Brazilian Days (278): October 5

Brazilian Days 278

October 5

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Nacional das Aves

(Birds). According to Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ortnitológicos (CBRO; Brazilian Society of Ornithologists), Brazil hosts more than 1800 known bird species. The most recent observed (2010) new bird species in Brazil is the ferreirinho-de-cara-branca (Poecilotriccus albifacies (Blake, 1959)). About 10 percent of the Brazilian bird species are endangered species.

Collection of birds in Brazil (incl pictures and sounds): WikiAves

YouTube channel with many bird videos

Another YouTube channel with bird videos

BRAZILIAN BIRDS
Aves do Brasil – Birds of Brazil	Aves do Brasil II – Birds of Brazil II
Aves do Brasil – Beija-flores, verdadeiras pinturas da natureza	Aves do Brasil – Patos, marrecas e cisnes do Brasil
Birds of Brazil – Parrots, Cuckoos, Anis	Inside – Parque das Aves – Brasil

---

Dia do Bóia-fria

(Seasonal worker). The term bóia-fria has a historical background: poor farm workers were picked up by a truck at dawn, and brought to the area where they had to work the entire day. They carried their warm meal (bóia) with them. At midday, their lunch hour, the warm meal was no longer warm but lukewarm, at most. These seasonal workers were employed in a certain season, such as harvest time. Because of the sometimes harsh circumstances, a number of humanitarian organizations consider it as modern slavery. One clear example is the suger can cutter, who cuts no less than 12 tons (!) of suger can a day (12 working hours) for only 2.20 reais (a bit less than 1 euro) per ton. One ton of sugar cane produces 148 kg sugar, which has a value of approximately 100 reais. One famous bíoa-fria is Brazilian marathon athlete Vanderley Cordeiro de Lima (1969), who gained the bronze medal in Athens (2004), despite the ridiculous action of a bystander who tried to stop him.
 

 

BÓIA-FRIA
Os Bóias-frias	Vida de Bóia Fria
Pakistan: Misal Khan	Greece: Hussaini

---

Dia do Trabalhador Rural Volante

(Seasonal worker). See above.

---

Dia da Micro e Pequena Empresa

(Small and Medium Businesses). Small and medium businesses (MPE in short) represent more than 99 percent of all Brazilian businesses, and offer work to 28.7 million Brazilians. The SEBRAE (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio ás Micro- e Pequeno Empresas, founded in 1972) is an institute that supports these businesses with loans and know-how. Recently, a new law (Lei Geral) for these businesses has come into effect,after more than 3 years of debates. With this law, rules for starting a new company have been simplified.

SMALL & MEDIUM BUSINESSES
SEBRAE-MG – Dia da Micro e Pequena Empresa	Campanha BB – Micro e Pequenas Empresas – 2011
SEBRAE-MG – Sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas é maior hoje em dia	SEBRAE-MG – Lei Geral das Micro e Pequenas Empresas

---

Dia Mundial do Professor

World Teacher’s Day is created by the UNESCO in 1994, in remembrance of the ratification of the Charter of the Teacher by the UNESCO and the ILO (International Labor Organization) on 5 October 1966, and the Charter for Teachers of Superior Education in 1997.

Motto of 2007 was:

Quality teachers for quality education

Motto of 2012 was:

Take a stand for teachers!

Quote by Alexander the Great:

“I am indebted to my father for my living, but to my teacher for living well”

   

WORLD TEACHER’S DAY
In Gratitude:UNESCO World Teachers’ Day 2009	5 October 2010, World Teachers’ Day
Inspiration for teaching: World Teachers’ Day 2011	How much is a good teacher worth ?

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1557
Death of Caramurú (1475-1557).

Diego Álvarez Correa was born in Coruña (Spain), although there are Portuguese researchers who are convinced that he was born in Viana do Castelo (Portugal). In 1510, Diego joined an expedition to the Brazilian mainland, but his ship got shipwrecked near Itaparica Island in Bahia. His companions became a feast for the Tupinambá indians living there, but Diego made impression with his musket: he stayed alive and gained his nickname Caramurú (Tupinambá for moraine) to his musket. He lived with the indians, got married with Paraguassu, a daughter of tribal chief Taparica. Diego had many children with different women. Diego and Paraguassu traveled to France, where Paraguassu became baptized into Catarina do Brasil. Thanks to his experiences with the indians, Diego worked as a interpreter and negotiator between the Portuguese, missionaries, and indians. He assisted Tomé de Sousa with the foundation of the city of Salvador. Salvador became the capital of the Brazilian colony. Diego died in Vila Velha (ES). Frei José de Santa Rita Durão wrote an epic poem (1781) about the person Caramurú, TV channel Globo produced a movie about his life.

 

CARAMURU
Caramuru. Diogo e Paraguassu	A piece from the brazilian movie “Caramuru” (Subs & Trans)
Caramuru (1/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009	Caramuru (2/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009
Caramuru (3/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009	Caramuru (4/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009
Caramuru (5/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009	Obra Rara – “Caramuru: poema épico do descobrimento da Bahia”

---

1988
Creation of the state of Amapá (AP).

Amapá shares borders with the state of Pará, and with neighboring countries Suriname and French Guyana. The state is located at the mouth of the Amazon river. Macapá, the state capital, is located on the equator. The size of Amapá is 3.5 times the size of The Netherlands and counts only 600 thousand inhabitants. Most of them live in the capital. The former capitania Costa do Cabo Norte suffered numerous attacks and invasion attempts by the English, French and Dutch. The borderline between Amapá and French Guyana was drawn in 1713, following the Treaty of Utrecht.

