Brazilian Days (275): October 2

Brazilian Days 275

October 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia dos Santos Anjos da Guarda

(Guardian angels). According to the church doctrine, God provides for every human being, who believes in Him, guardian angels, who give protection from the time of birth until the time of death.

GUARDIAN ANGELS
Santos Anjos da Guarda – Canção Nova – Santo do Dia!	Oração aos Anjos Guardiões

---

Dia do Quadro Complementar de Oficiais do Exército Brasileiro

(Brazilian Reserve officer). This day is introduced in 1989, by law.. Patron of this army unit is Maria Quitéria de Jesus (1792-1853), who is considered as the first female Brazilian soldier.

 

 

BRAZILIAN RESERVE OFFICERS
A Carreira do Oficial do Quadro Complementar	Exército Notícias 47
Canção do Quadro Complementar de Oficiais

---

Dia Mundial de Luta contra Violência

(International Day of Non-Violence). Recently, on 15 June 2007, – 2 October was declared as International Day of Non-Violence, by the United Nations. This day is the day of borth of Indian pacifist Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), who is considered as the symbol against violence.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF NON-VIOLENCE
international day of non violence	Mahatma Gandhi: Non-Violence and Compassion
Oct 2, Gandhi’s Birthday International Day of Nonviolence

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1914
Foundation of Porto Velho, capital of the state of Rondônia.

Rondônia shares borders with Bolivia and the Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas, and Mato Grosso. The municipality of Porto Velho counts more than 34 thousand square kilometers, which is larger than Belgium, and the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Sergipe. The city is constructed along the right margin of the Madeira River, which is one of the largest affluent rivers of the Amazon River complex. Porto Velho was founded by pioneers, who were involved in the construction of the Madeira-marmoré railway. The city experienced an era of prosperity because of the rubber production, and the mining of cassiterite, which is a tin oxide. At present, Porto Velho counts more than 3000 thousand inhabitants. There are three Indian reservations, where the Karitiana, Kaxaraxi, and Karipunas tribes are living. These tribes count about 100 persons each.

Touristic guide Porto Velho

 

PORTO VELHO
Porto Velho Rondônia (Vídeo Atualizado)	PORTO VELHO Rondônia/Brasil: Mudanças
Porto Velho – Rondônia / Brasil 8ª Edição	PORTO VELHO – RO no túnel do tempo
Porto Velho, Rondônia	Globo Reporter Especial – 06/04/2012 – Centenário Da Ferrovia – Madeira Mamoré

---

1997
Arrival of Pope John Paul II in Rio de Janeiro.

It was the third visit of the Pope after his visits in 1980 and 1991. This visit was the eightieth foreign travel of the then 77-year-old Pope. The Pope was welcomed by president Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC). Reason for the visit was the Second World Meeting for Families. During this visit, the pope made an very remarkable statement:

“Se Deus é brasileiro, então o Papa é Carioca”

“If God is a Brazilian, then the Pope is a Carioca (inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro)”

POPE JOHN PAUL II IN BRAZIL
Visita do Beato Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil em 1997 ( Transmissão da Rede Manchete)	III Visita do Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil 1997
Momentos com o Papa – Rio 1997	DIFILM Juan Pablo II en Brasil – 1997

---

1974
Final match of Pelé in Brazil.

Playing in the team of Santos, Pelé won with 2×0 against Ponte Preta. Pelé was sold to New York Cosmos for seven million dollars. He would play there three years.

^{Pelé and Tres Corações (MG)}

DESPEDIDA PELÉ

Despedida de Pelé do Santos em 1974 – Gol, o Grande Momento do Futebol – Rede Bandeirantes – 1980

