(Migrant). The day of the Migrant was introduced by pope Paul VI in 1969. Churches celebrate the Migrant Day is celebrated on the Sunday following June 19. The week prior to this Sunday is the Week of the Migrant. The international Migrant Day is held on December 18.
Migrants did not only arrive from many countries outside Brazil; within Brazil, there have been large migrant movements, mainly from the poor northeast to the richer southeast. The discovery of the mines in Minas Gerais, the construction of the new capital Brasília, and the economic stronghold São Paulo are only a few examples. In the final decade of the 20th century, about 3.4 million Brazilians have migrated to other Brazilian states, in their search for a better future.
Immigration numbers in the five Brazilian regions.
Emigration numbers in five Brazilian regions
Dia Nacional do Cinema (Cinema). See below.
Dia do Vigilante
(Security personnel). In a country like Brazil, with significant social and economical inequality, security personnel is really needed. They work at the entrances of public buildings, shopping malls, and in parks. At certain buildings, such as banks, they are armed.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1761
Ban on sugar cane production in Maranhão, per Portuguese Royal Decree (Carta Régia)
1897
Inauguration of the first cinema in Rio de Janeiro, in Rua do Ouvidor.
Title of the first movie was ‘Animatographo Lumiere’, the cinema was called Salão de Novidades Paris. Moreover, this film demonstraton was not the first in Brazil: On July 8, 1896, the film ”Omniographo” was shown, in another building, but in the same street.
Link to a extremely long poem about cinema by Gustavo Dourado (2006)
1991
Treaty of Rosaleda
The United States and the member states of the Mercosul (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay) signed a treaty that must harmonize commercial strategies.
1934
A zeppelin hovered over the city of São Leopoldo (RS), on its way to Buenos Aires (Argentina)
1891
Start of the colonization of Nova Veneza (SC).
About four hundred Italian families arrived in the state of Santa Catarina, at the site where Nova Veneza was founded by American-born Italian businessman Miguel Napoli. Of the more than 13 thousand inhabitants (2011), about 95 percent have Italian roots.
Arrival of the first European migrants / Nova Veneza (SC)
(Japanese migrant). On June 18, 1908, the Japanese vessel Koto Maru arrived in Santos, with 781 migrants aboard. They literally came from the other end of the planet, to work in Brazil. One century later, the Japanese migrant community (migrants and the younger generations) counts more than 1.5 million people. It is considered as the largest Nikkei community, outside Japan. Most Japanese migrants went to the states of São Paulo and Paraná. The Japanese introduced their culture into Brazil: there are annual Japan festivals, and Japanese food is very popular in Brazil. The Brazilian national flip flop, the havaiana, is inspired upon the traditional Japanese slippers. Many Japanese descendants have returned to the roots of their (grand)parents: Japan. As a result, more than 300 thousand so-called dekasseguis (Brazilian Japanese) now live in Japan, and is considered the second-largest Brazilian community, outside Brazil.
BRAZIL, LAND OF THE RISING SUN
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6
Dia do Químico
(Chemist). On June 18, 1956, The Conselho Federal, and the Conselhos Regionais de Química (Federal and Regional councils for Chemistry) were founded. Until the end of the 18th century, Portugal did not have any tradition with chemistry in general. Also in Brazil, it lasted until 1811, when Chemistry was lectured for the first time, at the former Royal Military Academy. Shorty after WW I, more Chemistry was lectured at various institutions spread over the country. But only for a short period. Only from 1930, Chemistry was lectured at university level.
Dia Internacional do Piquenique
(Picnic). Already in the Medieval Era, hunting events went along with picnics. The Victorian etiquette (19th century) dictated picnics should be held at locations with interesting landscapes and in estate gardens that are rich in colorful flowers. The English were convinced that an open air picnic should be as good as it would have been organized at home. Therefore, they carried everything from their home, including expensive cutlery and table linen. In the Romantic Era, such picnics were immortalized in the books by Charles Dickens, and in the paintings by Monet and Cézanne. There exist different types of picnic events all over the world. For many Europeans, a picnic is a light open air meal, For Americans, picnic is a party for the children, with simple dishes. And also Japan and China have their own picnic traditions. Brazil does not have a rich picnic tradition, because of the dangers in the forests and along the riversides. However, in recent years, picnicking appears to have gained popularity in Brazil.
Nélson Cavaquinho is the artistic name of Nelson Antônio da Silva, from Rio de Janeiro. His father and uncle were musicians, and Nélson soon became acquainted with local musicians. They teached him to play a cavaquinho (string instrument), and soon he showed his talent and therefore gained his nickname. He started to play for a larger audience in the sixties, and produced his first LP in 1970. Nélson has composed more than 600 songs, mainly about the guitar, women, bars, and death. He died of pulmonary emphysema at the age of 74.