 

AMAPÁ (AP)
Amapá, terra das águas (Globo Repórter 2007)	Macapá Amapá (Vídeo Atualizado)
Turismo no Amapá	Macapa – Amapa – North Region – Brazil

---

1988
Creation of the state of Roraima (RR).

The state of Roraima (5.5 times the size of The Netherlands) is located in north Brazil, and shares borders with neighboring countries Venezuela, and Guyana, and with the states of Pará and Amazonas. Roraima counts no more than 400 thousand inhabitants, of which more than half lives in Boa Vista, the capital. The former area of Rio Branco was disputed by the English, Spanish, and Dutch. The Dutch arrived there in their search of trade opportunities and indians for slave trade. In order to withstand the foreign expeditions, the Capitania Real de São José do Rio Branco was created in 1755. Ealry 20th century the capitania lost a tiny part of its area to English Guyana.

 

RORAIMA (RR)
RORAIMA	Roraima, Terra de Oportunidades
Conheça um pouco mais sobre o estado de Roraima com o jornalista	Roraima – Fronteira do Brasil com bons negócios

---

1988
Creation of the state of Tocantins (TO).

According to the new Brazilian constitution of 1988. Tocantins became separated from the state of Goiás. The state, seven times the size of The Netherlands, counts nearly 1.5 million inhabitants. Palmas, the state capital, was founded in 1989, and now counts little more than 240 thousand inhabitants.

  

TOCANTINS (TO)
VT Aniversário Palmas 22 anos – Uma idéia que deu certo 2011	Potencialidades do Tocantins
Palmas Tocantins (Vídeo Atualizado)	Tocantins – História Viva

---

1988
Publication of the eight Brazilian Constitutional Law.

The first Brazilian Constitutional Law was created by Dom Pedro I in 1824. Two years after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, number two was published in 1891. Number three appeared in 1934, as a reaction upon the revolutions in earlier years. Getúlio Vargas introduced number four, which followed after his declaration of the Estado Novo (1937). When his dictatorial government was ended, number five appeared in 1946. Three years after the military coup in 1964, number six was published in 1967. Less than two years later, it was rewritten in number seven. Number eight was published three years after the end of the dicatorial government in 1985.

 

BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1988
Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (1/5)	Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (2/5)
Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (3/5)	Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (4/5)
Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (5/5)	Oitava Constituição Brasileira entra em vigor (1988)
Discurso de Promulgação da Constituição de 88	Promulgação da Constituição de 1988 – Ulisses Guimarães

---

1942
Replacement of the Brazilian currency: Réis by Cruzeiro (Decreto-lei nº 4.791).

This monetary replacement came into effect on 1 November 1942. The centavo was introduced as one-hundredth part of the Cruzeiro. The new currency (Cr$) had the value that was equal to 1000 Réis.

 

CRUZEIRO
As moedas do Brasil de 1981 a 2011 – 30 anos, 5 moedas diferentes (SBT Brasil)	MOEDA BRASILEIRA DO RÉIS AO REAL
Programa Falando – A história da moeda no Brasil (Parte 1)	Programa Falando – A história da moeda no Brasil (Parte 2)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (245): September 2

Brazilian Days 245

September 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Florista

(Florist). St. Dorothea, her feast day seems to be today, is the patron saint of horticulture. Dorothea of Caesarea was a martyr during the prosecutions by the Roman emperor Diocletianus. The legend says that a man asked Dorothea – on the way to her execution (decapitation – to bring him apples and roses from the garden from her husband (she was virgin, she said that Jesus was her husband). Before her execution, a six year old child delivered the man the veil of Dorothea, filled with a heavenly scent of flowers and fruits. This man, named Theophylus, became that impressed that he converted himself to Christianity and later became a martyr, too. Obviously, Dorothea’s date of death is February 6, 311, while her feast day is also mentioned as February 6.

 

FLORIST

Como fazer um arranjo de flores profissional

---

Dia do Repórter Fotográfico e Cinematográfico

(Photo reporter and film reporter). No day without news. News that travels at light speed these days, or you receive the printed version a bit later. Without photographs and films, many news items will not have great impact. Images must provoke emotions and draw attention of the spectator or reader. French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004) is considered as the father of photo journalism. One of the most respected Brazilian photo reporters is Sebastião Salgado. Other Brazilian photo reporters are to be seen on this site. The European Day for the Rights of the Journalist is held on September 5.


source

Uma imagem vale mais do que mil palavras
One image has more value than one thousand words

The photograph itself doesn’t interest me. I want only to capture a minute part of reality.
― Henri Cartier-Bresson

“To photograph: it is to put on the same line of sight the head, the eye and the heart.”
― Henri Cartier-Bresson

“It is not the photographer who makes the picture, but the person being photographed”.
― Sebastião Salgado

source

PHOTO REPORTER
Dia do reporter Fotográfico	Repórter fotográfico no jornalismo impresso
Profissão Repórter – 02/08/11 – Fotógrafos Em Ação, Parte 1	Profissão Repórter – 02/08/11 – Fotógrafos Em Ação, Parte 2
Cartier Bresson Street Photography I	Cartier Bresson Street Photography (II)
Cartier Bresson Street Photography (III)	Sebastiao Salgado: The Photographer as Activist

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1980
City of Ouro Preto added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In 1698, a fazenda was founded at the location of Ouro Preto, 93 kilometers from Belo Horizonte. In 1711, the settlement became more structured and gained the name Vila Rica. In 1720, Vila Rica became the capital of the new capitania of Minas Gerais. In 1823, the city received the title Imperial Cidade, Imperial City, and was renamed in Ouro Preto. The city lost its status of capital when Belo Horizonte was inaugurated in 1897. In 1933, Ouro Preto was declared Brazilian Cultural Heritage. In 1980, the city was the first Brazilian location to be added to the prestigious World Heritage List of the UNESCO. The city is widely known for its historic center in the colonial, baroque style.

