Brazilian Days (001): January 1

Brazilian Days 001 

January 1
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DAY OF:

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Dia da Fraternização

(Fraternization). The Day of Fraternization was introduced by Pope Paul VI in 1968. At that time, it was celebrated by Friends of Peace, without notion of race, country, social or economical status. Each year, the Pope issues a message with  theme. On December 8, 1967 the Pope issued the following message (complete text): 

“Dirigimo-nos a todos os homens de boa vontade, para os exortar a celebrar o Dia da Paz, em todo o mundo, no primeiro dia do ano civil, 1 de Janeiro de 1968. Desejaríamos que depois, cada ano, esta celebração se viesse a repetir, como augúrio e promessa, no início do calendário que mede e traça o caminho da vida humana no tempo que seja a Paz, com o seu justo e benéfico equilíbrio, dominando o processo da história no futuro.”

Freely translated as:

“I propose to celebrate the Day of Peace in the entire world, on January 1, 1968. It is my wish to have this day celebrated as the Day of Peace, with hope and desire for a better future, on this first day of a new calendar year.””

See also: texts from Popes Paul VI, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis.

Because the Day of Peace is celebrated on September 21, since 1981, the day of January 1 is now celebrated as the Day of Fraternization.

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Universal Day of Mercosul

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Dia Universal da Paz.
(Universal Day of Peace). Until 1981, January 1 was the Universal Day of Peace. In 1981, this day was moved to September 21. (see above).

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1502
Discovery of Guanabara Bay.
Portuguese vessels arrived there at New Year’s Day. The Portuguese thought to have reached the mouth of a river. This wrong assumption led to the name of Rio de Janeiro (January River)

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1679
Nobleman Francisco Gil de Araújo elevated Aldeia de Guaraparim to the status of Vila.
In 1585, padre José de Anchieta constructed a chapel at the margin of the Guarapari River, in Espírito Santo. This chapel was dedicated to Sant’Ana or Santa Maria. In 1677, Francisco Gil de Araújo gave orders to construct a church, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Conceição. In 1674, Gilverto obtained the rights of the capitania Espírito Santo, after payment of 40000 cruzados. During his reign, until 1687, he founded various fortresses and settlements. At present, Guarapari is a popular beach resort for many tourist, mainly from neighboring state of Minas Gerais.

Guarapari around 1960-1970

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1727
Encampment of Bom Jesus de Cuiabá elevated to the status of a village.
On 8 April 1719, a small settlement was founded along the margins of the Prainha River, by the pioneers Pascoal Moreira Cabral and Miguel Sutil, since they found an enormous goldmine. Since this settlement, that bore the name Arraial do Senhor Bom Jesus, was located west of the demarcation line that was agreed in the Treaty of Tordesilhas (that formally shared the American continent in two parts: Spanish and Portuguese), this date is considered as the end of the treaty. On 1 January 1727, this settlement was elevated to Vila Real (village), with the name Vila Real do Senhor Bom Jesus de Cuiabá. In 1818, the Vila gained the status of a city, and in 1835, Cuiabá became capital of the state of Mato Grosso.

Cuiabá as it should have been in the
first half of the 18th century.

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1852
Installation of theProvincie of Amazonas, at that time known as Rio Negro.
At that time, this enormous province counted about forty thousand inhabitants. Most of them were slaves, from African origin.

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1931
Creation of Esporte Clube Bahia in Salvador.
Using the slogan “Nascido para vencer” (Born to win) soccer club Esporte Clube Bahia was created by (former) members of the tennis- and athletics clubs. Bahia normally plays in white shirts, blue shorts, and red socks. In 1959, Bahia was the winner of the Taça Brasil, the first national championship. In 1988, the club became Brazilian champion. Therefore, there are two golden stars on top of the emblem. Bahia is a 43-time champion of the state of Bahia. The arch rival is Vitória, also from Salvador. Bahia was the first Brazilian club that participated in Copa Libertadores, in 1960. The club had participated two more times, in 1964, and in 1989. Barcelona star Daniel Alves came from Bahia. On this web site various versions of the club hymn may be listened.

  
emblem / mascotte

  
Daniel Alves / winning team in 1931 (Bahia)

  
1959 (Taça Brasil) / 1988 (Brasileiro)

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1970
Hijack of a Brazilian airplane in Montevideo (Uruguay).
During the sixties and seventies of the past century, no less than 26 attempts were made to hijack Brazilian planes; some attempts turned out to be successful. Shortly after the start in Montevideo, the Caravelle of airline company Cruzeiro do Sul was hijacked by six militants of the VAR-P (Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária-Palmares), a leftist-oriented resistance movement. One of the militants was Miriam Guimarães Freire, code name Miriam, who sat in the plane with two children of minor age. The hijackers forced the pilot not to fly to Rio de Janeiro, its original destination. The pilot had to fly to Cuba. Thanks to strict censorship by the military dictatorship, the hijack did not appear in news items. Below are some images of the intervention by the FAB (Brazilian Air Force) during the hijack attempt.