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (192): July 11

Brazilian Days 192

July 11

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Rondonista

(Staff of Rondon Project). The Rondon Project was born on July 11, 1967. It is a government initiative, in which several ministries are involved, to increase public involvement in politics. Teachers and students of superior education took part in social projects in needy regions of Brazil. This initiative was ended in 1989. The UNE (Brazilian Student Union)sent a petition to President Lula to restart the Rondon Project. Early 2005, Lula responded, and the restart was made, in the state of Amazonas. The projects are now under the supervision of the Ministry of Defense. The project is named after Marshal Rondon (1865-1958). Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon had a father with Portuguese roots and an Indian mother. Rondon enlisted in the army (he later became commander) and helped with the construction of roads to Cuiabá, the capital of Mato Grosso. He was also responsible for the construction of telegraph lines through the jungle, where he was confronted with Indian tribes. He managed that they cooperated. Later in life Rondon was concerned with protecting the rights of the Indians. In 1952 he founded the Xingu National Park, a sanctuary for the Indians in this area. As a tribute, a state was named after him: Rondônia. His birthday (May 5th) is celebrated as the day of the telecommunications. His famous statement is:

“Morrer, se preciso for; matar, nunca.”
To die, when necessary; to kill, never.

source

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFXAMYNWKx0&w=400%5D
Example of a Rondon Project

---

Dia Mundial da População

(World Population) World Population Day, introduced by the United Nations (UNFPA), in 1987. The 2007 edition had the following theme:

“One billion adolescents: the right to health, information and services”

The date was inspired upon the day when it was expected to surpass the number of 5 billion people, on July 11, 1989: The Five Billion Day. The number of zeven billion people was surpassed at the end of 2011.

source / source / source

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&feature=fvwrel&w=400%5D
‘7 Billion’, door National Geographic Magazine

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1926
Inauguration of the Hipódromo da Gávea in Rio de Janeiro.
The hippodrome is a horse racing track nearby Lagoa and Ipanema. The races are held om Saturdays, Sundays or Mondays, in front of a maximum of 50 thousand spectators.

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsOvyXBGoTo&w=400%5D
Grande Prêmio Brasil 2010 – Jockey Clube da Gávea

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbDniJoOOWA&w=400%5D
Horse racing

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (004): January 4

Brazilian Days 004 

January 4

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Nacional da Abreugrafia

(National Abreugraphy Day). Abreugraphy, named after the inventor Dr. Manuel de Abreu, is a photofluorography technique for mass screening for tuberculosis. The technique was introduced in 1935, and has received several different names in other countries: mass radiography, miniature chest radiograph (United Kingdom and USA), roentgenfluorography (Germany), radiophotography (France), schermografia (Italy), photoradioscopy (Spain) and photofluorography (Sweden). The use of abreugraphy was largely discontinued since the Seventies of the past century, but is still in use for tuberculosis screening in several countries.

---

Dia do Hemofílico

(Hemophiliac Day). This day is celebrated in Brazil, while the World Hemophilia Day is celebrated on 17 April.

  

---

Dia Mundial do Braille

(World Braille Day).

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1956
Painter Cândido Portinari finished his panels ‘Guerra e Paz’ (War and Peace).

He donated the panels to the United Nations Headquarters in New York.

  

‘GUERRA E PAZ’
Guerra e Paz – Portinari	“Guerra e Paz” de Candido Portinari

---

1988
Cartoonist Henfil died to the consequences of AIDS.

Henrique de Sousa Filho was a hemophiliac and had received contaminated blood. Henfil was born on 5 February 1944 in Ribeirão das Neves (MG). He worked in a cheese factory and started to draw cartoons in the Sixties. In 1964, he started to work for newspapers and magazines. His most popular cartoon figures were ‘Os Fradinhos’. He also designed humorist and satirist political cartoons. Henfil was one of the founders of the political party PT(Partido dos Trabalhadors; Workers’ Party). Henfil was brother of sociologist Betinho and musician Chico Mário. They also died to the consequences of AIDS, obtained by transfusion with contaminated blood.

  

HENFIL
Memória e Contexto: Henfil – 1/4	Memória e Contexto: Henfil – 2/4
Memória e Contexto: Henfil – 3/4	Memória e Contexto: Henfil – 4/4
Henfil, Chico Mário e Betinho	Henfil – Cartas da Mãe (completo)
Tanga-Deu no New York Times – filme do Henfil	Morte de Henfil completa 25 anos – Repórter Brasil (noite)

---

1809
Slave revolt in Recôncavo (BA)

The revolt ended two days later.