OURO PRETO
Há 30 anos Ouro Preto recebia o título de patrimônio cultural	Terra de Minas – Ouro Preto

---

1962
Soccer player Edson Arantes do Nascimento, beter known as Pelé, made his 500th goal. 

Pelé scored his 500th goal in the match between Santos and São Paulo, which ended in a 3×3 draw. In this match, Pelé scored twice, the latter became his 500th. Seven years later, he would break the magic limit of one thousand goals.

PELÉ

Pelé part 1

Pelé part 2

---

1850
Foundation of the city of Blumenau (SC).

On 2 September 1850, seventeen German migrants arrived by traveling via the Itajaí-Açu River. Their leader was medical pharmacist Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau. The original idea was to create an agricultural colony, but soon it became an industrial colony, the largest textile center of Brazil. Due to the industrial activities, the city also became a trade center of significance. Thanks to an article in the widely read magazine Reader’s Digest, Blumenau gained reputation as an exotic tourist resort. In reaction, the city organized various events, including the famous Oktoberfest, world’s second largest beer festival, after the Fest in Munich, Germany. The tight cultural ties with Germany are clearly visible during this festival. At present, the city hosts a little more than 300 thousand inhabitants.

More (general and touristic) information about Blumenau

Historical videos of Blumenau

 

BLUMENAU (SC)
Blumenau 160 anos	Hey Blumenau – RBS TV
Oktoberfest 2011 – Blumenau /SC	Abertura Oficial da Oktoberfest Blumenau 2011
DESFILE 160 ANOS de BLUMENAU – 02.09.2010	Conhecendo Blumenau
Hino oficial da cidade de Blumenau – SC

---

1939
Brazil maintained neutrality, after the declarations of war of France and England against Germany.

President Vargas declared that Brazil would stay neutral in the conflict in Europe. Three years later, as a reaction upon the destruction of Brazilian vessels by German and Italian war ships, Brazil declared war against both nations.

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (229): August 17

Brazilian Days 229

August 17

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Patrimônio Histórico

(National Heritage). On January 13, 1937, the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN; Brazilian Institute for Historical and Cultural Heritage) was founded by decree. The famous historian and journalist Rodrigo Mello Franco de Andrade (Belo Horizonte-MG, 1898-1969) arrived there to work, and he stayed there until his death. August 17 is his day of birth. The IPHAN is responsible for the administration and maintenance of the Brazilian Heritage. A huge heritage, consisting of more than 16 thousand buildings, 50 historic centers, and 5000 archeological locations. In addition, IPHAN administrates more than one million cataloged objects, such as books, archives, archive films, and sound fragments. Most Brazilian historical museums also take part of the huge IPHAN administration.

IPHAN videos in YouTube

Videos of Brazilian heritage

At present, the following locations are included in the World Heritage List of the UNESCO:

© M&G Therin-Weise

Historic Town of Ouro Preto (1980)

© UNESCO

Historic Center of the Town of Olinda (1982)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Jesuit Mission of Guaranis: Ruins of São Miguel das Missoes (1984)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia (1985)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas (1985)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Iguaçu National Park (1986)

© UNESCO

Brasília (1987)

© Nomination File

Serra da Capivara National Park (1991)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Historic Center of São Luís (1997)

© Régis Filho

Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves (1999)

© UNESCO

Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves (1999)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Historic Center of the Town of Diamantina (1999)

Central Amazon Conservation Complex (2000, 2003)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Pantanal Conservation Area (2000)

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves (2001)

© Bruno Poppe

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks (2001)

Historic Center of the Town of Goiás (2001)

São Francisco Square in the Town of São Cristóvão (2010)

© Ruy Salaverry

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea (2012)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1987
Death of poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987).

Carlos was born in Itabira, a mining city near Belo Horizonte. He studied in Rio de Janeiro, but he was expelled due to insubordinate behavior. Carlos started to work for a newspaper, the Diário Minas. He managed to finish his Pharmacy study, although this area did not really receive his full interest. Coincidence or not, Carlos worked his entire active life at SPHAN, the administrative sector of the IPHAN (see above). Since 1928, when his first bundle was published, Carlos published a great number of poetry and prose. In 1987, he died in Rio de Janeiro, twelve days after the death of his only daughter. Carlos may be considered as one of the most important poets of Brazil. In 1996, a documentary was made by Heddy Honigmann, in which Brazilians were reading poetry of Carlos, in front of a running camera: ‘O Amor Natural’.