  

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1979
AI-5 and related laws and decrees were lifted.
In the final months of the government that was headed by President Geisel, amendment 11 on the constitutional law was accepted, on October 13, 1978. This acceptance led to the restoration of the habeas corpus, among others.

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1979
Implementation of the split-up of the state of Mato Grosso.
The law was already accepted in 1977. The Central-Western state of Mato Gross, sharing borders with Bolivia, Paraguay, and eight Brazilian states, was split into Mato Grosso (capital: Cuiabá), and Mato Grosso do Sul (capital: Campo Grande). According to the Treaty of Tordesilhas, Mato Grosso was originally appointed to Spain. However, Portuguese pioneers and gold seekers explored this region, which led to the creation of the capitania of Mato Grosso in 1748. Two years later, Mato Grosso was appointed to Portugal, according to the Treaty of Madrid. The giant state, with a huge natural and economical diversity, was split in order to promote the regional development in the two separate states. Mato Grosso do Sul is more developed and counts more inhabitants.

Mato Grosso (dark green) and Mato Grosso
do Sul (light green)

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1995
Installation of Fernando Henrique Cardoso as president of Brazil.

  

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1998
Implementation of the Law on Transplantations.

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1999
Start of the second mandate of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso

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2003
Installation of Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva as president of Brazil.

  

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2003
The Public Ministry declares Bingos (gambling machines) as illegal.

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2004
Inauguration of the headquarters of the church ‘Deus é Amor’ in São Paulo

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2004
Installation of Brazil as temporary member of the UN Security Council.

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2007
Start of the second mandate of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

“Quatro anos atrás, nesta Casa, em um primeiro de janeiro, vivi a experiência mais importante de minha vida – a de assumir a presidência do meu País. Não era apenas a realização de um sonho individual. O que então ocorreu foi o resultado de um poderoso movimento histórico do qual eu me sentia – e ainda hoje me sinto – parte e humilde instrumento.

Pela primeira vez, um homem nascido na pobreza, que teve que derrotar o risco crônico da morte na infância e vencer, depois, a desesperança na idade adulta, chegava, pela disputa democrática, ao mais alto posto da República. Pela primeira vez, a longa jornada de um retirante, que começara, como a de milhões de nordestinos, em cima de um pau-de-arara, terminava, como expressão de um projeto coletivo, na rampa do Planalto. Hoje estou de volta a esta Casa, no mesmo primeiro de janeiro e quase na mesma hora. Tenho a meu lado, como em 2003, o amigo e companheiro José Alencar, cuja colaboração inteligente e leal tornou menos árduas as tarefas destes quatro anos. E assim o será no Governo que se inicia.

Tudo é muito parecido, mas tudo é profundamente diferente. É igual e diferente o Brasil; é igual e diferente o mundo; e, eu, sou também igual e diferente. Sou igual naquilo que mais prezo: no profundo compromisso com o povo e com meu país. Sou diferente na consciência madura do que posso e do que não posso, no pleno conhecimento dos limites. Sou igual no ímpeto e na coragem de fazer. Sou diferente na experiência acumulada na difícil arte de governar. Sou igual quando volto a conjugar, nas suas formas mais afirmativas, o verbo mudar, como fiz aqui quatro anos atrás. Mas sou diferente, pois, sem renegar a paciência e a persistência que aqui também preguei, quero hoje pedir, com toda ênfase, pressa, ousadia, coragem e criatividade para abrir novos caminhos.”

Fragment of the inauguration speech of Lula (2006)

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2007
Governor Sérgio Cabral (Rio de Janeiro) sent the National Army to the City of Rio de Janeiro.

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2008
Gasoline stations selling diesel that contain two percent biodiesel.

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2010
Landslide in Angra dos Reis (RJ): dozens of deaths.

  

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2011
Installation of Dilma Rousseff as president of Brazil.

  

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1763
Brazil elevated to the category of vice-kingdom.

As a result, the capital of the Brazilian colony was transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro.

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1874
Inauguration of the submarine telegraph line between Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Pará.

The connection was already established on 23 december 1873. Six months later, on 22 June 1874, the connection was extended to Europe (United Kingdom and Portugal).

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1917
Introduction of Código Civil Brasileiro, the Brazilian Civilian Code.

    

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1930
Foundation of samba school Vai-Vai

  

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1946
Extinction of Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB; Brazilian Expedition Force)

  

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1954
Foundation of the city of Mauá (SP).

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1960
Launch of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, which substituted Folha da Manhã.

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1990
Installation of Palmas as capital of the state of Tocantins.

  

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By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (365): December 31

Brazilian Days 365

December 31

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Esperança
(Hope)

  

  

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Dia das Devoluções
(Restitution)

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Dia da corrida de São Silvestre, em São Paulo
(St Sylvester Run)

  

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Dia dos Umbandistas e Fiéis do Candomblé
(Worshipers of Umbanda and Candomblé)

  

  

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Véspera de Ano-Novo 
(New Year’s Eve)

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1925
Realization of the first St. Sylvester Run in São Paulo.