NELSON CAVAQUINHO
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
1875
Death of poet Fagundes Varela (1875)
1962
Reorganization of Partido Comunista do Brasil (Brazilian Communist Party)
1931
Birth of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, president of Brazil (1995-2003).
Fernando was born in Rio de Janeiro, but has lived in São Paulo for most of his life. He is educated as a sociologist and has lectured in Brazil, Chile, France, United Kingdom, and the United States. Fluent in four languages and having written several scientific books, Fernando has gained worldwide reputation. In 1983, he started his political career as a senator for the State of São Paulo. In 1992, he became Minister of External Relations under President Itamar Franco. In 1993, he moved to the Ministry of Finance, where he stayed until 1994. In that year, Fernando won the presidential elections, and was re-elected in 1998. In both elections, he beat Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva, who succeeded him in 2003.
FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO
Programa do Jô com Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) · Parte 1 (sobre: governo FHC; visita oficial à Inglaterra; Crise da Economia Mundial)
Programa do Jô com Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) · Parte 2 (sobre a Crise da Economia Mundial)
Programa do Jô com Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) · Parte 3 (sobre a Crise da Economia Mundial)
Programa do Jô com Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) · Parte 4 (sobre a Crise da Economia Mundial; George Bush e Barack Obama; governo de FHC)
Programa do Jô com Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) · Parte Final (sobre: amenidades)
Fernando Henrique Cardoso – Íntegra
Cientistas do Brasil Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Presente no Futuro 2012 – Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Dr Drauzio entrevista Fernando Henrique Cardoso Dr Drauzio Varella
Fernando Henrique Cardoso no Roda Viva
1908
Arrival of the first Japanese migrants at the Port of Santos. See above
1911
Foundation of Missão de Fé Apostólica (future Assembléia de Deus) by Swedish missionaries
1913
Division of Brazil in four time zones, by president Hermes da Fonseca
1956
Creation of Conselho Federal de Química (Federal Council of Chemistry). See above
1965
Foundation of Associação Brasileira da Indústria Gráfica (Brazilian Association of Graphical Industry)
2007
Shopping Center Holanda (São Paulo) destroyed by fire.
Dia do Funcionário Público Aposentado (Retired public servant)
Dia Mundial de Combate à Desertificação e à Seca (World Day to Combat Desertification)
“No such thing as a free lunch. Invest in healthy soils”.
The 2015 theme calls for more attention of the proper and efficient use of arable land. Already in 1977, meetings about desertification were held at the UN. Only on 17 June 1994, the Convention to Combat Desertification was accepted by the UN General Assembly. Late December 1996, the convention came into effect, after ratification of the convention by fifty countries.
Already more than five thousand years ago, people had become aware of the importance of arable land, according to this saying:
“Upon this handful of soil our survival depends. Husband it and it will grow our food, our fuel, and our shelter and surround us with beauty. Abuse it and the soil will collapse and die, taking humanity with it”*.
Dia do Serviço de Veterinária Militar (Military Veterinarian Service). On 17 June 1874, lieutenant-colonel João Moniz Barreto de Aragão was born. Moniz studied Medicine and joined the army. He also was specialized in Biology and Epidemiology. As an army’s physician, he started to combat glanders: a contagious equine disease that also may be deadly for humans. In 1908, Moniz founded the Military Veterinary Service. He died in 1922. In 1940, Moniz was declared patron of the Military Veterinary Service.
Dia da Imprensa do Estado de São Paulo (Press of the State of São Paulo)
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1929 First performance of samba musician Noel Rosa (1910-1937) in Rio de Janeiro.
1831 Installation of Regência Trina Definitiva.
This regency, consisting of three representatives of the three political parties, ruled Brazil after the abdication of emperor Pedro I in 1831. His then five-year-old son and successor Pedro II was too young to rule. In 1840 Pedro II was crowned emperor of Brazil.
1962 World Cup 1962: Brazil beat Czechoslovakia 3 to 1 and became two-time world champion.
1697 Death of Portuguese Jesuit priest Antônio Vieira
However, some sources mention 18 July 1697 as his date of death.
1889 Fight between Delmiro Gouveia and vice-president Rosa e Silva in downtown Rio de Janeiro.
1912 Birth of Dom Artur Horsthuis, first bishop of the Diocese of Jales (SP)
1922 Arrival of the water plane of Portuguese aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in Rio de Janeiro.
They had realized the first crossing of the Southern Atlantic Ocean by an airplane. They had departed from Lisbon on 30 March.
1969 Imprisonment of student leader Gildásio Westin Cosenza
1998 Marcos César Pontes selected, by Agência Espacial Brasileira, to become Brazil’s first astronaut.
2006 Death of comedian Cláudio Besserman Vianna, better known as ‘Bussunda’.
Dia da Unidade Nacional (National Unity). Attention is paid to the unity awareness of Brazilians. Unity of legislative, executive, controlling, and military powers against the powers of the civilians.
