1935 Death of composer Francisca Edwiges Neves (Chiquinha) Gonzaga (1847-1935)
1854 Parade of floats during carnival as an alternative for violent fasting feasts in Rio de Janeiro.
1986 Introduction of the Cruzado (Cz$) currency.
The cruzado succeeded the Cruzeiro (Cr$): Three zeroes were removed from the previous currency. Less than three years later, the Cruzado Novo (NCz$) was introduced, and again three zeroes were removed.
1644 Departure of the Dutch from São Luís.
The capitania of Maranhão became Portuguese again.
1994 Launch of “Plano Real” by Treasury minister Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC).
The plan was introduced in the battle against inflation.
1690 Ban of salt extraction and production in Brazil.
The ban was issued per Carta-Régia, in order to protect salt production in Portugal.
1994 Ratification of the UN Convention of Climate Changes, by Brazil.
1994 Ratification of the UN Convention of Biological Diversity, by Brazil.
1967 Creation of the Foundation of the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS).
1880
Alleged birth of Maria Olivia da Silva (1880-2010) in Ipateninga (SP).
(International Alphabetization Day). In our (Western) world, almost everyone is able to read and write; however, unfortunately, still too many people on our planet may be considered as illiterate (estimation of almost 900 million, of which more than 100 million children who do not attend school). The United Nations have introduced the International Literacy Day on September 8. Their motto for 2007 was:
Dia Internacional da Alfabetização – Matéria SBT Jaú
Dia Nacional de Luta por Medicamentos
(Combat for (cheaper) medication). A large number of medications are very expensive, since the pharmaceutical companies had to invest a large sum of money in the research and development of such medications. The medications have patent rights, which allow the pharmaceutical companies to gain back their investments, and a part of their profits may be invested in the development of new medications. However, many expensive medications, among them the well-known medications against HIV, are beyond reach for a large group of patients in non-Western countries. Brazil is such a country. At present, generic alternatives are produced of these expensive medications, and with the financial aid of the government, these medications are sold for a much lower price in the so-called “Farmacia Popular”, accessible for everyone, especially for the poorer people.
FARMACIA POPULAR
WebTV – Farmácia Popular oferece remédio mais baratos
Farmácia Popular 2 anos
Farmácia Popular Do Brasil
FARMACIA POPULAR
Day of the patron saint of Curitiba, capital of the state of Paraná.
The patron saint is Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais. Our Lady of the Light of Pinhais. Pinhais is the Brazilian translation of the Tupi name Curitiba, and has the meaning ‘Rich in (Brazilian) pine trees (Araucaria angustifolia)’. Before its foundation, the city of Curitiba the living area of the caingangues, an indian tribe. A group of sertanejos, farmers from the Brazilian mainland, were traveling, when Our Lady appeared in front of them, according to the legend. She smiled, she insisted that the man looked around themselves. Every morning, she appeared, with light in her eyes. The sertanejos then thought to take possession of this area and to construct a chapel. Our Lady smiled again, for the second time. The men did not carry many weapons, and they faced brave and combative indians. A miracle occurred, the indian chief invited them. The indian directed their bows to the earth, as a sign of peace. They all shared peace tea. The chief commanded his men to march away and leave the white men in peace. And this is how the sertanejos obtained this area without bloodshed. Our Lady smiled again, for the third time. More information about Curitiba, follow this link.
NS DA LUZ DOS PINHAIS
N.Sra da Luz
IV Festa da Luz – 2012
Day of the patron saint of Santos (SP).
The patron saint is Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat. Our Lady of Monte Serrat. The first and most known wonder that is attributed to her, occurred at the time of a Dutch invasion at the coastal region of Santos, by the Dutch pirate Joris van Spilbergen (1568-1620), in February, 1615. A great part of the people of Santos – among them women and children – fled to Monte Serrat, when the pirates set fire at various locations in Santos. The refugees begged in desperation to Our Lady of Monte Serrat. Not long after, the pathway, on which the Dutch pirates were running after them, collapsed, and many of the pirates were suddenly covered by a thick layer of earth. The remaining pirates were forced to return to their ships and leave Santos. In 1954, Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat was elected patron saint of Santos. Joris van Spilbergen – who named the Southern African ‘Tafelberg’ (Table Mountain) – was serving the Dutch East Indies Company, and sailed to Sri Lanka and through the Strait of Magelhães to the Moluk Islands. In The Netherlands, Joris is not considered as a pirate, rather a navigator.