---

1875
First issue of the newspaper ‘A Província de São Paulo’.

Together with Folha de São Paulo, Correio Brasiliense, and O Globo, the newspaper is one of the most influential in Brazil. On 1 January 1890, roughly one month after the declaration of the Brazilian Republic, the name was changed into O Estado de São Paulo.

YouTube Channel ‘Estadão’

---

1894
Birth of Dr. Manuel de Abreu, Brazilian physician and inventor of abreugraphy

---

1966
Launch of the election campaign of presidential candidate general Arthur da Costa e Silva.

  

---

1966
First edition of O Jornal da Tarde, which is part of the group O Estado de São Paulo.

  

---

1969
Publication of  ‘O milagre das folhas’ in Jornal do Brasil (chronicle by writer Clarice Lispector)

O Milagre das Folhas

Não, nunca me acontecem milagres. Ouço falar, e às vezes isso me basta como esperança. Mas também me revolta: por que não a mim? Por que são de ouvir falar? Pois já cheguei a ouvir conversas assim, sobre milagres: “Avisou-me que, ao ser dita determinada palavra, um objeto de estimação se quebraria.” Meus objetos se quebram banalmente e pelas mãos das empregadas. Até que fui obrigada a chegar à conclusão de que sou daqueles que rolam pedras durante séculos, e não daqueles para os quais os seixos já vêm prontos, polidos e brancos. Bem que tenho visões fugitivas antes de adormecer – seria milagre? Mas já me foi tranquilamente explicado que isso até nome tem: cidetismo, capacidade de projetar no campo alucinatório as imagens inconscientes.

Milagre, não. Mas as coincidências. Vivo de coincidências, vivo de linhas que incidem uma na outra e se cruzam e no cruzamento formam um leve e instantâneo ponto, tão leve e instantâneo que mais é feito de pudor e segredo: mal eu falasse nele, já estaria falando em nada.

Mas tenho um milagre, sim. O milagre das folhas. Estou andando pela rua e do vento me cai uma folha exatamente nos cabelos. A incidência da linha de milhares de folhas transformadas em uma única, e de milhões de pessoas a incidência de reduzí¬-las a mim. Isso me acontece tantas vezes que passei a me considerar modestamente a escolhida das folhas. Com gestos furtivos tiro a folha dos cabelos e guardo-a na bolsa, como

o mais diminuto diamante. Até que um dia, abrindo a bolsa, encontro entre os objetos a folha seca, engelhada, morta. Jogo-a fora: não me interessa fetiche morto como lembrança. E também porque sei que novas folhas coincidirão comigo.

Um dia uma folha me bateu nos cílios. Achei Deus de uma grande delicadeza.

Clarice Lispector

O MILAGRE DAS FOLHAS
O Milagre das Folhas – Clarice Lispector – Trabalho BINHO Literatura	Panorama com Clarice Lispector

---

2004
Acelino ‘Popó’ Freitas beat Artur Grigorian (Uzbekistan) and became WBO world boxing champion in the lightweight category.

POPO FREITAS
Acelino Freitas vs Artur Grigorian	Para sempre Popó – Filme completo

---

2006
Earthquake with a magnitude of 4.3 in central Paraná.

---

2007
Market value of Brazilian oil company Petrobrás exceeded the barrier of 100 billion dollars.

---

2009
Death of Touro Bandido, the best known Brazilian rodeo bull.

  

  

BANDIDO
HISTORIA TOURO BANDIDO	Morre Touro ” Bandido ” Despedida Barretos Parque do Peão

---

1964
Creation of the municipality of Lagoa Seca (PB)

  

  

The district was created in 1934, and dismembered from Campina Grande in 1964. At present, Lagoa Seca hosts about 26 thousand inhabitants (2011).

---

1884
Creation of the municipality of Santiago (RS)

Santiago hosts almost 50 thousand inhabitants (2010)

  

---

1982
Creation of the state of Rondônia

With the installation of colonel Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira as the first governor of the new state, Rondônia became the 23rd Brazilian state.

  

---

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (356): December 22

Brazilian Days 356

December 22

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Consciência Ecológica
(Ecological awareness).