  

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1980
José João da Silva first Brazilian winner of the St. Sylvester Run.

  

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1913
Withdrawal of presidential candidate, senator Ruy Barbosa.

  

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1940

Reaffirmation of the Brazilian neutrality in Word War II, by Getúlio Vargas.

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1978
End of Ato Institucional nº 5 (AI-5).

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1985
Escape of drug trafficker Escadinha from the prison on Ilha Grande.

He escaped with a helicopter during one of the visits at the end of the year.

  

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1988
Bateau Mouche IV shipwrecked in Baía de Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro), killing 55 people.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2014

.

Brazilian Days (347): December 13

Brazilian Days 347

December 13

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Lapidador

((Gemstone) cutter).

  

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Dia do Marinheiro

(Mariner).

      

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Dia do Pedreiro

(Mason, bricklayer).

  

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Dia Nacional do Ótico

(Brazilian Optics Day)

  

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Dia Nacional do Forró

(Brazilian Forró Day)

  

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Dia do Deficiente Visual

(Visually Disabled).

 

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1968
Issue of Ato Institucional 5 (AI-5) by President Artur Costa e Silva.

AI-5, in fact, replaced the 1967 constitution. The Act provided the president and the federal government powers to close the National Congress and almost all State Legislative Assemblies, to intervene in the states and municipalities, to issue presidential decrees, to censor media, to suspend habeas corpus, to dismiss public servants. to suspend civil rights of people suspected to be subversive against the government. On 13 October 1978, AI-5 was inactivated by President Ernesto Geisel. This inactivation became effective on 1 January 1979.

  

  

  

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1501
Discovery of the Bay of Santa Luzia by André Gonçalves and Américo Vespúcio

At present, Santa Luzia is called Vitória, capital of the state of Espírito Santo

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1814
Birth of nurse Ana Neri (1814-1880.

  

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1912
Birth of Brazilian folk singer Luiz Gonzaga.

    

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1838
Start of Revolta dos Balaios in Maranhão.

The revolt was headed by Manoel Francisco dos Anjos Ferreira.

  

  

  

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007,2014
.

Brazilian Days (286): October 13

Brazilian Days 286

October 13

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Terapeuta Ocupacional

(Occupational therapist). On 13 October 1969, decree no. 938/69 came into effect. The decree defines the professions of occupational therapist and physiotherapist.

 ^source

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST
[TV Jornal] Dia do Fisioterapeuta e Terapeuta Ocupacional	13 de outubro – Dia do Terapeuta Ocupacional
13/10 – Dia do terapeuta Ocupacional	TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL – Programa “Na Real”

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Dia do Fisioterapeuta

(Physiotherapist). On 13 October 1969, decree 938/69 came into effect (see above). On this day, There will be special attention for the occupational and physiotherapists at (educational) institutes. There will be no lectures, but the therapists will enjoy a lunch or a churrasco together.

 ^source

PHYSIOTHERAPIST
FISIOTERAPIA – 13 de Outubro: Dia do Fisioterapeuta	A profissão de fisioterapeuta. Reportagem de Milene Ribeiro, TV Pitágoras.
A fisioterapia como profissão	13 de Outubro de 2009 Dia do Fisioterapeuta e 40 Anos da Fisioterapia no Brasil

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Dia Nacional do Dinheiro

(Money). The origin of this day is not known, but follows one day after the foundation of the first bank in Brazil: Banco do Brasil, which was founded on 12 October 1808. The arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family also brought a large sum of money to Brazil. In the past century, Brazil changed the national currency various times.

 

BRAZILIAN MONEY
Papel Moeda – Brasil	MOEDA BRASILEIRA DO RÉIS AO REAL

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Dia Mundial do Escritor e dos Direitos Autorais

(World Author and Copyright Day). A confusing date, since 23 April (since 1996) is the World Book and Copyright Day, introduced by the United Nations. On 25 July is the Brazilian Author Day, and on 29 October the Brazilian Book Day.

 ^source

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1968
Death of poet Manuel Bandeira (1886- 1968)

Manuel Carneiro de Souza Bandeira Filho was born in Rua da Ventura, what is now Joaquim Nabuco (Pernambuco). His father worked for a railway company; therefore his family had to move various times between the states of Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. At young age, TB was diagnosed, and Manuel had to go to Switzerland for treatment. One year later, he published his first verses. Manuel studied architecture and arts in São Paulo. During the twenties of the past century, he regularly published poetry bundles and prose, sometimes financed by himself. His fiftieth birthday was celebrated abundantly, and one year later, he was appointed as a professor. In 1940, he was admitted to the Brazilian Academy of Literature. During the fifties, more works of Manuel were published, which included some translated works of Shakespeare and Cocteau. In the same period he traveled in Europe.  Manuel died in 1968.