NS DO MONTE SERRAT
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 2/4.
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 2/4.
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 3/4.
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 4/4.
Rede 45 – Festa de Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat –
O Filme
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1551 Foundation of Vitória, capital of the state of Espírito Santo.
Vitória is the largest of an archipelago of 34 islands at the Atlantic coastline. On May 23, 1535, an expedition commanded by Vasco Fernando Coutinho arrived there, at the day of the third entity of the Spiritual Trinity, and he named the settlement Espírito Santo (Holy Spirit). The site of this settlement now is located within the borders of the city of Vila Velha, Vitória’s neighboring city. In 1551, the seat of the capitania Espírito Santo was moved to the island of Santo Antônio, now known as the island of Vitória. The reason for this transfer was the easier way to defend an island against invaders. The exact date is not known, but it is generally assumed that it must have been September 8. The Upper City (Cidade Alta) was easy to defend, but the Lower City (Cidade Baixa) had to be defended with the construction of a number of fortresses along the beach. Vitória is a port city, the oldest port is located in the center. The port existed of a wooden cay, the ‘Cais do Schmidt’. The other two ports are located at more distance of the center, and even constructed seaward, thereby interfering with the view on the Atlantic Ocean. At present, the city hosts about 320 thousand inhabitants. Vitória is one of the three Brazilian state capitals, which are located on islands; the other two are Florianópolis and São Luís, who also celebrates its foundation today. More about Vitoria, including photographs and videos, follow this link.
VITÓRIA (ES)
460 anos de Vitória – I
460 anos de Vitória – II
Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil 1
Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil 2
Vitória ES, Minha ilha tem!
VITORIA – ES
1612 Foundation of São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão.
The history of São Luís in fact started with the famous Treaty of Tordesilhas: the newly discovered continent of America was dividid in two parts at a certain geographical location, in a Spanish and a Portuguese part. The measurement methodology at that time was far from precise; therefore, the area near the equator and near the Amazon River became a certain no man’s land. Other European nations tried to gain their share of the richness of the American continent, among them was the France. Nevertheless, it was Portugal who claimed this area by dividing the colony in administrative regions, the capitanias. A small settlement with the name Nazaré was founded, at the present location of São Luis, but lagged behind with colonization, compared with the rest of the Brazilian colony, mainly due to the lack of formal aid, and the gulf stream that impeded access to São Luís. In 1612, a French expedition arrived, commanded by Daniel de la Touche, Senhor de la Ravardière, who captured the location, claimed it for France, and founded the colony “France Equinocial”. On September 8, the construction of Fortress of São Luis (named after the French king Louis XIII) was finished. The construction of the fortress created a diplomatic crisis. The crisis only was solved by the reconquest of São Luís by the Portuguese from Pernambuco. At present, the city hosts a little more than one million inhabitants. Curiously, the Portuguese word for inhabitants of São Luís is ‘Ludovicense’. More about São Luís, including photographs and videos, follow this link.
SÃO LUÍS (MA)
The City of Sao Luis Brazil
(The Island of Love)
São Luís do Maranhão, ilha de encantos // St. Louis – Maranhao – Brazil, the magnetic island
São Luís do Maranhão – ILHA do AMOR
Homenagem a São Luís e ao Maranhão (Ilha Magnética, Bela Mocidade e Ilha Bela)
Sao Luis Ilha do Amor Maranhao Brasil
As sete lendas que encantam a ilha de São Luís. By Cacau Sotero
(International Alphabetization Day). In our (Western) world, almost everyone is able to read and write; however, unfortunately, still too many people on our planet may be considered as illiterate (estimation of almost 900 million, of which more than 100 million children who do not attend school). The United Nations have introduced the International Literacy Day on September 8. Their motto for 2007 was:
Dia Internacional da Alfabetização – Matéria SBT Jaú
Dia Nacional de Luta por Medicamentos
(Combat for (cheaper) medication). A large number of medications are very expensive, since the pharmaceutical companies had to invest a large sum of money in the research and development of such medications. The medications have patent rights, which allow the pharmaceutical companies to gain back their investments, and a part of their profits may be invested in the development of new medications. However, many expensive medications, among them the well-known medications against HIV, are beyond reach for a large group of patients in non-Western countries. Brazil is such a country. At present, generic alternatives are produced of these expensive medications, and with the financial aid of the government, these medications are sold for a much lower price in the so-called “Farmacia Popular”, accessible for everyone, especially for the poorer people.