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1988
Murder of environmentalist Chico Mendes in the state of Acre

 

  

---

1968
Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and other musicians taken prison at Sucata nightclub in Rio de Janeiro

  

---

1981
Creation of the state of Rondônia

---

1868
Start of Battle of Lomas Valetinas, during the Paraguayan War.

  

  

---

1981

Brazilian athlete João do Pulo severely wounded in a car accident.

The accident happened one day after his election as best Latin-American athlete of the year. His right leg had to be amputated.

  

---

1986
Introduction of the thirteenth salary for public federal servants and military personnel. per decree.

---

1994
Sports commentator Osmar Santos suffered severe brain damage in a car accident.

A drunk truck driver hit his car. At present, Osmar is also known as a renown painter.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2014

.

Brazilian Days (350): December 16

Brazilian Days 350

December 16

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Butantã

(Butantan, district in the city of São Paulo). The indigenous name refers to a fortress (Emboaçaba) that was constructed in that region. Already in the 16th century, Butantã appeared on maps. In the 17th century, the Portuguese donated the land to Afonso Sardinha for the construction of a regional harbor along the Pinheiros River. Afonso did not have children; therefore, the area was donated to the Jesuits, who constructed the chapel Nossa Senhora das Graças do Colégio and Igreja (church) de São Paulo. The Jesuits divided the area into 19 so-called sítios (countryhouses): one of them was sítio do Butantã. The sítio had various owners before it was sold to the State of São Paulo. The government founded Instituto Butantã and the Cidade Universitária. Scientist Adolfo Lutz officially requested the installation of Instituto Butantan at the director of the Serviço Sanitário (Sanitary Service) of the City. This letter, oficio Nº 185, marked the start of the institute, the day to commemorate the foundation was established in 1975.

 

---

Dia da Levitação

(Levitation Day). The day refers to 16 December 1868, when Scottish medium Daniel Douglas Home levitated himself in the air, floated outside his house through a window and entered another window at a height of 24 meters, in the presence some members of the London society.

---

Dia do Reservista

(Reservist). The day refers to the birth date of Olavo Bilac, the inspirator of the ‘Lei do Serviço Militar’  (Military Service Act), and songwriter of the Hino à Bandeira’. The day became official per  Decreto Lei nº 1.908 (26 December 1939, issued by president Getúlio Vargas.

---

Dia do Teatro Amador

(Amateur Theater). Amateur theater was introduced in Brazil with the arrival of the Jesuits in the 16th century.

  

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1865
Birth of poet Olavo Bilac, song writer of Hino à Bandeira (Hymn of the Brazilian Flag).

  

---

1993
Superior Tribunal de Justiça (Supreme Court) confirmed cassation of President Fernando Collor.

---

1990
Agreement on unified orthography of the Portuguese language signed in Lisbon, by eight countries.

 

---

1815
Brazil gained the status of kingdom within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves (Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves).

---

1935
Foundation of São Paulo Futebol Clube (1935).

  

  

---

1974
Announcement of the discovery of an oil well in Rio de Janeiro, by Petrobrás.

---

1981
Approval of the creation of the state of Rondônia by the Câmara (Chamber of Deputies).

  

---

1985
Introduction of transport vouchers (vale-transporte) by President José Sarney.

These vouchers were considered as a kind of indirect salary, as a compensation of transport expenses by the workers.

  

---

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (275): October 2

Brazilian Days 275

October 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia dos Santos Anjos da Guarda

(Guardian angels). According to the church doctrine, God provides for every human being, who believes in Him, guardian angels, who give protection from the time of birth until the time of death.

GUARDIAN ANGELS
Santos Anjos da Guarda – Canção Nova – Santo do Dia!	Oração aos Anjos Guardiões

---

Dia do Quadro Complementar de Oficiais do Exército Brasileiro

(Brazilian Reserve officer). This day is introduced in 1989, by law.. Patron of this army unit is Maria Quitéria de Jesus (1792-1853), who is considered as the first female Brazilian soldier.