Dia dos Trabalhadores das Indústrias de Cimento, Materiais de Eletrônico, Hidraulico e Construção Civil (Employees of cement, electronic, hydraulic, and construction materials industries).
Dia de Combate a Discriminação (Combat against discrimination, MG)
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1950
Opening of Estádio Jornalista Mário Filho, better known as Maracanã Stadium, in Rio de Janeiro.
Maracanã is one of world’s biggest soccer stadiums. The FIFA World Cup finals of 1950 and 2014 were played there. The 1950 final, in which Brazil was beaten by Uruguay, was viewed by more almost two hundred thousand spectators. The name maracanã refers to a parrot that was common in the region before the start of the construction of the stadium: maracanã-guaçu. Journalist Mario Filho had contributed intensively in the realization of the stadium. He died before the inauguration. Two teams from Rio de Janeiro play their home matches in Maracanã: Flamengo and Fluminense.
1963 Death of composer Lamartine Babo
1906 First edition of newspaper ‘A Gazeta’, in São Paulo.
1556 Shipwreck of vessel ‘Nossa Senhora de Ajuda’.
The vessel, bound for Lisbon, carried Brazil’s first bishop: D. Pero Fernandes Sardinha. It was rumored that the bishop was captured and eaten by the Caeté indigenous.
1889
Failed attack against Brazilian emperor Dom Pedro II.
1863 Start of the construction of Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Carmo, in Carmo (RJ).
1965 Departure of former governor of the state of Pernambuco Miguel Arraes to Algeria.
He exiled himself from Brazil.
1986 FIFA World Cup 1986: Brazil 4 x 0 Poland
2003 Earthquake of 2.4 degrees magnitude in Caruaru (PE)
Dia do Paleontólogo (Paleontologist). Brazil is extremely rich in fossils. Various museums in Brazil host interesting paleontological collections. One of these museums is located in Belo Horizonte: Museu de Ciências Naturais da PUC Minas. One permanent exhibition honors the Danish paleontologist Peter W. Lund. Lund may be considered as the pioneer in paleontology in Minas Gerais, he discovered numerous fossils in various caverns in the state. More about Brazilian dinosaurs, see this web site.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1977
Approval of the divorce law by the Brazilian National Congress.
1962
Creation of the state of Acre.
Acre is located in Northern Brazil, and shares borders with the state of Amazonas, and with the neighboring countries Peru and Bolivia. More than a century ago, Acre was part of Bolivia. Early 1900’s, the independence of the Republic of Acre was proclaimed three times. Acre, hosting a large number of migrants from Northeast Brazil, was then invaded by Brazilian troops. In 1903, the peace treaty resulted in an exchange of part of Mato Grosso for Acre with Bolivia, and a large sum of money had to be paid to the neighboring country. In 1904, Acre became Federal Territory, and a Federal State in 1962. Undoubtedly, environmental activist Chico Mendes is the best known person from Acre.
1792 Deportation of two members of the Inconfidência Mineira (mineiro conspiracy) to Angola.
1822 Cavalry troops blocked the Câmara meeting in Salvador (BA).
1955 Foundation of Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) de Campinas (SP)
2002 José Serra put forward as the PSDB presidential candidate.
2006
Beatification of Dutch priest Eustáquio Lieshout
Dia das Musas ( Mitologia grega) (Muses (Greek mythology)
Dia Mundial do Doador de Sangue (World Blood Donor Day). In 1995, the International Federation of Blood Donor Organizations organized the first International Blood Donor Day. The success of World Health Day 2000, which was devoted to the theme ‘Blood Saves Lives. Safe Blood Starts With Me’, led to the introduction of World Blood Donor Dayon 14 June 2004 in Johannesburg (RSA). Worldwide, more than 100 million blood donations are collected every year.
Dia do Solista (Soloist).
Dia do Pastor Jubilado (Retired clergyman).
Dia da Manicure (Manicure)
Dia da Liberdade de Pensamento (Freedom of thinking).
“Se falta liberdade de pensamento, todas as outras liberdades humanas estão sacrificadas, desde os fundamentos.”
(When there is no more freedom of thinking, all other human freedoms have been totally sacrificed).
A quote by Francisco Cavalcanti Pontes de Miranda (1892-1979), lawyer, philosopher, diplomat, and writer. The principal human freedoms are established in the Universal Declaration of Rights, in Article 18:
“Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.”
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1965 Creation of the Diocese of Itabira (MG) , by Pope Paul VI.