FARMACIA POPULAR
WebTV – Farmácia Popular oferece remédio mais baratos
Farmácia Popular 2 anos
Farmácia Popular Do Brasil
FARMACIA POPULAR
Day of the patron saint of Curitiba, capital of the state of Paraná.
The patron saint is Nossa Senhora da Luz dos Pinhais. Our Lady of the Light of Pinhais. Pinhais is the Brazilian translation of the Tupi name Curitiba, and has the meaning ‘Rich in (Brazilian) pine trees (Araucaria angustifolia)’. Before its foundation, the city of Curitiba the living area of the caingangues, an indian tribe. A group of sertanejos, farmers from the Brazilian mainland, were traveling, when Our Lady appeared in front of them, according to the legend. She smiled, she insisted that the man looked around themselves. Every morning, she appeared, with light in her eyes. The sertanejos then thought to take possession of this area and to construct a chapel. Our Lady smiled again, for the second time. The men did not carry many weapons, and they faced brave and combative indians. A miracle occurred, the indian chief invited them. The indian directed their bows to the earth, as a sign of peace. They all shared peace tea. The chief commanded his men to march away and leave the white men in peace. And this is how the sertanejos obtained this area without bloodshed. Our Lady smiled again, for the third time. More information about Curitiba, follow this link.
NS DA LUZ DOS PINHAIS
N.Sra da Luz
IV Festa da Luz – 2012
Day of the patron saint of Santos (SP).
The patron saint is Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat. Our Lady of Monte Serrat. The first and most known wonder that is attributed to her, occurred at the time of a Dutch invasion at the coastal region of Santos, by the Dutch pirate Joris van Spilbergen (1568-1620), in February, 1615. A great part of the people of Santos – among them women and children – fled to Monte Serrat, when the pirates set fire at various locations in Santos. The refugees begged in desperation to Our Lady of Monte Serrat. Not long after, the pathway, on which the Dutch pirates were running after them, collapsed, and many of the pirates were suddenly covered by a thick layer of earth. The remaining pirates were forced to return to their ships and leave Santos. In 1954, Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat was elected patron saint of Santos. Joris van Spilbergen – who named the Southern African ‘Tafelberg’ (Table Mountain) – was serving the Dutch East Indies Company, and sailed to Sri Lanka and through the Strait of Magelhães to the Moluk Islands. In The Netherlands, Joris is not considered as a pirate, rather a navigator.
NS DO MONTE SERRAT
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 2/4.
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 2/4.
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 3/4.
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat de Santos SP 4/4.
Rede 45 – Festa de Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat
Nossa Senhora do Monte Serrat –
O Filme
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1551 Foundation of Vitória, capital of the state of Espírito Santo.
Vitória is the largest of an archipelago of 34 islands at the Atlantic coastline. On May 23, 1535, an expedition commanded by Vasco Fernando Coutinho arrived there, at the day of the third entity of the Spiritual Trinity, and he named the settlement Espírito Santo (Holy Spirit). The site of this settlement now is located within the borders of the city of Vila Velha, Vitória’s neighboring city. In 1551, the seat of the capitania Espírito Santo was moved to the island of Santo Antônio, now known as the island of Vitória. The reason for this transfer was the easier way to defend an island against invaders. The exact date is not known, but it is generally assumed that it must have been September 8. The Upper City (Cidade Alta) was easy to defend, but the Lower City (Cidade Baixa) had to be defended with the construction of a number of fortresses along the beach. Vitória is a port city, the oldest port is located in the center. The port existed of a wooden cay, the ‘Cais do Schmidt’. The other two ports are located at more distance of the center, and even constructed seaward, thereby interfering with the view on the Atlantic Ocean. At present, the city hosts about 320 thousand inhabitants. Vitória is one of the three Brazilian state capitals, which are located on islands; the other two are Florianópolis and São Luís, who also celebrates its foundation today. More about Vitoria, including photographs and videos, follow this link.
