Brazilian Days (295): October 22

Brazilian Days 295

October 22

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Paraquedista

(Parachutist). On 22 October 1797, Frenchman André-Jacques Garnerin (1769-1823) made the first successful parachute jump, from a balloon at an altitude of 670 meters, in Paris. The balloon was constructed according to a model of Leonardo da Vinci. In London, he jumped from an altitude of 2400 meters.

   

PARACHUTISM
Feliz Dia Do Paraquedista!	Programa Expressão – Dia Do Paraquedista

Bold Garnerin went up

Which increased his Repute

And came safe to earth

In his Grand Parachute.

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Dia da Praça

(Square). The day is listed in any calendar, but little attention is paid to this event.

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Dia do Radioamador

(Radio amateur). Until 1968, 22 October was the Brazilian Day of the Radio Amateur. this day was to commemorate the foundation of Liga de Amadores Brasileiros de Rádio Emissão (LABRE; Brazilian Radio Amateurs League) in 1934. From 1968, the day was moved to 5 November, to commemorate the publication of Decree 16,657, which regulated the stations of existing radio amateurs in Brazil, which were considered to be illegal until then. The International Radio Amateur Day is on 18 April, the foundation day of the IARU: International Amateur Radio Union (1925).

 

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Dia Internacional de Atenção à Gagueira

(International Stuttering Awareness Day). This day was introduced in 1998, by the International Stuttering Association. Millions of people worldwide have speech disorder or stuttering. It is estimated that about ten million Brazilians have to deal with some form of stuttering in lifetime. Of them, about two million suffer a chronic form of stuttering (which can last months or years).

Themes for 2012 are:

Tenho muito a dizer

A Voice and Something to Say

STUTTERING
Stammering and International Stuttering Awareness Day (ISAD)	DIA MUNDIAL DE ATENÇÃO À GAGUEIRA

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1908
Death of playwright, poet, journalist and writer Artur de Azevedo (1855-1908)

Artur was born on 7 July 1855 in São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão. At young age, Artur showed interest for theater, and already in 1872, he published his first theater piece: Amor por Anexins. He was fired when he published satirical work directed against the government. Artur moved to Rio de Janeiro, to work there as an amanuensis. He also became Portuguese teacher and started his journalist career as a theater critic. Artur wrote numerous articles, mainly about theater. His theater pieces ‘Véspera de Reis‘ and ‘A Capital Federal‘. He was the older brother of writer Aluísio Azevedo. They both were members of the Brazilian Academy of Literature (29th and 4th seat, respectively).

 

 

ARTUR AZEVEDO
AUDIOLIVRO: Contos diversos de Artur Azevedo	AUDIOLIVRO: “Amor por anexins”, de Artur de Azevedo
Artur de Azevedo – Como o Diabo as arma (audiobook).	Artur de Azevedo – A filosofia do Mendes (audiobook).

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1954
Death of journalist and poet Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954)

José Oswald de Andrade Souza was born on 11 January 1890 in São Paulo. At early age, Oswald became fascinated with the new technological advances, such as the radio, the cinema, the electrical tram. In 1912, he made his first of various travels to Europe. Oswald was one of the founders of Brazilian Modernism, In 1922, he participated in the Semana de Arte Moderna (Week of Modern Art) which marked the start of Modernism in Brazil. Oswald is widely known for his criticisms of Brazilian nationalism. His manifest ‘Manifesto Antrópofago‘ (1928) criticizes Brazilian cannibalism of other cultures, as a way for Brazil to assert itself against European post-colonial cultural domination. ‘Tupi or not Tupi, that is the question’ (referring to the cannibalist Tupi indian tribe), has become an iconic line.

 

OSWALD DE ANDRADE
Oswald de Andrade – Completo.	Oswald de Andrade
Semana de Arte Moderna	SALA DE LEITURA – Manifesto Antropófago – Oswald de Andrade

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1807
Secret agreement that allowed the move of the Portuguese Crown to Brazil.

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1912
Start of the Contestado War (1912-1916)

The Guerra do Contestado occurred in the southern states of Santa Catarina and Paraná, between settler and land owners. The latter were backed by governmental forces. Construction of a railroad from São Paulo to .Rio Grande de Sul generated disputes about the ownership of the margins along the railroad. When the construction was ended, railroad workers became jobless, whereas the land flanking the railroad was claimed by the railroad company. Social unrest and rebellion followed, in an area that was disputed by the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Government troops were sent to suppress the rebellion, but they met fierce resistance. As a result, there were bloody confrontations, with the rebels gaining some terrain. The Federal Government sent General Setembrino de Carvalho to pacify the region at any cost. Complete villages were destroyed, the rebellions were slaughtered. Only in August 1916, with the capture of the rebellion leader, Adeodato, the war was ended. As a result, an agreement was reached about the border between the two southern states.