Statue of Carlos Drummond de Andrade

CARLOS DRUMMOND DE ANDRADE
Carlos Drummond de Andrade	Carlos Drummond De Andrade (2)
Arquivo N : Carlos Drummond de Andrade	As Sem-Razões do Amor
E agora José	Confidência do Itabirano
O Amor Segundo Drummond

Below a famous poem of Carlos Drummond de Andrade:

As sem razões do amor

Eu te amo porque te amo.
Não precisas ser amante,
e nem sempre sabe sê-lo.
Eu te amo porque te amo.
Amor é estado de graça
e com amor não se paga.

 
Amor é dado de graça,
é semeado no vento,
na cachoeira, no eclipse.
Amor foge a dicionários
e a regulamentos vários.

 
Eu te amo porque te amo
bastante ou demais a mim.
Porque amor não se troca,
não se conjuga nem se ama.
Porque amor é amor a nada,
feliz e forte em si mesmo.

 
Amor é primo da morte,
e da morte vencedor,
por mais que o matem (e matam)
a cada instante de amor.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (193): July 12

 

Brazilian Days 193

July 12

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Engenheiro Florestal

(Forestry Engineer). A profession that is indispensable in a forested nation like Brazil. The forestry engineer is concerned with the exploitation of forests, nature conservation; and to evaluate economic, cultural and environmental interests of the forest.

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtbN__3C59U&w=400%5D
Engenharia Florestal

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1980
Election of soccer player Pele as athlete of the century.

The French sports magazine L’Équipe called Pele as the best athlete of the century, although at that time still twenty years were left to 2000. In 1999, Pele received a similar title by the International Olympic Committee. However, he had never participated in the Olympic event. In 2000, he shared the title of Best Player of the Century with the Argentinian Diego Maradona.



[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7HFq1gKeUU&w=400%5D
Goals: the top 20 by Pelé

---

1933
The city of Ouro Preto (MG) receives the title of National (=Brazilian) Monument.
Founded in the early eighteenth century under the name Vila Rica, Ouro Preto was the first city declared a National Monument. (See also July 8). In 1980, the city received the title of World Heritage Site by the UNESCO.

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCHbOo0t9_w&w=400%5D
Terra de Minas: Ouro Preto

[youtube:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc2s0whTul8&w=400%5D
Terra Minas: Ouro Preto, a Casa dos Contos

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (111): April 21

Brazilian Days 111 

April 21

 

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia de Tiradentes
(Tiradentes). Tiradentes was the leader of the conspiracy group in Minas Gerais (Inconfidência Mineira) that battled for more freedom and rights. Betrayal resulted in the arrest of the members, and only Tiradentes was condemned to death. He was hanged and quartered, in Rio de Janeiro.

TIRADENTES
Tiradentes, o Mártir da Independência do Brasil	Tiradentes – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

---

Dia da Latinidade
(Latin Identity). Long before the foundation of Rome, Italic people lived in that region. The best known subgroup derived from this people is the Latino people. Brazil is a nation with very strong Latin roots, mainly due to Portuguese, Italian and Spanish migrants. However, Brazilians also have strong African and Indian roots. This so-called ‘tropicalization’ created the pluricultural community. The International Dia da Latinidade is on 15 May. Interestingly, April 21 is considered as the foundation day of the city of Rome.

 

---

Dia do Metalúrgico
(Metallurgist). Metallurgy emerged about six thousand years ago, in the Middle East. Metallurgy in Brazil received a big boost when Europe needed iron ore for the war industry, during the Second World War. A number of foreign companies started to analyze the possibilities in Brazil. Multinational mining company VALE was founded during the War, in 1945. At present, the metallurgic industry is responsible for more than two million registered job positions in Brazil, more than 5 percent of the total number of registered workers in Brazil.

---

Dia do Policial Civil e Militar
(Brazilian Civil and Military Police). Tiradentes is the patron of the Military and Civil police in Brazil. The day became official in 1946, by President Gaspar Dutra. In 2007, Brazil counted 298 thousand servicemen of the Military and 228 thousand of the Civil Police.

---

Dia do Têxtil
(Textile). According to Associação Brasileira da Indústria Têxtil e de Confecção (ABIT; Brazilian Association of Textile and Confection Industry), more than 30 thousand textile companies exist in Brazil, good for more than 1.7 million textile workers.

---

Dia Nacional da Paz no Trânsito
(Respect in Traffic). In 2009, more than 400 thousand accidents with victims caused more than 20 thousand deaths in traffic. In the same year, about 50 thousand pedestrians died in traffic.

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1792
Death of Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, better known as Tiradentes.
The leader of the ‘Mineiro Conspiracy’ was condemned to death. He was hanged and then quartered.

TIRADENTES
Tiradentes – A criação de um herói brasileiro	Série especial julgamento de Tiradentes (13/04/12)
Série especial julgamento de Tiradentes (16/04/12)	Série especial julgamento de Tiradentes (18/04/12)
Série especial julgamento de Tiradentes (19/04/12)	Série especial julgamento de Tiradentes (20/04/12)

---

1960
Inauguration of the new Brazilian capital, Brasília, by President Kubitschek.
The new capital, more centrally located replaced Rio de Janeiro. The capital was designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Nieymeyer and now is listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

BRASÍLIA
A inauguração de Brasília	Juscelino Kubitschek inaugura Brasília em 21 de abril de 1960
Documentário Brasília: projeto capital ( Versão Integral)	Primeiras imagens de Brasília

---

1960
Creation of the state of Guanabara.
The transfer of the Brazilian capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília resulted in the renaming of the Federal District into a new Brazilian state. The state of Guanabara was added to the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1975.