VITÓRIA (ES)
460 anos de Vitória – I
460 anos de Vitória – II
Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil 1
Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil 2
Vitória ES, Minha ilha tem!
VITORIA – ES
1612 Foundation of São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão.
The history of São Luís in fact started with the famous Treaty of Tordesilhas: the newly discovered continent of America was dividid in two parts at a certain geographical location, in a Spanish and a Portuguese part. The measurement methodology at that time was far from precise; therefore, the area near the equator and near the Amazon River became a certain no man’s land. Other European nations tried to gain their share of the richness of the American continent, among them was the France. Nevertheless, it was Portugal who claimed this area by dividing the colony in administrative regions, the capitanias. A small settlement with the name Nazaré was founded, at the present location of São Luis, but lagged behind with colonization, compared with the rest of the Brazilian colony, mainly due to the lack of formal aid, and the gulf stream that impeded access to São Luís. In 1612, a French expedition arrived, commanded by Daniel de la Touche, Senhor de la Ravardière, who captured the location, claimed it for France, and founded the colony “France Equinocial”. On September 8, the construction of Fortress of São Luis (named after the French king Louis XIII) was finished. The construction of the fortress created a diplomatic crisis. The crisis only was solved by the reconquest of São Luís by the Portuguese from Pernambuco. At present, the city hosts a little more than one million inhabitants. Curiously, the Portuguese word for inhabitants of São Luís is ‘Ludovicense’. More about São Luís, including photographs and videos, follow this link.
SÃO LUÍS (MA)
The City of Sao Luis Brazil
(The Island of Love)
São Luís do Maranhão, ilha de encantos // St. Louis – Maranhao – Brazil, the magnetic island
São Luís do Maranhão – ILHA do AMOR
Homenagem a São Luís e ao Maranhão (Ilha Magnética, Bela Mocidade e Ilha Bela)
Sao Luis Ilha do Amor Maranhao Brasil
As sete lendas que encantam a ilha de São Luís. By Cacau Sotero
A personal selection of photographs with their stories.
138. Cat and flag
JULY 2007: Cat and flag
We were in São José de Ribamar, at about thirty km east from São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão. São José de Ribamar is known for its giant statue of St. Joseph and his son, Jesus. It was raining slightly on our day of visit. Instead of enjoying the beach, we entered a beach barrack for a snack and some drinks. Most of my fellow travelers took some beers, while others preferred to drink caipirinha and even pure cachaça, a sugar-cane based gin. Meanwhile, some cats were wandering around. They initially ignored us, but became interested when one of us was paying attention to them and threw them some little pieces of our snacks. The young cats quickly lost their shyness and approached our table. They allowed us to touch and stroke them. One of the fellow travelers could no longer resist lifting one of them and taking it on her lap. Since she was wearing a shirt with a print of the Brazilian flag, I could not resist taking a picture of the cat and part of the flag.
Uma seleção pessoal com as fotografias e suas histórias.
112. Mãos sujas
JULHO 2007: Mãos sujas
Nós gastamos 55 horas de ônibus para chegar a enorme distância de mais de 2500 km entre Belo Horizonte e São Luís, capital do estado do Maranhão. E mais cinco horas de ônibus para chegar até Barreirinhas, a porta para as imensas paisagens de dunas dos Lençóis Maranhenses. Além disso, mais quatro horas que gastamos de barco até a praia de Atins, no Oceano Atlântico. Nossos pés realmente doeram quando paramos na areia quente, era como se seus chinelos estivessem derretendo! Mas isso não nos fez parar nossas buscas pelo costa litorânea e dar a nossos pés um banho refrescante. Para nossa grande surpresa, nossos pés afundaram na areia molhada, quase dez centímetros! Havia também outra surpresa, alguns aglomerados de argila que encontramos na costa. Duas estudantes imediatamente reconheceram a substância, e começaram a esfregar a argila nas mãos. De acordo com elas, este tipo de argila é muito usado para trabalhos manuais.