 

 

CONTESTADO WAR
Guerra do Contestado I	Guerra do Contestado II
Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 1	Historia do Brasil – Guerra do Contestado ( Sobreviventes ) PART 2
Guerra do Contestado – Programa “Meu Paraná” – RPC	Guerra do contestado
A Guerra dos Pelados (Guerra do Contestado)	O Contestado – Restos Mortais

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (294): October 21

Brazilian Days 294

October 21

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Contato Publicitário

(Publicity Manager). The publicity manager mediates between the client and the publicity agency, takes care of the bids, and is responsible for the delivery of flyers and folders. The clients are found among entrepreneurs and companies, foundations, government, and candidates for regional and nationwide elections.

Common in Brazil: publicity car

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Dia da Iluminação

(Illumination) On 21 October 1879, Thomas Alva Edison managed to illuminate an electric lamp for no less than 48 hours, without interruption. To commemorate this memorable event, the state of São Paulo introduced a law (Lei Nº 6.342) in 1988, the Dia da Illuminação. The Brazilian Day of Electric Illumination is on 24 July, to commemorate the introduction of public electric light in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, in 1883.

“O génio consiste em um por cento de inspiração e noventa e nove por cento de transpiração.”
(Thomas Alva Edison)

THOMAS ALVA EDISON
Edison the Man Thomas Edison full movie	“A Day with Thomas A. Edison”-1922- A rare and great documentary silent film-Full movie
A Biografia de Thomas Edison Portugues	Thomas Edison Light Bulb Experiment

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Dia do Lixeiro

(Garbage collector). Every day, Brazilians produce 240 thousand tons of waste, equal to the maximum cargo freight of 1160 cargo planes type Boeing 747. In 1996, the average weight of waste per Brazilian was about 500 grams; in 2008, the weight was a bit more than 900 grams. The day was initially introduced in the state of São Paulo (Lei Nº 5.199) in 1986.

 

LIXEIRO
Um dia de gari | TVENDO E APRENDENDO	Sentindo na Pele um Dia de Lixeiro

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Dia da Maçã

(Apple Day). This day was introduced on 21 October 1990, by the American Common Ground Association, as an initiative to encourage apple consumption, and to recognize the medicinal properties of apples. The first Apple Day was held on  the old Apple Market in Covent Garden, London (UK).

 

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Dia Nacional da Alimentação na Escola

(Alimentation at school)

  

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Dia Nacional de Valorização da Família

(Family Value Day) This day was introduced on 16 May 2012 (Lei Nº 12.647).

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1889
Death of politician and entrepreneur Visconde de Mauá (1889)

Irineu Evangelista de Souza was born in the Brazilian colonial province of Rio Grande do Sul in 1813. He became one of the most influential entrepreneurs and industrialists in imperial Brazil. His greatest achievements were the construction of the first Brazilian shipyard, the first Brazilian railway, the first explorations of the Amazon River, the first installations of gas and electricity in the city of Rio de Janeiro, and the realization of the submarine telegraph cable between Brazil and Europe. Irineu was fiercely opposed against slavery, since he was convinced that free people and free trade were necessary for the development of Brazil. Irineu was deputy for the state of Rio Grande do Sul during various mandates. He was honored the title of Baron in 1854, and the title of Viscount in 1874. The Viscount is considered as the Patron of Brazilian transport. He died in Petrópolis, at the age of 75, in 1889, only a few weeks before the collapse of the Brazilian empire.

   

 

VISCONDE DE MAUÁ
Filme Nacional – Barão de Mauá o Imperador	Primeira ferrovia do Brasil, fundada pelo Barão de Mauá
Histórias de Petrópolis – Barão de Mauá	MAUÀ A TODO VAPOR 28 ESTAÇÕES

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1947
At the start of the Cold War, Brazil broke diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

Brazil chose the side of the United States.

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1971
Discovery of 1500-2000 year-old skeletons.

The human skeletons, together with indian utensils, were discovered in Itajaí, Santa Catarina. Around 5000 A.C, the region of Santa Catarina was populated by tribes of collectors and hunters, who created so-called sambaquis (shell middens). These sambaquis were composed of consumed molluscs, bones of hunted animals, indian handicraft such as teeth collars and arrow heads. It was also common to bury the dead within the sambaquis.