 

 

BRAZILIAN RESERVE OFFICERS
A Carreira do Oficial do Quadro Complementar	Exército Notícias 47
Canção do Quadro Complementar de Oficiais

---

Dia Mundial de Luta contra Violência

(International Day of Non-Violence). Recently, on 15 June 2007, – 2 October was declared as International Day of Non-Violence, by the United Nations. This day is the day of borth of Indian pacifist Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), who is considered as the symbol against violence.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF NON-VIOLENCE
international day of non violence	Mahatma Gandhi: Non-Violence and Compassion
Oct 2, Gandhi’s Birthday International Day of Nonviolence

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1914
Foundation of Porto Velho, capital of the state of Rondônia.

Rondônia shares borders with Bolivia and the Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas, and Mato Grosso. The municipality of Porto Velho counts more than 34 thousand square kilometers, which is larger than Belgium, and the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Sergipe. The city is constructed along the right margin of the Madeira River, which is one of the largest affluent rivers of the Amazon River complex. Porto Velho was founded by pioneers, who were involved in the construction of the Madeira-marmoré railway. The city experienced an era of prosperity because of the rubber production, and the mining of cassiterite, which is a tin oxide. At present, Porto Velho counts more than 3000 thousand inhabitants. There are three Indian reservations, where the Karitiana, Kaxaraxi, and Karipunas tribes are living. These tribes count about 100 persons each.

Touristic guide Porto Velho

 

PORTO VELHO
Porto Velho Rondônia (Vídeo Atualizado)	PORTO VELHO Rondônia/Brasil: Mudanças
Porto Velho – Rondônia / Brasil 8ª Edição	PORTO VELHO – RO no túnel do tempo
Porto Velho, Rondônia	Globo Reporter Especial – 06/04/2012 – Centenário Da Ferrovia – Madeira Mamoré

---

1997
Arrival of Pope John Paul II in Rio de Janeiro.

It was the third visit of the Pope after his visits in 1980 and 1991. This visit was the eightieth foreign travel of the then 77-year-old Pope. The Pope was welcomed by president Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC). Reason for the visit was the Second World Meeting for Families. During this visit, the pope made an very remarkable statement:

“Se Deus é brasileiro, então o Papa é Carioca”

“If God is a Brazilian, then the Pope is a Carioca (inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro)”

POPE JOHN PAUL II IN BRAZIL
Visita do Beato Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil em 1997 ( Transmissão da Rede Manchete)	III Visita do Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil 1997
Momentos com o Papa – Rio 1997	DIFILM Juan Pablo II en Brasil – 1997

---

1974
Final match of Pelé in Brazil.

Playing in the team of Santos, Pelé won with 2×0 against Ponte Preta. Pelé was sold to New York Cosmos for seven million dollars. He would play there three years.

^{Pelé and Tres Corações (MG)}

DESPEDIDA PELÉ

Despedida de Pelé do Santos em 1974 – Gol, o Grande Momento do Futebol – Rede Bandeirantes – 1980

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (192): July 11

Brazilian Days 192

July 11

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Rondonista

(Staff of Rondon Project). The Rondon Project was born on July 11, 1967. It is a government initiative, in which several ministries are involved, to increase public involvement in politics. Teachers and students of superior education took part in social projects in needy regions of Brazil. This initiative was ended in 1989. The UNE (Brazilian Student Union)sent a petition to President Lula to restart the Rondon Project. Early 2005, Lula responded, and the restart was made, in the state of Amazonas. The projects are now under the supervision of the Ministry of Defense. The project is named after Marshal Rondon (1865-1958). Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon had a father with Portuguese roots and an Indian mother. Rondon enlisted in the army (he later became commander) and helped with the construction of roads to Cuiabá, the capital of Mato Grosso. He was also responsible for the construction of telegraph lines through the jungle, where he was confronted with Indian tribes. He managed that they cooperated. Later in life Rondon was concerned with protecting the rights of the Indians. In 1952 he founded the Xingu National Park, a sanctuary for the Indians in this area. As a tribute, a state was named after him: Rondônia. His birthday (May 5th) is celebrated as the day of the telecommunications. His famous statement is:

“Morrer, se preciso for; matar, nunca.”
To die, when necessary; to kill, never.

source

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFXAMYNWKx0&w=400%5D
Example of a Rondon Project

---

Dia Mundial da População

(World Population) World Population Day, introduced by the United Nations (UNFPA), in 1987. The 2007 edition had the following theme:

“One billion adolescents: the right to health, information and services”

The date was inspired upon the day when it was expected to surpass the number of 5 billion people, on July 11, 1989: The Five Billion Day. The number of zeven billion people was surpassed at the end of 2011.

source / source / source

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&feature=fvwrel&w=400%5D
‘7 Billion’, door National Geographic Magazine

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1926
Inauguration of the Hipódromo da Gávea in Rio de Janeiro.
The hippodrome is a horse racing track nearby Lagoa and Ipanema. The races are held om Saturdays, Sundays or Mondays, in front of a maximum of 50 thousand spectators.

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsOvyXBGoTo&w=400%5D
Grande Prêmio Brasil 2010 – Jockey Clube da Gávea

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbDniJoOOWA&w=400%5D
Horse racing

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (356): December 22

Brazilian Days 356

December 22

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Consciência Ecológica
(Ecological awareness).

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1988
Murder of environmentalist Chico Mendes in the state of Acre

 

  

---

1968
Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil and other musicians taken prison at Sucata nightclub in Rio de Janeiro

  

---

1981
Creation of the state of Rondônia

---

1868
Start of Battle of Lomas Valetinas, during the Paraguayan War.

  

  

---

1981

Brazilian athlete João do Pulo severely wounded in a car accident.

The accident happened one day after his election as best Latin-American athlete of the year. His right leg had to be amputated.

  

---

1986
Introduction of the thirteenth salary for public federal servants and military personnel. per decree.

---

1994
Sports commentator Osmar Santos suffered severe brain damage in a car accident.

A drunk truck driver hit his car. At present, Osmar is also known as a renown painter.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2014

.

Brazilian Days (350): December 16

Brazilian Days 350

December 16

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Butantã

(Butantan, district in the city of São Paulo). The indigenous name refers to a fortress (Emboaçaba) that was constructed in that region. Already in the 16th century, Butantã appeared on maps. In the 17th century, the Portuguese donated the land to Afonso Sardinha for the construction of a regional harbor along the Pinheiros River. Afonso did not have children; therefore, the area was donated to the Jesuits, who constructed the chapel Nossa Senhora das Graças do Colégio and Igreja (church) de São Paulo. The Jesuits divided the area into 19 so-called sítios (countryhouses): one of them was sítio do Butantã. The sítio had various owners before it was sold to the State of São Paulo. The government founded Instituto Butantã and the Cidade Universitária. Scientist Adolfo Lutz officially requested the installation of Instituto Butantan at the director of the Serviço Sanitário (Sanitary Service) of the City. This letter, oficio Nº 185, marked the start of the institute, the day to commemorate the foundation was established in 1975.

 

---

Dia da Levitação

(Levitation Day). The day refers to 16 December 1868, when Scottish medium Daniel Douglas Home levitated himself in the air, floated outside his house through a window and entered another window at a height of 24 meters, in the presence some members of the London society.

---

Dia do Reservista

(Reservist). The day refers to the birth date of Olavo Bilac, the inspirator of the ‘Lei do Serviço Militar’  (Military Service Act), and songwriter of the Hino à Bandeira’. The day became official per  Decreto Lei nº 1.908 (26 December 1939, issued by president Getúlio Vargas.

---

Dia do Teatro Amador

(Amateur Theater). Amateur theater was introduced in Brazil with the arrival of the Jesuits in the 16th century.

  

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1865
Birth of poet Olavo Bilac, song writer of Hino à Bandeira (Hymn of the Brazilian Flag).

  

---

1993
Superior Tribunal de Justiça (Supreme Court) confirmed cassation of President Fernando Collor.

---

1990
Agreement on unified orthography of the Portuguese language signed in Lisbon, by eight countries.

 

---

1815
Brazil gained the status of kingdom within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves (Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves).