“…o sol tão claro lá fora,
o sol tão claro, Esmeralda,
e em minhalma — anoitecendo.”
^{source  source}

MANUEL BANDEIRA
Vida e obra de Manuel Bandeira	Manuel Bandeira 1886 – 1968
Manuel Bandeira O Poeta do Castelo, 1959 – Joaquim Pedro de Andrade	Manuel Bandeira, o habitante de Pasárgada (Completo)
Modernismo x Manuel Bandeira	Profundamente, Manuel Bandeira

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1982
Closure of the dam of the Itaipu hydro-electric power station.

Itaipu, at the border between Paraguay en Brazil and at a stone’s throw of the famous waterfalls of Foz do Iguaçu, was a prestigious project. Until the inauguration of the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu was the largest in the world. A nature park, that was similar to that of Foz do Iguaçu, was sacrificed. Remains of that park are exhibited in the Itaipu ecological center. In 1978, a start was made with the opening of a canal, in order to construct the dam. In 1982, that lake  – with a size of 1350 square kilometers – was filled within fourteen days only. In 1984, the hydro-electric power station was inaugurated. At present, the station generates about 90 percent of the Paraguayan and less than 25 percent of the Brazilian energy.

 

ITAIPU
De sete quedas a usina de Itaipu	Itaipu – A Força da Amizade
Itaipu – A Pedra que Canta – Parte 1	Itaipu – A Pedra que Canta – Parte 2
O Brasil e suas usinas hidrelétricas	Energia para Dois Países

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1971
Launch of bulk carrier  Omnium Pride.

The ‘Omnium Pride’, was the first bulk carrier, constructed in Brazil, by Sermetal. The carrier mainly transported, under the Cypriot flag, rice, until its demolition in 1998.

^source

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1978
Ratification of the decree that made an end to the infamous AI-5 on 1 January 1979.

The decree was ratified by President Geisel. AI5 (Ato Institucional Número Cinco) was introduced in 1968, at the time of the military dictatorship. IT was one of the most rigid decrees, which inactivated habeas corpus: anyone could be arrested without the right of defense. In addition, the congress was dissolved. The laws, carried out by senators, congressmen and Councillors, became invalid. Political reunions were banned, and the president was allowed to declare martial law, and censure became more rigid.

 

AI-5
Ato Institucional Número Cinco (AI-5)	Brasil: Ditadura – O AI-5 e seus efeitos culturais
Trabalho História – Costa e Silva e o A.I. 5	AI-5

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1823
First issue of ‘Compilador de Minas’

Compilador de Minas was the first newspaper in Minas Gerais. This newspaper did not exist for long, less than two years. Almost all copies are stored in Biblioteca Nacional (National Library) in Rio de Janeiro. (click on the link of ‘Biblioteca Nacional’ for the PDFs)

 ^source

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2002
World title for Brazilian men’s volleyball team.

In Buenos Aires, Brazil beat Russia in the final, which lasted more than two hours: 3-2 ( 23-25, 27-25, 25-20, 23-25, 15-13). It was the first world title for Brazil. Brazil would win two more world titles, in 2006 and in 2010. Twenty years earlier, on 15 October and also in Buenos Aires, Russia beat the Brazilians: 3-0.  

^source

FIVB WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP VOLLEYBALL 2002
Brazil – Russia World Championship 2002 Final 3:2	FINAL MEN’S WCH 2002 BRAZIL 3 X 2 RUSSIA

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (001): January 1

Brazilian Days 001 

January 1
.

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Fraternização

(Fraternization). The Day of Fraternization was introduced by Pope Paul VI in 1968. At that time, it was celebrated by Friends of Peace, without notion of race, country, social or economical status. Each year, the Pope issues a message with  theme. On December 8, 1967 the Pope issued the following message (complete text): 

“Dirigimo-nos a todos os homens de boa vontade, para os exortar a celebrar o Dia da Paz, em todo o mundo, no primeiro dia do ano civil, 1 de Janeiro de 1968. Desejaríamos que depois, cada ano, esta celebração se viesse a repetir, como augúrio e promessa, no início do calendário que mede e traça o caminho da vida humana no tempo que seja a Paz, com o seu justo e benéfico equilíbrio, dominando o processo da história no futuro.”

Freely translated as:

“I propose to celebrate the Day of Peace in the entire world, on January 1, 1968. It is my wish to have this day celebrated as the Day of Peace, with hope and desire for a better future, on this first day of a new calendar year.””

See also: texts from Popes Paul VI, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis.

Because the Day of Peace is celebrated on September 21, since 1981, the day of January 1 is now celebrated as the Day of Fraternization.

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Universal Day of Mercosul

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Dia Universal da Paz.
(Universal Day of Peace). Until 1981, January 1 was the Universal Day of Peace. In 1981, this day was moved to September 21. (see above).

