieira de Mello appointed as UN representative in Iraq.

2005
Polícia Militar removed barricades at the slums of Morro do Alemão
The barricades had been erected by drug traffickers.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

DAY OF:

UN PEACEKEEPING

GEOGRAPHY

STATISTICS

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

JOÃO DO PULO

IBGE

DAY OF:

MATERNAL MORTALITY

CERAMICS

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

ALFREDO VOLPI

DAY OF:

ATLANTIC FOREST

PROFISSIONAL LIBERAL

SERVIÇO DE SAÚDE DO EXÉRCITO

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

2001 INDY 500

DAY OF:

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

DAY OF:

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

MUSEU NACIONAL

DAY OF:

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

DAY OF:

REVOLUTION OF 1932

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

MEMÓRIAS DO CÁRCERE

O PAGADOR DE PROMESSAS

VILA VELHA – ES

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