---

1935
Foundation of São Paulo Futebol Clube (1935).

  

  

---

1974
Announcement of the discovery of an oil well in Rio de Janeiro, by Petrobrás.

---

1981
Approval of the creation of the state of Rondônia by the Câmara (Chamber of Deputies).

  

---

1985
Introduction of transport vouchers (vale-transporte) by President José Sarney.

These vouchers were considered as a kind of indirect salary, as a compensation of transport expenses by the workers.

  

---

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (275): October 2

Brazilian Days 275

October 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia dos Santos Anjos da Guarda

(Guardian angels). According to the church doctrine, God provides for every human being, who believes in Him, guardian angels, who give protection from the time of birth until the time of death.

GUARDIAN ANGELS
Santos Anjos da Guarda – Canção Nova – Santo do Dia!	Oração aos Anjos Guardiões

---

Dia do Quadro Complementar de Oficiais do Exército Brasileiro

(Brazilian Reserve officer). This day is introduced in 1989, by law.. Patron of this army unit is Maria Quitéria de Jesus (1792-1853), who is considered as the first female Brazilian soldier.

 

 

BRAZILIAN RESERVE OFFICERS
A Carreira do Oficial do Quadro Complementar	Exército Notícias 47
Canção do Quadro Complementar de Oficiais

---

Dia Mundial de Luta contra Violência

(International Day of Non-Violence). Recently, on 15 June 2007, – 2 October was declared as International Day of Non-Violence, by the United Nations. This day is the day of borth of Indian pacifist Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948), who is considered as the symbol against violence.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF NON-VIOLENCE
international day of non violence	Mahatma Gandhi: Non-Violence and Compassion
Oct 2, Gandhi’s Birthday International Day of Nonviolence

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1914
Foundation of Porto Velho, capital of the state of Rondônia.

Rondônia shares borders with Bolivia and the Brazilian states of Acre, Amazonas, and Mato Grosso. The municipality of Porto Velho counts more than 34 thousand square kilometers, which is larger than Belgium, and the Brazilian states of Alagoas and Sergipe. The city is constructed along the right margin of the Madeira River, which is one of the largest affluent rivers of the Amazon River complex. Porto Velho was founded by pioneers, who were involved in the construction of the Madeira-marmoré railway. The city experienced an era of prosperity because of the rubber production, and the mining of cassiterite, which is a tin oxide. At present, Porto Velho counts more than 3000 thousand inhabitants. There are three Indian reservations, where the Karitiana, Kaxaraxi, and Karipunas tribes are living. These tribes count about 100 persons each.

Touristic guide Porto Velho

 

PORTO VELHO
Porto Velho Rondônia (Vídeo Atualizado)	PORTO VELHO Rondônia/Brasil: Mudanças
Porto Velho – Rondônia / Brasil 8ª Edição	PORTO VELHO – RO no túnel do tempo
Porto Velho, Rondônia	Globo Reporter Especial – 06/04/2012 – Centenário Da Ferrovia – Madeira Mamoré

---

1997
Arrival of Pope John Paul II in Rio de Janeiro.

It was the third visit of the Pope after his visits in 1980 and 1991. This visit was the eightieth foreign travel of the then 77-year-old Pope. The Pope was welcomed by president Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC). Reason for the visit was the Second World Meeting for Families. During this visit, the pope made an very remarkable statement:

“Se Deus é brasileiro, então o Papa é Carioca”

“If God is a Brazilian, then the Pope is a Carioca (inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro)”

POPE JOHN PAUL II IN BRAZIL
Visita do Beato Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil em 1997 ( Transmissão da Rede Manchete)	III Visita do Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil 1997
Momentos com o Papa – Rio 1997	DIFILM Juan Pablo II en Brasil – 1997

---

1974
Final match of Pelé in Brazil.

Playing in the team of Santos, Pelé won with 2×0 against Ponte Preta. Pelé was sold to New York Cosmos for seven million dollars. He would play there three years.

^{Pelé and Tres Corações (MG)}

DESPEDIDA PELÉ

Despedida de Pelé do Santos em 1974 – Gol, o Grande Momento do Futebol – Rede Bandeirantes – 1980

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.