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1502
Discovery of Guanabara Bay.
Portuguese vessels arrived there at New Year’s Day. The Portuguese thought to have reached the mouth of a river. This wrong assumption led to the name of Rio de Janeiro (January River)

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1679
Nobleman Francisco Gil de Araújo elevated Aldeia de Guaraparim to the status of Vila.
In 1585, padre José de Anchieta constructed a chapel at the margin of the Guarapari River, in Espírito Santo. This chapel was dedicated to Sant’Ana or Santa Maria. In 1677, Francisco Gil de Araújo gave orders to construct a church, dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Conceição. In 1674, Gilverto obtained the rights of the capitania Espírito Santo, after payment of 40000 cruzados. During his reign, until 1687, he founded various fortresses and settlements. At present, Guarapari is a popular beach resort for many tourist, mainly from neighboring state of Minas Gerais.

Guarapari around 1960-1970

---

1727
Encampment of Bom Jesus de Cuiabá elevated to the status of a village.
On 8 April 1719, a small settlement was founded along the margins of the Prainha River, by the pioneers Pascoal Moreira Cabral and Miguel Sutil, since they found an enormous goldmine. Since this settlement, that bore the name Arraial do Senhor Bom Jesus, was located west of the demarcation line that was agreed in the Treaty of Tordesilhas (that formally shared the American continent in two parts: Spanish and Portuguese), this date is considered as the end of the treaty. On 1 January 1727, this settlement was elevated to Vila Real (village), with the name Vila Real do Senhor Bom Jesus de Cuiabá. In 1818, the Vila gained the status of a city, and in 1835, Cuiabá became capital of the state of Mato Grosso.

Cuiabá as it should have been in the
first half of the 18th century.

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1852
Installation of theProvincie of Amazonas, at that time known as Rio Negro.
At that time, this enormous province counted about forty thousand inhabitants. Most of them were slaves, from African origin.

---

1931
Creation of Esporte Clube Bahia in Salvador.
Using the slogan “Nascido para vencer” (Born to win) soccer club Esporte Clube Bahia was created by (former) members of the tennis- and athletics clubs. Bahia normally plays in white shirts, blue shorts, and red socks. In 1959, Bahia was the winner of the Taça Brasil, the first national championship. In 1988, the club became Brazilian champion. Therefore, there are two golden stars on top of the emblem. Bahia is a 43-time champion of the state of Bahia. The arch rival is Vitória, also from Salvador. Bahia was the first Brazilian club that participated in Copa Libertadores, in 1960. The club had participated two more times, in 1964, and in 1989. Barcelona star Daniel Alves came from Bahia. On this web site various versions of the club hymn may be listened.

  
emblem / mascotte

  
Daniel Alves / winning team in 1931 (Bahia)

  
1959 (Taça Brasil) / 1988 (Brasileiro)

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1970
Hijack of a Brazilian airplane in Montevideo (Uruguay).
During the sixties and seventies of the past century, no less than 26 attempts were made to hijack Brazilian planes; some attempts turned out to be successful. Shortly after the start in Montevideo, the Caravelle of airline company Cruzeiro do Sul was hijacked by six militants of the VAR-P (Vanguarda Armada Revolucionária-Palmares), a leftist-oriented resistance movement. One of the militants was Miriam Guimarães Freire, code name Miriam, who sat in the plane with two children of minor age. The hijackers forced the pilot not to fly to Rio de Janeiro, its original destination. The pilot had to fly to Cuba. Thanks to strict censorship by the military dictatorship, the hijack did not appear in news items. Below are some images of the intervention by the FAB (Brazilian Air Force) during the hijack attempt.

  

---

1979
AI-5 and related laws and decrees were lifted.
In the final months of the government that was headed by President Geisel, amendment 11 on the constitutional law was accepted, on October 13, 1978. This acceptance led to the restoration of the habeas corpus, among others.

---

1979
Implementation of the split-up of the state of Mato Grosso.
The law was already accepted in 1977. The Central-Western state of Mato Gross, sharing borders with Bolivia, Paraguay, and eight Brazilian states, was split into Mato Grosso (capital: Cuiabá), and Mato Grosso do Sul (capital: Campo Grande). According to the Treaty of Tordesilhas, Mato Grosso was originally appointed to Spain. However, Portuguese pioneers and gold seekers explored this region, which led to the creation of the capitania of Mato Grosso in 1748. Two years later, Mato Grosso was appointed to Portugal, according to the Treaty of Madrid. The giant state, with a huge natural and economical diversity, was split in order to promote the regional development in the two separate states. Mato Grosso do Sul is more developed and counts more inhabitants.

Mato Grosso (dark green) and Mato Grosso
do Sul (light green)

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1995
Installation of Fernando Henrique Cardoso as president of Brazil.

  

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1998
Implementation of the Law on Transplantations.

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1999
Start of the second mandate of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso

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2003
Installation of Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva as president of Brazil.

  

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2003
The Public Ministry declares Bingos (gambling machines) as illegal.