INDIAN TRIBES IN SANTA CATARINA
Cientistas tentam decifrar o significado dos Sambaquis do litoral de Santa Catarina.	Arqueólogos do Museu Nacional encontram esqueletos humanos em Laguna

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1998
Conmebol Cup for Santos.

It was the first international title for Santos since 29 years. The Conmebol Cup was organized between 1992 and 1999, and is now succeeded by the Copa Sudamericana. The Cup was won 5 times by a Brazilian, and 3 times by an Argentinian team. Santos beat Rosario Central (ARG) 1-0 on average (1-0, 0-0).

CONMEBOL CUP 1998
SANTOS – Campeão da Conmebol 98 – Globo Esporte	SANTOS Campeão da Copa Conmebol 1998

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (293): October 20

Brazilian Days 293

October 20

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DAY OF:

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Dia Internacional do Arquivista

(Archivist). On many locations in Brazil,  various activities are organized: from collective lunches to congresses. On 20 October 1823, the Public Archive was created in Brazil. The creation was proposed by congressman Pedro de Araújo Lima, Marquis de Olinda. On 2 January 1838,  the Public Archive (Arquivo Público) became regulated by law. On 20 October 1971, the Associação dos Arquivistas Brasileiros (AAB; Brazilian Archivists Association) was founded. According to lei 6.546/78, an archivist must have completed superior education in Archival Science. The International Archives Day is on 9 June, organized by the International Council on Archives.

“O trabalho de um Arquivista nunca termina. É um trabalho para a posteridade no duplo sentido de ser feito para e pela posteridade.”

 

ARCHIVIST
Dia do Arquivista – Por: TV Paracatu	O que as pessoas pensam sobre arquivologia e sobre o trabalho do Arquivista
A Day in the Life of an Archivist	A Day in the Life of a Processing Archivist

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Dia do Poeta

(Poet). There is some confusion about the exact date of Dia do Poeta: 4 or 20 October? Since the date is not officially regulated, it is proposed to have the International Poet’s Day on 4 October, and the Brazilian Poet’s Day on 20 October.

Some obvious citations:

Não sou alegre nem sou triste: sou poeta
I am not happy, I am not sad: I am a poet.
(Cecília Meireles)

Ao contato do amor, todos se tornam poetas.
Touched by love, everyone becomes a poet.
(Platão)

É tão fácil ser poeta, e tão difícil ser um homem
It is so easy to be a poet and so hard to be a man.
(Charles Bukowski)

Minha poesia é cheia de imperfeições. Se eu fosse crítico, apontaria muitos defeitos. Não vou apontar. Deixo para os outros. Minha obra é pública.
My poems are full of mistakes. If I were a critic, I would detect these mistakes. I won’t detect anything. I will leave that to others. My works are public.
(Carlos Drummond)

 

POETAS
10 Grandes Poetas Brasileiros	Circuito da Poesia do Recife
O Poeta de Sete Faces (1/9)	O Poeta de Sete Faces (2/9)
O Poeta de Sete Faces (3/9)	O Poeta de Sete Faces (4/9)
O Poeta de Sete Faces (5/9)	O Poeta de Sete Faces (6/9)
O Poeta de Sete Faces (7/9)	O Poeta de Sete Faces (8/9)
O Poeta de Sete Faces (9/9)

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Dia Internacional do Controlador de Tráfego Aéreo

(International Day of the Air Traffic Controller). Air traffic control in Brazil is run by the Brazilian Air Force; therefore, the air traffic controllers have completed military education. The air traffic controllers are united within the Associação Brasileira dos Controladores de Tráfego Aéro (ABCTA). The large-scale expansion of Brazilian air traffic will need a large number of highly educated (includes fluency in English!) air traffic controllers in the near future.

“APORTUGUESOU A FRASEOLOGIA INGLESA”

 

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
Atcos day 2010	Trafego aéreo mundial
Tráfego Aéreo Brasileiro, 1/2, Brazilian Air Traffic	Tráfego Aéreo Brasileiro, 2/2, Brazilian Air Traffic
Fly Series 1 – Air traffic control in Europe	Tutorial Fraseologia

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1991
Third Formula One world title for Ayrton Senna da Silva (1960-1994)

Ayton finished in the race on the Japanese Suzuka circuit, behind Gerhard Berger. Number two on the ranking list, Nigel Mansell, was no longer able to surpass him in the remaining race in Australia. Ayrton also became world champion in 1988 and in 1990. In his career of 162 races competed, he gained 65 pole positions, 80 podiums, and won 41 races. On 1 May 1994, Ayrton suffered a fatal crash on the San Marino circuit.