---

1985
Death of president-elect Tancredo Neves
Tancredo was the first (indirectly) elected civil president since the end of the dictatorship. He suffered cancer and died shortly before his installation as president. Vice-president José Sarney succeeded Tancredo.

 

TANCREDO NEVES
Presidente eleito Tancredo Neves morre em São Paulo (1985)	1985 – Anúncio da morte do Presidente Tancredo de Almeida Neves

---

1962
Inauguration of Universidade de Brasília (created in 1961).

1880
São Carlos (SP) elevated to the status of a city.

SÃO CARLOS
São Carlos – Sp	São Carlos – SP
HINO DO SÃO CARLOS	UM POUCO DO PASSADO DE SÃO CARLOS – SP

---

1975
Death of ex-president Paschoal Ranieri Mazzilli (president in 1961 and in 1964).

 

---

1981
The historical city of Ouro Preto added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Ouro Preto became the first Brazilian heritage to be added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

OURO PRETO
OURO PRETO – UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE	Ouro Preto in Brazil – World Heritage Site by Unesco ( Full HD )
Ouro Preto MG Institutional English Version	OURO PRETO / BRAZIL – UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE

---

1867
First Brazilian expedition crossed Apa River, and then entered Paraguay, where it occupied Forte Bela Vista, during the Paraguayan War.

---

2006
Inauguration of the oil production platform P-50 in Bacia de Campos (RJ).

---

2005
Death of former coach of the Brazilian soccer team, Telê Santana.

TELÊ SANTANA
Homenagem a TELÊ SANTANA da Silva	Assista à íntegra da entrevista com Telê Santana (1992)
Telê Santana – Meio Século de Futebol Arte – parte 1	Telê Santana – Meio Século de Futebol Arte – parte 2
Telê Santana – Meio Século de Futebol Arte – parte 3	Telê Santana – Meio Século de Futebol Arte – parte 4
Telê Santana – Meio Século de Futebol Arte – parte 5	Telê Santana – Meio Século de Futebol Arte – parte 6

 

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (038): February 7

Brazilian Days 038 

February 7

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Nacional do Gráfico

(Graphic).

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1827
First edition of Farol Paulistano

Farol Paulistano was the first newspaper in São Paulo.

---

1851
Start of the steam shipping between Brazil and Europe.

---

1905
Large-scale weavers strike in São Bernardo do Campo (SP)

---

1909
Birth of bishop and human rights activist Dom Helder Pessoa Câmara (1909-1999).

  

---

1923
Start of the glorious strike by graphics in São Paulo.

The strike is now commemorated as Day of the Graphic.

---

1963
Creation of the Coat of Arms for the state of Rio de Janeiro, by Lei nº 5.138 .

---

1986
UNESCO declared Brasília as World Heritage Site.

  

---

2009
Crash of airplane EMB 110 Bandeirante in Manacapuru – Amazonas River killed 24 people

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (341): December 7

Brazilian Days 341

December 7

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Internacional da Aviação Civil    

(International Civil Aviation Day). The day was stablished in 1994 by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) by the UN General Assembly (Resolution A29-1), in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the organization, created on 7 December 1944. In 1996, the General Assembly recognized this day as an official UN day. The purpose of the global celebration is to generate and reinforce worldwide awareness of the importance of international civil aviation in the social and economic development of States, and of the role of ICAO in promoting the safety, efficiency and regularity of international air transport. Every day 93,000 flights are starting from approx. 9,000 airports. At all times there are between 8,000 and 13,000 airplanes in the air.

Theme for 2012 was:

Aviation: Your Reliable Connection to the World

INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
airtraffic volume for 24 hour period	All the Airlines of the World

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1848
Death of dramaturg Martins Pena

    

---

1933
Change of the Brazilian capital to Planalto Central was proposed to Constituinte

The proposal was an initiative of general Cristovão Barcelos.

---

1987
Inclusion of Brasília on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

---

1866
Commercial ships from all nations were allowed to navigate on the Amazon River and its side rivers, and on the São Francisco River.

---

1988
First successful heart-lung transplantation realized in São Paulo.

---

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (278): October 5

Brazilian Days 278

October 5

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia Nacional das Aves

(Birds). According to Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ortnitológicos (CBRO; Brazilian Society of Ornithologists), Brazil hosts more than 1800 known bird species. The most recent observed (2010) new bird species in Brazil is the ferreirinho-de-cara-branca (Poecilotriccus albifacies (Blake, 1959)). About 10 percent of the Brazilian bird species are endangered species.

Collection of birds in Brazil (incl pictures and sounds): WikiAves

YouTube channel with many bird videos

Another YouTube channel with bird videos

BRAZILIAN BIRDS
Aves do Brasil – Birds of Brazil	Aves do Brasil II – Birds of Brazil II
Aves do Brasil – Beija-flores, verdadeiras pinturas da natureza	Aves do Brasil – Patos, marrecas e cisnes do Brasil
Birds of Brazil – Parrots, Cuckoos, Anis	Inside – Parque das Aves – Brasil

---

Dia do Bóia-fria

(Seasonal worker). The term bóia-fria has a historical background: poor farm workers were picked up by a truck at dawn, and brought to the area where they had to work the entire day. They carried their warm meal (bóia) with them. At midday, their lunch hour, the warm meal was no longer warm but lukewarm, at most. These seasonal workers were employed in a certain season, such as harvest time. Because of the sometimes harsh circumstances, a number of humanitarian organizations consider it as modern slavery. One clear example is the suger can cutter, who cuts no less than 12 tons (!) of suger can a day (12 working hours) for only 2.20 reais (a bit less than 1 euro) per ton. One ton of sugar cane produces 148 kg sugar, which has a value of approximately 100 reais. One famous bíoa-fria is Brazilian marathon athlete Vanderley Cordeiro de Lima (1969), who gained the bronze medal in Athens (2004), despite the ridiculous action of a bystander who tried to stop him.
 