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2004
Inauguration of the headquarters of the church ‘Deus é Amor’ in São Paulo

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2004
Installation of Brazil as temporary member of the UN Security Council.

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2007
Start of the second mandate of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

“Quatro anos atrás, nesta Casa, em um primeiro de janeiro, vivi a experiência mais importante de minha vida – a de assumir a presidência do meu País. Não era apenas a realização de um sonho individual. O que então ocorreu foi o resultado de um poderoso movimento histórico do qual eu me sentia – e ainda hoje me sinto – parte e humilde instrumento.

Pela primeira vez, um homem nascido na pobreza, que teve que derrotar o risco crônico da morte na infância e vencer, depois, a desesperança na idade adulta, chegava, pela disputa democrática, ao mais alto posto da República. Pela primeira vez, a longa jornada de um retirante, que começara, como a de milhões de nordestinos, em cima de um pau-de-arara, terminava, como expressão de um projeto coletivo, na rampa do Planalto. Hoje estou de volta a esta Casa, no mesmo primeiro de janeiro e quase na mesma hora. Tenho a meu lado, como em 2003, o amigo e companheiro José Alencar, cuja colaboração inteligente e leal tornou menos árduas as tarefas destes quatro anos. E assim o será no Governo que se inicia.

Tudo é muito parecido, mas tudo é profundamente diferente. É igual e diferente o Brasil; é igual e diferente o mundo; e, eu, sou também igual e diferente. Sou igual naquilo que mais prezo: no profundo compromisso com o povo e com meu país. Sou diferente na consciência madura do que posso e do que não posso, no pleno conhecimento dos limites. Sou igual no ímpeto e na coragem de fazer. Sou diferente na experiência acumulada na difícil arte de governar. Sou igual quando volto a conjugar, nas suas formas mais afirmativas, o verbo mudar, como fiz aqui quatro anos atrás. Mas sou diferente, pois, sem renegar a paciência e a persistência que aqui também preguei, quero hoje pedir, com toda ênfase, pressa, ousadia, coragem e criatividade para abrir novos caminhos.”

Fragment of the inauguration speech of Lula (2006)

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2007
Governor Sérgio Cabral (Rio de Janeiro) sent the National Army to the City of Rio de Janeiro.

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2008
Gasoline stations selling diesel that contain two percent biodiesel.

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2010
Landslide in Angra dos Reis (RJ): dozens of deaths.

  

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2011
Installation of Dilma Rousseff as president of Brazil.

  

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1763
Brazil elevated to the category of vice-kingdom.

As a result, the capital of the Brazilian colony was transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro.

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1874
Inauguration of the submarine telegraph line between Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Pernambuco, and Pará.

The connection was already established on 23 december 1873. Six months later, on 22 June 1874, the connection was extended to Europe (United Kingdom and Portugal).

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1917
Introduction of Código Civil Brasileiro, the Brazilian Civilian Code.

    

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1930
Foundation of samba school Vai-Vai

  

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1946
Extinction of Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB; Brazilian Expedition Force)

  

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1954
Foundation of the city of Mauá (SP).

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1960
Launch of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, which substituted Folha da Manhã.

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1990
Installation of Palmas as capital of the state of Tocantins.

  

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By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
.

Brazilian Days (365): December 31

Brazilian Days 365

December 31

.

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DAY OF:

---

Dia da Esperança
(Hope)

  

  

---

Dia das Devoluções
(Restitution)

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Dia da corrida de São Silvestre, em São Paulo
(St Sylvester Run)

  

---

Dia dos Umbandistas e Fiéis do Candomblé
(Worshipers of Umbanda and Candomblé)

  

  

---

Véspera de Ano-Novo 
(New Year’s Eve)

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1925
Realization of the first St. Sylvester Run in São Paulo.

  

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1980
José João da Silva first Brazilian winner of the St. Sylvester Run.

  

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1913
Withdrawal of presidential candidate, senator Ruy Barbosa.

  

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1940

Reaffirmation of the Brazilian neutrality in Word War II, by Getúlio Vargas.

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1978
End of Ato Institucional nº 5 (AI-5).

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1985
Escape of drug trafficker Escadinha from the prison on Ilha Grande.

He escaped with a helicopter during one of the visits at the end of the year.

  

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1988
Bateau Mouche IV shipwrecked in Baía de Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro), killing 55 people.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2014

.

Brazilian Days (347): December 13

Brazilian Days 347

December 13

.

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DAY OF:

---

Dia do Lapidador

((Gemstone) cutter).

  

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Dia do Marinheiro

(Mariner).

      

---

Dia do Pedreiro

(Mason, bricklayer).

  

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Dia Nacional do Ótico

(Brazilian Optics Day)

  

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Dia Nacional do Forró

(Brazilian Forró Day)

  

---

Dia do Deficiente Visual

(Visually Disabled).

 

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1968
Issue of Ato Institucional 5 (AI-5) by President Artur Costa e Silva.