 

AYRTON SENNA 1991
SENNA Tricampeão Mundial	Ayrton Senna Tri Campeonato

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1748
Death of the last Brazilian condemned of the Portuguese Inquisition

Since the end of the 15th century,  inquisition waves occurred for centuries on the Iberian Peninsula. In Spain as well as in Portugal, more than  30 thousand convicts were purified at the stake. The Spanish Inquisition started with the publication of the Alhambra Decree in 1492. As a result Jews had to convert themselves to Christianity or leave Spain. This decree was in effect until 1834. The Portuguese Inquisition stated later, in 1536 (other sources claim 1497 as starting year) and lasted until 1821. Special inquisitors were sent to Brazil, since many migrants secretly maintained the Jewish rituals.

   

INQUISITION IN BRAZIL
A Inquisição Protestante,Anabatistas,Crianças queimadas,Brasil,PARTE 1	A Inquisição Protestante,Anabatistas,Crianças queimadas,Brasil,PARTE 2
1st. Museum of the History of the Inquisition in Brazil	Matéria Rede Globo – Museu da História da Inquisição

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Imaging Brazil 320: Pink Flowers in Parque Municipal in Belo Horizonte, MG (2011)

A personal selection of photographs with their stories.

320: Pink flowers

During the weekends, I was regularly found in the center of Belo Horizonte. Sometimes I visited the versatile Mercado Central on Saturday, or the cozy open air market Feira Hippie on Sunday morning, followed by a visit to Parque Municipal, the city park. A butterfly park was recently opened there, and various types of butterflies actually came across the colorful and fragrant flowers. Even in the absence of butterflies, it was very pleasant to wander around in the colored beds of various flowers. With my camera in hand. As a result, this beautiful flower with an intense pink color was pictured.

© Adriano Antoine Robbesom 2011, 2017

Brazilian Days (292): October 19

Brazilian Days 292

October 19

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Piauí

(State of Piauí). The state of Piauí is located in the northeastern region of Brazil. The state is slightly larger than the United Kingdom and hosts little more than 3 million inhabitants, of which almost 9000 thousand live in the capital, Teresina. Piauí is one of the poorest states of Brazil. The state exports essential oil, soybeans, cotton (products), and cashew. The state hosts a large number of archeological sites and boast to have the largest concentration of rock paintings in the world. The Serra da Capivara National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. See also below.

 

PIAUÍ (PI)
Dia do Piauí	PICOS ESPECIAL PARA O DIA DO PIAUI
Dia do Piauí	Turismo no Piauí
Teresina	Sitios arqueológicos do Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara

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Dia do Guarda Noturno

(Night watch). These uniformed men guard buildings and terrains. They usually occupy a gatehouse, near the main entrance. Normally they do not posses firearms, but they may carry a baton.

 

GUARDA NOTURNO
CÂMERAS DE VIGILÂNCIA NOTURNA DE LONGO ALCANCE	Vigia Noturno

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1901
Successful balloon flight over the Eiffel Tower by Alberto Santos Dumont

Alberto flew with his balloon Santos Dumont 6 a 11 km tour above the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Since Alberto managed to complete this attempt within 30 seconds of the limit, he won the prestigious Deutsch Prize, worth 100 thousand francs. He awarded his team, and the rest of the money was distributed among almost 4000 poor people in Paris.

