Brazilian Days 184
July 3
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DAY OF:
Dia do Algodão
(Cotton). The Incas already used cotton to make clothing. Portuguese settlers came into contact with Brazilian Indians who had experience to make clothes from cotton fibers. Not long after the discovery of Brazil in 1500, cotton plantations were established, mainly in the state of Maranhão. Exports showed a strong growth. Thanks to the American Civil War – where the cotton production had dropped – , large and profitable farms had been set up in the state of São Paulo, with exports destined for Europe. Brazil is a major cotton exporter (number five after India, China, the United States, and Australia), but also the second largest cotton importer. The imports come from Argentina, Paraguay, the United States, and more recently from African and Asian countries. In Brazil, more than 1 million hectares is occupied by cotton plantations, primarily in the southern states of Paraná and São Paulo.
ABRAPA – Brazilian cotton production and export
Dia dos Incrédulos
(Disbelievers)
Dia do Cooperativismo
(Cooperative Movement). Cooperative movement originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. It was Robert Owen – who had amassed a fortune, coincidence or not, in the cotton industry – who founded the first cooperation in Scotland. The first cooperative store was opened there by the working poor. With the profits from this shop they were better able to maintain themselves. Of greater influence were the Rochdale Principles, dating from 1844. These principles still form the framework for the current regulatory cooperatives. These statutes include: an open and voluntary membership, democratic control, autonomy and independence, profits are divided among the participants, improvement of education.
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Robert Owen
Dia do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica
(Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization). On July 3, 1978, the Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazonica (OTCA) Treaty was signed in Brasilia by the eight Amazon countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. In 1995, the ACTO (English acronym) was created with the aim to carry out the guidelines of the Convention: the sustainable development of the Amazon.
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Destination Amazônia 2009
Dia do Juiz de Paz
(Justice of the Peace). The Juiz de Paz confirms a civil marriage in Brazil by law.
MARRIAGE IN BRAZIL
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| Repórter Justiça – Casamento 1 |
Repórter Justiça – Casamento 2 |
| Repórter Justiça – Casamento 3 |
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Dia Nacional de Combate à Discriminação Racial
(Combating Racial Discrimination). In 1951 a law, Lei Afonso Arinos (1905-1990), came into effect, that proposed racial discrimination punishable, with associated penalties.
LEI AFONSO ARINOS
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| 60 Years Lei Afonso Arinos (‘De Lá pra Cá) 1/2 |
60 Years Lei Afonso Arinos (‘De Lá pra Cá) 2/2 |
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1892
Introduction of “Jogo do Bicho” by Baron de Drumond, in Rio de Janeiro.
The Baron wanted to refurbish the local zoo with the profits of this – still – illegal lottery. The lottery consists of 25 animals that represent the numbers 01 to 99. The gambler may bet any amount (even one centavo!), and will receive a multiple of his bet when he made a good guess. The payouts range from 25 to 50,000 times the bet, depending on the lottery type. This lottery is very popular in Rio de Janeiro, and is tolerated by the authorities. With this lottery, for example, the carnival and football clubs receive extra money.
The 25 animals and their corresponding lottery
numbers
Documentary Jogo do Bicho
1822
Creation of the Ministry of Justice
Shortly before the declaration of the independence of Brazil, prince-regent Dom Pedro issued a decree that created the ‘Secretaria de Estado de Negócios da Justiça’. In 1972, on the same day, the new office building of the Ministry of Justice was inaugurated. This building with a mixture of Gothic and modern elements, was designed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer.
Institutional Video
1978
Ratification of the OTCA document in Brasília. (See above).
By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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