AI-5, in fact, replaced the 1967 constitution. The Act provided the president and the federal government powers to close the National Congress and almost all State Legislative Assemblies, to intervene in the states and municipalities, to issue presidential decrees, to censor media, to suspend habeas corpus, to dismiss public servants. to suspend civil rights of people suspected to be subversive against the government. On 13 October 1978, AI-5 was inactivated by President Ernesto Geisel. This inactivation became effective on 1 January 1979.

  

  

  

---

1501
Discovery of the Bay of Santa Luzia by André Gonçalves and Américo Vespúcio

At present, Santa Luzia is called Vitória, capital of the state of Espírito Santo

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1814
Birth of nurse Ana Neri (1814-1880.

  

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1912
Birth of Brazilian folk singer Luiz Gonzaga.

    

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1838
Start of Revolta dos Balaios in Maranhão.

The revolt was headed by Manoel Francisco dos Anjos Ferreira.

  

  

  

---

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007,2014
.

Brazilian Days (286): October 13

Brazilian Days 286

October 13

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Terapeuta Ocupacional

(Occupational therapist). On 13 October 1969, decree no. 938/69 came into effect. The decree defines the professions of occupational therapist and physiotherapist.

 ^source

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST
[TV Jornal] Dia do Fisioterapeuta e Terapeuta Ocupacional	13 de outubro – Dia do Terapeuta Ocupacional
13/10 – Dia do terapeuta Ocupacional	TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL – Programa “Na Real”

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Dia do Fisioterapeuta

(Physiotherapist). On 13 October 1969, decree 938/69 came into effect (see above). On this day, There will be special attention for the occupational and physiotherapists at (educational) institutes. There will be no lectures, but the therapists will enjoy a lunch or a churrasco together.

 ^source

PHYSIOTHERAPIST
FISIOTERAPIA – 13 de Outubro: Dia do Fisioterapeuta	A profissão de fisioterapeuta. Reportagem de Milene Ribeiro, TV Pitágoras.
A fisioterapia como profissão	13 de Outubro de 2009 Dia do Fisioterapeuta e 40 Anos da Fisioterapia no Brasil

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Dia Nacional do Dinheiro

(Money). The origin of this day is not known, but follows one day after the foundation of the first bank in Brazil: Banco do Brasil, which was founded on 12 October 1808. The arrival of the Portuguese Royal Family also brought a large sum of money to Brazil. In the past century, Brazil changed the national currency various times.

 

BRAZILIAN MONEY
Papel Moeda – Brasil	MOEDA BRASILEIRA DO RÉIS AO REAL

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Dia Mundial do Escritor e dos Direitos Autorais

(World Author and Copyright Day). A confusing date, since 23 April (since 1996) is the World Book and Copyright Day, introduced by the United Nations. On 25 July is the Brazilian Author Day, and on 29 October the Brazilian Book Day.

 ^source

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1968
Death of poet Manuel Bandeira (1886- 1968)

Manuel Carneiro de Souza Bandeira Filho was born in Rua da Ventura, what is now Joaquim Nabuco (Pernambuco). His father worked for a railway company; therefore his family had to move various times between the states of Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo. At young age, TB was diagnosed, and Manuel had to go to Switzerland for treatment. One year later, he published his first verses. Manuel studied architecture and arts in São Paulo. During the twenties of the past century, he regularly published poetry bundles and prose, sometimes financed by himself. His fiftieth birthday was celebrated abundantly, and one year later, he was appointed as a professor. In 1940, he was admitted to the Brazilian Academy of Literature. During the fifties, more works of Manuel were published, which included some translated works of Shakespeare and Cocteau. In the same period he traveled in Europe.  Manuel died in 1968.

“…o sol tão claro lá fora,
o sol tão claro, Esmeralda,
e em minhalma — anoitecendo.”
^{source  source}

MANUEL BANDEIRA
Vida e obra de Manuel Bandeira	Manuel Bandeira 1886 – 1968
Manuel Bandeira O Poeta do Castelo, 1959 – Joaquim Pedro de Andrade	Manuel Bandeira, o habitante de Pasárgada (Completo)
Modernismo x Manuel Bandeira	Profundamente, Manuel Bandeira

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1982
Closure of the dam of the Itaipu hydro-electric power station.

Itaipu, at the border between Paraguay en Brazil and at a stone’s throw of the famous waterfalls of Foz do Iguaçu, was a prestigious project. Until the inauguration of the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu was the largest in the world. A nature park, that was similar to that of Foz do Iguaçu, was sacrificed. Remains of that park are exhibited in the Itaipu ecological center. In 1978, a start was made with the opening of a canal, in order to construct the dam. In 1982, that lake  – with a size of 1350 square kilometers – was filled within fourteen days only. In 1984, the hydro-electric power station was inaugurated. At present, the station generates about 90 percent of the Paraguayan and less than 25 percent of the Brazilian energy.