 

BÓIA-FRIA
Os Bóias-frias	Vida de Bóia Fria
Pakistan: Misal Khan	Greece: Hussaini

---

Dia do Trabalhador Rural Volante

(Seasonal worker). See above.

---

Dia da Micro e Pequena Empresa

(Small and Medium Businesses). Small and medium businesses (MPE in short) represent more than 99 percent of all Brazilian businesses, and offer work to 28.7 million Brazilians. The SEBRAE (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio ás Micro- e Pequeno Empresas, founded in 1972) is an institute that supports these businesses with loans and know-how. Recently, a new law (Lei Geral) for these businesses has come into effect,after more than 3 years of debates. With this law, rules for starting a new company have been simplified.

SMALL & MEDIUM BUSINESSES
SEBRAE-MG – Dia da Micro e Pequena Empresa	Campanha BB – Micro e Pequenas Empresas – 2011
SEBRAE-MG – Sobrevivência das micro e pequenas empresas é maior hoje em dia	SEBRAE-MG – Lei Geral das Micro e Pequenas Empresas

---

Dia Mundial do Professor

World Teacher’s Day is created by the UNESCO in 1994, in remembrance of the ratification of the Charter of the Teacher by the UNESCO and the ILO (International Labor Organization) on 5 October 1966, and the Charter for Teachers of Superior Education in 1997.

Motto of 2007 was:

Quality teachers for quality education

Motto of 2012 was:

Take a stand for teachers!

Quote by Alexander the Great:

“I am indebted to my father for my living, but to my teacher for living well”

   

WORLD TEACHER’S DAY
In Gratitude:UNESCO World Teachers’ Day 2009	5 October 2010, World Teachers’ Day
Inspiration for teaching: World Teachers’ Day 2011	How much is a good teacher worth ?

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1557
Death of Caramurú (1475-1557).

Diego Álvarez Correa was born in Coruña (Spain), although there are Portuguese researchers who are convinced that he was born in Viana do Castelo (Portugal). In 1510, Diego joined an expedition to the Brazilian mainland, but his ship got shipwrecked near Itaparica Island in Bahia. His companions became a feast for the Tupinambá indians living there, but Diego made impression with his musket: he stayed alive and gained his nickname Caramurú (Tupinambá for moraine) to his musket. He lived with the indians, got married with Paraguassu, a daughter of tribal chief Taparica. Diego had many children with different women. Diego and Paraguassu traveled to France, where Paraguassu became baptized into Catarina do Brasil. Thanks to his experiences with the indians, Diego worked as a interpreter and negotiator between the Portuguese, missionaries, and indians. He assisted Tomé de Sousa with the foundation of the city of Salvador. Salvador became the capital of the Brazilian colony. Diego died in Vila Velha (ES). Frei José de Santa Rita Durão wrote an epic poem (1781) about the person Caramurú, TV channel Globo produced a movie about his life.

 

CARAMURU
Caramuru. Diogo e Paraguassu	A piece from the brazilian movie “Caramuru” (Subs & Trans)
Caramuru (1/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009	Caramuru (2/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009
Caramuru (3/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009	Caramuru (4/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009
Caramuru (5/5) – De Lá Pra Cá – 30/03/2009	Obra Rara – “Caramuru: poema épico do descobrimento da Bahia”

---

1988
Creation of the state of Amapá (AP).

Amapá shares borders with the state of Pará, and with neighboring countries Suriname and French Guyana. The state is located at the mouth of the Amazon river. Macapá, the state capital, is located on the equator. The size of Amapá is 3.5 times the size of The Netherlands and counts only 600 thousand inhabitants. Most of them live in the capital. The former capitania Costa do Cabo Norte suffered numerous attacks and invasion attempts by the English, French and Dutch. The borderline between Amapá and French Guyana was drawn in 1713, following the Treaty of Utrecht.

 

AMAPÁ (AP)
Amapá, terra das águas (Globo Repórter 2007)	Macapá Amapá (Vídeo Atualizado)
Turismo no Amapá	Macapa – Amapa – North Region – Brazil

---

1988
Creation of the state of Roraima (RR).

The state of Roraima (5.5 times the size of The Netherlands) is located in north Brazil, and shares borders with neighboring countries Venezuela, and Guyana, and with the states of Pará and Amazonas. Roraima counts no more than 400 thousand inhabitants, of which more than half lives in Boa Vista, the capital. The former area of Rio Branco was disputed by the English, Spanish, and Dutch. The Dutch arrived there in their search of trade opportunities and indians for slave trade. In order to withstand the foreign expeditions, the Capitania Real de São José do Rio Branco was created in 1755. Ealry 20th century the capitania lost a tiny part of its area to English Guyana.