1914 Foundation of soccer club Democrata Futebol Clube in Sete Lagoas (MG)
1960 Train robbery in Rio de Janeiro.
Robbers assaulted the slow train SAP-21 from Central do Brasil between the stations Japeri and Gov. Portela
2000 Death of former slave Maria do Carmo Jerônimo, at the presumed age of 129.
1909 Death of President Afonso Pena (1847-1909)
Afonso Pena, born in Santa Barbára (MG), was a lawyer. He was minister at three different departments during the imperial government. In 1892, he founded the Law faculty in Minas Gerais, and was installed as governor of the state in the same year. He then became president of what is now Banco do Brasil and vice-president of the Brazilian Republic. In 1906, Afonso was elected president.
1909 Installation of Nilo Peçanha as president of Brazil
1962
Introduction of the Havaianas flip flops.
Havaianas are very common in Brazil. The flip flops are not only used on the beach or in the shower, but also in the streets, and at home. Everyone – young, old, rich, poor – uses these pieces of rubber. Despite the name might associate with Hawaii, Havaianas are inspired upon Japanese sandals. Initially, only women wore these flip flops, but since the cultural revolution in the Eighties also men wear them. The flip flops are available in a broad variety of colors and designs.
1937 Creation of Parque Nacional (National Park) de Itatiaia.
Itatiaia is the oldest national park in Brazil, and is located in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. The 30 thousand hectare park, mostly covered by Atlantic Forest, hosts the fourth tallest peak in Brazil: Agulhas Negras (2787 m).
Dia dos Jornais de Bairro (Neighborhood journals, SP)
Dia das casamenteiras (Matchmakers)
Dia do Turismo (Tourism). The World Tourism Day is on 27 September, today is the Brazilian Tourism Day. Tourism is of major importance in Brazil. About five million foreign tourists arrive annually to visit principal locations as Rio de Janeiro, Pantanal, Foz do Iguaçu, and the beaches in Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Pernambuco, and Bahia, as well as carnival in Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, Recife, and São Paulo.
Dia de Santo Antônio (St. Anthony). In June, there are feast days of four important saints: St. Anthony on 13 June, São João (St. John) on 24 June, and São Pedro e São Paulo (Sts. Peter and Paul) on 29 June. Santo Antônio is the patron saint of marriages. Today, there is the official start of the Festas Juninas (June Festivals). These traditional folkloric festivals are celebrated throughout Brazil, and are accompanied with traditional music, dance, and food.
Dia do Ecologista Brasileiro (Brazilian Ecologist). On 13 June 1763, José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva was born. He is known as the patriarch of the Brazilian independence. Bonifácio became the prime minister of the Empire of Brazil. He wasn’t befriended with the emperor, and was banned for a short period. He returned, reconciled with the emperor, and became councilor of the young successor. Again, he was arrested. He died in 1838. Besides his statesmanship, Bonifácio was also a scientist. He had studied Philosophy and Law, made research in Mineralogy and Metallurgy. His merits concerning Ecology were publications about environmental protection.
Dia do Detetive Profissional
(Professional detective). On 13 June1987, Conselho Federal dos Detetives Profissionais (CFDP; Federal Board of Professional Detectives) was founded. In 1946 the first professional detectives, from Greece, arrived in Brazil. At present, there are more than 900 thousand detectives in Brazil.
BRAZILIAN HISTORY:
1998 Death of architect Lúcio Costa
2001 Death of guitar player Marcelo Frommer, member of the band ‘Titãs’.
1964 Creation of Serviço Nacional de Informações (National Information Service)
1880 Inauguration of Escola de Belas Artes da Bahia in Salvador
1645 Insurreição Pernambucana (Insurrection in Pernambuco)
1763 Birth of statesman and scientist José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva
1808 Creation of Jardim de Aclimação (future Jardim Botânico) by D. João VI, in Rio de Janeiro.
1845 Arrival of the French vessel ‘Virginie’ , carrying German colonists, in Rio de Janeiro.
1927 Invasion of the city of Mossoró by Virgulino Ferreira da Silva’s (Lampião’s) gang.
2002 FIFA World Cup 2002: Brazil 5 x 2 Costa Rica
2004 Olympic Torch Relay in the city of Rio de Janeiro
1621 Foundation of the state of Maranhão Maranhão was created from the merger of several capitanias. Since the discovery of the Maranhão Region, Spaniards took control. Eventually, the region became party under control of the Portuguese, but were expelled by the French in 1612. They founded São Luis, actual state capital, named after French king Luis III. The battle between the French and the Portuguese, in 1615, resulted in a victory for the Portuguese. Six years later, the province of Maranhão e Grão-Pará was created. In 1641, the Dutch occupied Maranhão, but were expelled three years later. In 1774, the province was split into the provinces of Maranhão and Pará.
1682
Installation of the first bishop in Rio de Janeiro: D. José de Barros Alarcão.