 

ITAIPU
De sete quedas a usina de Itaipu	Itaipu – A Força da Amizade
Itaipu – A Pedra que Canta – Parte 1	Itaipu – A Pedra que Canta – Parte 2
O Brasil e suas usinas hidrelétricas	Energia para Dois Países

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1971
Launch of bulk carrier  Omnium Pride.

The ‘Omnium Pride’, was the first bulk carrier, constructed in Brazil, by Sermetal. The carrier mainly transported, under the Cypriot flag, rice, until its demolition in 1998.

^source

---

1978
Ratification of the decree that made an end to the infamous AI-5 on 1 January 1979.

The decree was ratified by President Geisel. AI5 (Ato Institucional Número Cinco) was introduced in 1968, at the time of the military dictatorship. IT was one of the most rigid decrees, which inactivated habeas corpus: anyone could be arrested without the right of defense. In addition, the congress was dissolved. The laws, carried out by senators, congressmen and Councillors, became invalid. Political reunions were banned, and the president was allowed to declare martial law, and censure became more rigid.

 

AI-5
Ato Institucional Número Cinco (AI-5)	Brasil: Ditadura – O AI-5 e seus efeitos culturais
Trabalho História – Costa e Silva e o A.I. 5	AI-5

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1823
First issue of ‘Compilador de Minas’

Compilador de Minas was the first newspaper in Minas Gerais. This newspaper did not exist for long, less than two years. Almost all copies are stored in Biblioteca Nacional (National Library) in Rio de Janeiro. (click on the link of ‘Biblioteca Nacional’ for the PDFs)

 ^source

---

2002
World title for Brazilian men’s volleyball team.

In Buenos Aires, Brazil beat Russia in the final, which lasted more than two hours: 3-2 ( 23-25, 27-25, 25-20, 23-25, 15-13). It was the first world title for Brazil. Brazil would win two more world titles, in 2006 and in 2010. Twenty years earlier, on 15 October and also in Buenos Aires, Russia beat the Brazilians: 3-0.  

^source

FIVB WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP VOLLEYBALL 2002
Brazil – Russia World Championship 2002 Final 3:2	FINAL MEN’S WCH 2002 BRAZIL 3 X 2 RUSSIA

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

---

 

Brazilian Days (365): December 31

Brazilian Days 365

December 31

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia da Esperança
(Hope)

  

  

---

Dia das Devoluções
(Restitution)

---

Dia da corrida de São Silvestre, em São Paulo
(St Sylvester Run)

  

---

Dia dos Umbandistas e Fiéis do Candomblé
(Worshipers of Umbanda and Candomblé)

  

  

---

Véspera de Ano-Novo 
(New Year’s Eve)

  

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1925
Realization of the first St. Sylvester Run in São Paulo.

  

---

1980
José João da Silva first Brazilian winner of the St. Sylvester Run.

  

---

1913
Withdrawal of presidential candidate, senator Ruy Barbosa.

  

---

1940

Reaffirmation of the Brazilian neutrality in Word War II, by Getúlio Vargas.

---

1978
End of Ato Institucional nº 5 (AI-5).

---

1985
Escape of drug trafficker Escadinha from the prison on Ilha Grande.

He escaped with a helicopter during one of the visits at the end of the year.

  

---

1988
Bateau Mouche IV shipwrecked in Baía de Guanabara (Rio de Janeiro), killing 55 people.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2014

.

Brazilian Days (347): December 13

Brazilian Days 347

December 13

.

---

DAY OF:

---

Dia do Lapidador

((Gemstone) cutter).

  

---

Dia do Marinheiro

(Mariner).

      

---

Dia do Pedreiro

(Mason, bricklayer).

  

---

Dia Nacional do Ótico

(Brazilian Optics Day)

  

---

Dia Nacional do Forró

(Brazilian Forró Day)

  

---

Dia do Deficiente Visual

(Visually Disabled).

 

---

BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

---

1968
Issue of Ato Institucional 5 (AI-5) by President Artur Costa e Silva.

AI-5, in fact, replaced the 1967 constitution. The Act provided the president and the federal government powers to close the National Congress and almost all State Legislative Assemblies, to intervene in the states and municipalities, to issue presidential decrees, to censor media, to suspend habeas corpus, to dismiss public servants. to suspend civil rights of people suspected to be subversive against the government. On 13 October 1978, AI-5 was inactivated by President Ernesto Geisel. This inactivation became effective on 1 January 1979.

  

  

  

---

1501
Discovery of the Bay of Santa Luzia by André Gonçalves and Américo Vespúcio

At present, Santa Luzia is called Vitória, capital of the state of Espírito Santo

---

1814
Birth of nurse Ana Neri (1814-1880.

  

---

1912
Birth of Brazilian folk singer Luiz Gonzaga.

    

---

1838
Start of Revolta dos Balaios in Maranhão.

The revolt was headed by Manoel Francisco dos Anjos Ferreira.

  

  

  

---

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007,2014
.