 

RORAIMA (RR)
RORAIMA	Roraima, Terra de Oportunidades
Conheça um pouco mais sobre o estado de Roraima com o jornalista	Roraima – Fronteira do Brasil com bons negócios

---

1988
Creation of the state of Tocantins (TO).

According to the new Brazilian constitution of 1988. Tocantins became separated from the state of Goiás. The state, seven times the size of The Netherlands, counts nearly 1.5 million inhabitants. Palmas, the state capital, was founded in 1989, and now counts little more than 240 thousand inhabitants.

  

TOCANTINS (TO)
VT Aniversário Palmas 22 anos – Uma idéia que deu certo 2011	Potencialidades do Tocantins
Palmas Tocantins (Vídeo Atualizado)	Tocantins – História Viva

---

1988
Publication of the eight Brazilian Constitutional Law.

The first Brazilian Constitutional Law was created by Dom Pedro I in 1824. Two years after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, number two was published in 1891. Number three appeared in 1934, as a reaction upon the revolutions in earlier years. Getúlio Vargas introduced number four, which followed after his declaration of the Estado Novo (1937). When his dictatorial government was ended, number five appeared in 1946. Three years after the military coup in 1964, number six was published in 1967. Less than two years later, it was rewritten in number seven. Number eight was published three years after the end of the dicatorial government in 1985.

 

BRAZILIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1988
Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (1/5)	Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (2/5)
Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (3/5)	Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (4/5)
Saber Direito – Constituição Federal (5/5)	Oitava Constituição Brasileira entra em vigor (1988)
Discurso de Promulgação da Constituição de 88	Promulgação da Constituição de 1988 – Ulisses Guimarães

---

1942
Replacement of the Brazilian currency: Réis by Cruzeiro (Decreto-lei nº 4.791).

This monetary replacement came into effect on 1 November 1942. The centavo was introduced as one-hundredth part of the Cruzeiro. The new currency (Cr$) had the value that was equal to 1000 Réis.

 

CRUZEIRO
As moedas do Brasil de 1981 a 2011 – 30 anos, 5 moedas diferentes (SBT Brasil)	MOEDA BRASILEIRA DO RÉIS AO REAL
Programa Falando – A história da moeda no Brasil (Parte 1)	Programa Falando – A história da moeda no Brasil (Parte 2)

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (245): September 2

Brazilian Days 245

September 2

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Florista

(Florist). St. Dorothea, her feast day seems to be today, is the patron saint of horticulture. Dorothea of Caesarea was a martyr during the prosecutions by the Roman emperor Diocletianus. The legend says that a man asked Dorothea – on the way to her execution (decapitation – to bring him apples and roses from the garden from her husband (she was virgin, she said that Jesus was her husband). Before her execution, a six year old child delivered the man the veil of Dorothea, filled with a heavenly scent of flowers and fruits. This man, named Theophylus, became that impressed that he converted himself to Christianity and later became a martyr, too. Obviously, Dorothea’s date of death is February 6, 311, while her feast day is also mentioned as February 6.

 

FLORIST

Como fazer um arranjo de flores profissional

---

Dia do Repórter Fotográfico e Cinematográfico

(Photo reporter and film reporter). No day without news. News that travels at light speed these days, or you receive the printed version a bit later. Without photographs and films, many news items will not have great impact. Images must provoke emotions and draw attention of the spectator or reader. French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson (1908-2004) is considered as the father of photo journalism. One of the most respected Brazilian photo reporters is Sebastião Salgado. Other Brazilian photo reporters are to be seen on this site. The European Day for the Rights of the Journalist is held on September 5.


source

Uma imagem vale mais do que mil palavras
One image has more value than one thousand words

The photograph itself doesn’t interest me. I want only to capture a minute part of reality.
― Henri Cartier-Bresson

“To photograph: it is to put on the same line of sight the head, the eye and the heart.”
― Henri Cartier-Bresson

“It is not the photographer who makes the picture, but the person being photographed”.
― Sebastião Salgado

source

PHOTO REPORTER
Dia do reporter Fotográfico	Repórter fotográfico no jornalismo impresso
Profissão Repórter – 02/08/11 – Fotógrafos Em Ação, Parte 1	Profissão Repórter – 02/08/11 – Fotógrafos Em Ação, Parte 2
Cartier Bresson Street Photography I	Cartier Bresson Street Photography (II)
Cartier Bresson Street Photography (III)	Sebastiao Salgado: The Photographer as Activist

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1980
City of Ouro Preto added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In 1698, a fazenda was founded at the location of Ouro Preto, 93 kilometers from Belo Horizonte. In 1711, the settlement became more structured and gained the name Vila Rica. In 1720, Vila Rica became the capital of the new capitania of Minas Gerais. In 1823, the city received the title Imperial Cidade, Imperial City, and was renamed in Ouro Preto. The city lost its status of capital when Belo Horizonte was inaugurated in 1897. In 1933, Ouro Preto was declared Brazilian Cultural Heritage. In 1980, the city was the first Brazilian location to be added to the prestigious World Heritage List of the UNESCO. The city is widely known for its historic center in the colonial, baroque style.

OURO PRETO
Há 30 anos Ouro Preto recebia o título de patrimônio cultural	Terra de Minas – Ouro Preto

---

1962
Soccer player Edson Arantes do Nascimento, beter known as Pelé, made his 500th goal. 

Pelé scored his 500th goal in the match between Santos and São Paulo, which ended in a 3×3 draw. In this match, Pelé scored twice, the latter became his 500th. Seven years later, he would break the magic limit of one thousand goals.