“Iniciei a construção de um novo balão e novo motor, o numero 6, um pouco mais forte e maior. Três semanas, contadas dia por dia, após o último desastre, meu aparelho, o n.º 6, estava pronto. Em 19 de Outubro (1901), à tarde, pois a manhã foi chuvosa, subi de novo, contornei a Torre, a uma altura de 250 metros, sobre uma enorme multidão que aí estacionava à minha espera, e passei por Autenil, sobre o hipódromo do mesmo nome, que ficava em meu caminho. Havia corridas; a minha passagem, tanto na ida como na volta, despertou um delírio de aplausos; ouvi a gritaria e vi lenços e chapéus arrojados no ar; eu distava da terra apenas de 50 a 100 metros… Da minha saída ao momento em que passei do zênite do ponto de partida, decorreram 29 minutos e 30 segundos. Com a velocidade que levava, passei a linha da chegada – como fazem os yachts, os barcos a petróleo, os cavalos de corridas, etc. – , diminuí a força do motor e virei de bordo; então, voltando, e com menos velocidade, manobrei para tocar a terra, o que fiz em 31 minutos após minha partida. Pois bem, alguns senhores quiseram que fosse esse o tempo oficial! Grandes polêmicas. Tive comigo toda a imprensa e o povo de Paris e também Son Altesse Imperiale le Prince Roland Bonaparte, presidente da Comissão Científica que ia julgar o assunto. O voto me foi favorável. Não se tinham passado dois anos e eram ganhos os cem mil francos do prêmio Deutsch, que, acrescidos aos juros e mais prêmios pequenos, perfazia o total de 129.000 francos, que foram assim destinados: 50.000 francos aos meus mecânicos e operários das usinas que me tinham auxiliado; e o restante a mais de 3.950 pobres de Paris, distribuídos, a pedido meu, pelo Sr. Lepine, Chefe de Polícia, em donativos de menos de 20 francos. Por essa ocasião, o saudoso Sr. Campos Sales, então Presidente da República, enviou-me uma medalha de ouro e, logo, em seguida, fui agradavelmente surpreendido com o recebimento com o prêmio de 100:000$000, que me foi oferecido pelo Congresso Nacional; além destas, duas outras medalhas recebi: uma do Instituto de França, outra do Aero Club de França.”

SANTOS DUMONT
Santos Dumont – O Homem Pode Voar – Documentário	GNT – Wings of Madness – Santos Dumont – Subtitles in Portuguese
Curta-Metragem HOMEM VOA?	Réplica do Balão Brasil de Santos Dumont na Univali

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1822
Proclamation of the independence of the state of Piauí (PI).

In Parnaíba, the independence of the state of Piauí, with Dom Pedro I as constitutional emperor, was proclaimed by Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva, Domingos Dias, amongst others. This day is now known as Dia do Piauí. Following the proclamation, the state continued to be under Portuguese command until 24 January 1823, when Brigadeiro Manoel de Sousa Martins, viscount of Parnaíba, declared the state independent. On 13 March 1823, Portuguese troops confronted an improvised Brazilian army at Jenipapo. The bloody battle resulted in a victory for the Portuguese, but it was the start of the creation of Brazilian unity.

 

PIAUÍ
Descobertas – Especial sobre a história do Piauí	Hino do Piauí – Imagens

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (291): October 18

Brazilian Days 291

October 18

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Médico

(Phyisician). Today is the feast day of St. Luke, patron saint of physicians. St. Luke, known as the author of the third Gospel, was a physician. The father of modern medicine is the famous Greek physician Hippocrates. Brazil has generated a number of  world famous phyisicians:

Carlos Chagas. In 1909, he discovered an infectious disease, that is named after him.
Vital Brazil. He made research with yellow fever and cholera
Oswaldo Cruz. He worked together with Louis Pasteur, and made research with yellow fever and plague
Gaspar Viana. He made research with leishmaniosis.

     
Chagas/ Brazil / Cruz / Vianna

Fragment Oath to Hippocrates:

Ὄμνυμι Ἀπόλλωνα ἰητρὸν καὶ Ἀσκληπιὸν καὶ Ὑγίειαν καὶ Πανάκειαν καὶ θεοὺς πάντας τε καὶ πάσας, ἵστορας ποιεύμενος, ἐπιτελέα ποιήσειν κατὰ δύναμιν καὶ κρίσιν ἐμὴν ὅρκον τόνδε καὶ συγγραφὴν τήνδε· ἡγήσασθαι μὲν τὸν διδάξαντά με τὴν τέχνην ταύτην ἴσα γενέτῃσιν ἐμοῖσι καὶ βίου κοινώσασθαι καὶ χρεῶν χρηίζοντι μετάδοσιν ποιήσασθαι,

“I swear by Apollo the physician, by Aesculapius, Hygeia, and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and judgment the following oath:”

“Eu juro, por Apolo, médico, por Esculápio, Higia e Panacéia, e tomo por testemunhas todos os deuses e todas as deusas, cumprir, segundo meu poder e minha razão, a promessa que se segue:”

Poema pelo Dia do Médico Feliz dia do médico
Quando nascemos, recebemos diferentes missões. A sua missão é de salvar vidas!Pelo talento de suas mãos, transforma todo homem em bonança.Sua alma não se contém diante do desespero de uma criança ou de um idoso.Por isso, você vai operando milagres, trazendo esperança a corações desesperançados.Falar de seu ofício de médico não é fácil. Existem muitas dificuldades e seu trabalho é incansável.	Sabemos que você o faz poramor ao ser humano, altruísta sempre.Não há tempos, nem momentos para fazer o bem, por isso, devemos a você nossa saúde.Você não escolhe dia para exercer a sua profissão. Para você, todo dia é dia de salvar vidas.Por isso, seremos sempre gratos e rendemos nossas homenagens.Nosso sincero agradecimento de quem sabe que, sem você, nossa vida não seria tão feliz.