PELÉ

Pelé part 1

Pelé part 2

---

1850
Foundation of the city of Blumenau (SC).

On 2 September 1850, seventeen German migrants arrived by traveling via the Itajaí-Açu River. Their leader was medical pharmacist Hermann Bruno Otto Blumenau. The original idea was to create an agricultural colony, but soon it became an industrial colony, the largest textile center of Brazil. Due to the industrial activities, the city also became a trade center of significance. Thanks to an article in the widely read magazine Reader’s Digest, Blumenau gained reputation as an exotic tourist resort. In reaction, the city organized various events, including the famous Oktoberfest, world’s second largest beer festival, after the Fest in Munich, Germany. The tight cultural ties with Germany are clearly visible during this festival. At present, the city hosts a little more than 300 thousand inhabitants.

More (general and touristic) information about Blumenau

Historical videos of Blumenau

 

BLUMENAU (SC)
Blumenau 160 anos	Hey Blumenau – RBS TV
Oktoberfest 2011 – Blumenau /SC	Abertura Oficial da Oktoberfest Blumenau 2011
DESFILE 160 ANOS de BLUMENAU – 02.09.2010	Conhecendo Blumenau
Hino oficial da cidade de Blumenau – SC

---

1939
Brazil maintained neutrality, after the declarations of war of France and England against Germany.

President Vargas declared that Brazil would stay neutral in the conflict in Europe. Three years later, as a reaction upon the destruction of Brazilian vessels by German and Italian war ships, Brazil declared war against both nations.

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.

Brazilian Days (229): August 17

Brazilian Days 229

August 17

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Patrimônio Histórico

(National Heritage). On January 13, 1937, the Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN; Brazilian Institute for Historical and Cultural Heritage) was founded by decree. The famous historian and journalist Rodrigo Mello Franco de Andrade (Belo Horizonte-MG, 1898-1969) arrived there to work, and he stayed there until his death. August 17 is his day of birth. The IPHAN is responsible for the administration and maintenance of the Brazilian Heritage. A huge heritage, consisting of more than 16 thousand buildings, 50 historic centers, and 5000 archeological locations. In addition, IPHAN administrates more than one million cataloged objects, such as books, archives, archive films, and sound fragments. Most Brazilian historical museums also take part of the huge IPHAN administration.

IPHAN videos in YouTube

Videos of Brazilian heritage

At present, the following locations are included in the World Heritage List of the UNESCO:

© M&G Therin-Weise

Historic Town of Ouro Preto (1980)

© UNESCO

Historic Center of the Town of Olinda (1982)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Jesuit Mission of Guaranis: Ruins of São Miguel das Missoes (1984)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia (1985)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas (1985)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Iguaçu National Park (1986)

© UNESCO

Brasília (1987)

© Nomination File

Serra da Capivara National Park (1991)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Historic Center of São Luís (1997)

© Régis Filho

Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves (1999)

© UNESCO

Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves (1999)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Historic Center of the Town of Diamantina (1999)

Central Amazon Conservation Complex (2000, 2003)

© M & G Therin-Weise

Pantanal Conservation Area (2000)

Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves (2001)

© Bruno Poppe

Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks (2001)

Historic Center of the Town of Goiás (2001)

São Francisco Square in the Town of São Cristóvão (2010)

© Ruy Salaverry

Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea (2012)

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1987
Death of poet Carlos Drummond de Andrade (1902-1987).

Carlos was born in Itabira, a mining city near Belo Horizonte. He studied in Rio de Janeiro, but he was expelled due to insubordinate behavior. Carlos started to work for a newspaper, the Diário Minas. He managed to finish his Pharmacy study, although this area did not really receive his full interest. Coincidence or not, Carlos worked his entire active life at SPHAN, the administrative sector of the IPHAN (see above). Since 1928, when his first bundle was published, Carlos published a great number of poetry and prose. In 1987, he died in Rio de Janeiro, twelve days after the death of his only daughter. Carlos may be considered as one of the most important poets of Brazil. In 1996, a documentary was made by Heddy Honigmann, in which Brazilians were reading poetry of Carlos, in front of a running camera: ‘O Amor Natural’.

Statue of Carlos Drummond de Andrade

CARLOS DRUMMOND DE ANDRADE
Carlos Drummond de Andrade	Carlos Drummond De Andrade (2)
Arquivo N : Carlos Drummond de Andrade	As Sem-Razões do Amor
E agora José	Confidência do Itabirano
O Amor Segundo Drummond

Below a famous poem of Carlos Drummond de Andrade:

As sem razões do amor

Eu te amo porque te amo.
Não precisas ser amante,
e nem sempre sabe sê-lo.
Eu te amo porque te amo.
Amor é estado de graça
e com amor não se paga.

 
Amor é dado de graça,
é semeado no vento,
na cachoeira, no eclipse.
Amor foge a dicionários
e a regulamentos vários.

 
Eu te amo porque te amo
bastante ou demais a mim.
Porque amor não se troca,
não se conjuga nem se ama.
Porque amor é amor a nada,
feliz e forte em si mesmo.

 
Amor é primo da morte,
e da morte vencedor,
por mais que o matem (e matam)
a cada instante de amor.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

.