MÉDICO
dia do médico – Juramento de Hipócrates	18 de Outubro. Dia do Médico
O Médico	Conselho Federal de Medicina
Novo Código de Ética Médica – parte 1	Novo Código de Ética Médica – parte 2
A saúde no Brasil colônia	A história da saúde no Brasil

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Dia do Estivador

(Stevedore). There is enough work for the stevedores, responsible for the loading and unloading of the ships, in Brazilian harbors. According the to Brazilian Ministry of Work, there are 38 thousand stevedores in Brazil. The profession of stevedore is regulated by Law 8630/93 (1993).

Monument of the stevedore, Santos (SP)

STEVEDORE
Assunto do Dia – Dia dos Estivadores – RBC TV	Fora de Série – Estivadores
Stevedore	Stevedores, Except Equipment Operators

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Dia Internacional da Menopausa

(Menopause). The number of women in menopause is increasing. Not only in the developed world, but also in Brazil. This World Menopause Day is organized by the International Menopause Society, in collaboration with WHO. Today, there is attention for women who have to deal with (the consequences of) menopause.

 

MENOPAUSE
world menopause day	Menopausa ainda é tabu para as mulheres – HOJE EM DIA – 13/09/2011
Understanding Menopause (Menopause #1)	Symptoms of Menopause (Menopause #2)
Identifying Menopause (Menopause #3)	The Hormone Therapy Debate (Treating Menopause #1)
Hormone Therapy (Treating Menopause #2)	Hormone Therapy Alternatives (Treating Menopause #3)

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Dia do Pintor de Paredes e Automóveis

(Painter and Car Sprayer). The day is the artistic painter is on 5 May.

 

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1517
Birth of father Manuel da Nóbrega (1517-1570).

In 1549, Manuel, born in Portugal, arrived in Brazil, as Superior of the Jesuits. He was co-founder of the cities of Salvador (1549), São Paulo (1554), and Rio de Janeiro (1565-1567). In that time,Manuel had traveled all capitanias from São Vicente in the south to Pernambuco in the north. Therefore, he was appointed as counselor for the governors Tomé de Souza and Mem de Sà.

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1570
Death of father Manuel da Nóbrega (1517-1570).

See above.

MANOEL DA NÓBREGA
Padre Manuel da Nóbrega – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara	Emmanuel, encarnação do padre Manuel da Nóbrega

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1992
Large-scale robberies on Ipanema Beach, Rio de Janeiro .

Big headlines appeared in Brazilian newspapers the next day.  There is some confusion about what exactly and where exactly it had happened. First, the location was not Ipanema Beach, but adjacent Arpoador Beach. There was a big fight between rivaling gangs from neighboring favelas (slums) who had spend their night in a nightclub: Baile Funk. Because of the large group of fighting gang members and the chaotic situation, smaller gangs took their advantage of the commotion and robbed everyone on Arpoador Beach. Twenty years later, people are still afraid for a new raid, despite the presence of a permanent police station on the that beach.

Beaches in Rio (from left to right: Leblon,
Ipanema, Arpoador, Diabo, Copacabana, Leme)

IPANEMA 1992

Arrastão na Praia de Ipanema, 1992.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Imaging Brazil 319: Streetview from Casa da Glória in Diamantina, MG (2011)

A personal selection of photographs with their stories.

319: View from Casa da Glória

Diamantina is a historic mining town at about three hundred kilometers from Belo Horizonte. Although the lion’s share of the Federal University of the state of Minas Gerais is in the capitals Pampulha Campus, some small institutes are located in other cities. Among them is the Institute of Geological Sciences (Instituto Casa da Glória). The site was built at the end of the eighteenth century, and was inhabited by Dona Josefa Maria da Glória. Eventually, it was inhabited by bishops, and by the religious order of Saint Vincent de Paul. When this order took possession of a house across the street, a wooden crossed walkway (‘passadiço’) was built between the two houses. The photo was taken from this walkway. The building also has housed a notorious orphanage and a girls’ school.

© Adriano Antoine Robbesom 2011, 2017