Brazilian Days (200): July 19

 

Brazilian Days 200

July 19

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Caridade

(Charity). Many religions encourage the worshipers to donate to poor people. The christian doctrine encourages to donate openly, but that it is preferable to donate discretely. The Islam has the zakat (‘purification’), the third of the five pillars of the Islam. The worshipers are obliged to donate a fix share of their income and capital to the poor people, or to causes that are beneficial for the Islam, such as the contributions for the construction and maintenance of mosques. The day was established by Lei (law) 5,063 in 1966.

^source

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Dia dos Povos Oprimidos

(Oppressed People)

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Dia Nacional do Futebol

(Soccer). On 19 July 1900, the first Brazilian soccer club was founded: Sport Club Rio Grande. In 1894, soccer was introduced from England by Charles Miller (from São Paulo),when he returned from England with two soccer balls and his acquired knowledge of the game rules. The first international match of the Brazilian national team was played in 1914, against the English club Exter City. Due to the fabulous talents of Pelé and Garrincha for example, Brazil has gained international recognition as a principal soccer nation. Brazil has won the World Cup five times: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, and 2002.

HYMNS OF THE PRINCIPAL BRAZILIAN SOCCER TEAMS
Teams from the state of São Paulo	Teams from the state of Rio de Janeiro
Teams from the state of Rio Grande do Sul	Teams from the state of Minas Gerais
Teams from the state of Pernambuco	Teams from the state of Bahia

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1900
Foundation of the oldest (still active) Brazilian soccer club, Sport Clube Rio Grande (SCRG).

The club was founded by Johannes Christian Moritz Minnemann. In 1936, SCRG won the championship of the Gaúcho competition (Rio Grande do Sul). At present, SCRG participates in the second division of the Gaúcho competition. Due to its reputation as oldest club, SCRG received the nickname ‘Vovó” (grandpa).

^{source source}
One of the first teams of SCRG.

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2004
Launch of the national campaign ‘O Melhor do Brasil é o Brasileiro’ (The Best of Brazil is the Brazilian).

The campaign was launched with the intention to rescue the self-esteem of Brazilians, that appeared to be low. Brazil and Brazilians did not play significant roles in history, with the exception of certain sportive achievements (as in soccer and volleyball). One of the campaign elements was the slogan ‘Eu sou brasileiro e não nunca desisto’ (I am Brazilian and will never desist). The immense campaign was launched in the presence of President Lula.

foto

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2007
Launch of the suborbital rocket VSB-30 V4 by Agência Espacial Brasileira (Brazilian Space Agency).

VSB stands for ‘Veículo de Sondagem Booster’ (Booster Sounding Vehicle), a type of a suborbital rocket. The rocket was developed in cooperation with DLR (German Space Agency). The 12.6 meter long rocket is able to carry a load of about 400 kg, to a height of 270 km. The first launch in Alcântara (MA) was on October 23, 2004. The second and third launches were in Sweden, in order to obtain European qualification certificates. The fourth launch, in Alcântara, was partly successful. There were problems with the parachutes and the localization system, and the rocket disappeared in the ocean. In 2009, the VSB gained international qualification and now may become a successful Brazilian export product.

Youtube channel ‘Brazilian Space‘

VSB-30
Launch of the VSB-30 V4 Rocket	VSB-30 V7
VSB-30 V7 Camera on Board	VSB-30 V8 Camera on Board
VSB-30 Project / Hypersonic 14-x	VSB-30 V5
VSB-30 V15	VSB-30 V3

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2008
Death of Brazilian actress Dercy Gonçalves (1907)

Dercy was born as Dolores Gonçalves Castro in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1907. She was born in a poor family and dreamed of a singing career. She started her career at the age of sixteen, when she escaped her house and joined a traveling theater company. She soon lost her voice, but she quickly gained fame as a comedienne. Dercy started her movie career in 1943 in ‘Samba em Berlim’. In 1958, she starred in ‘A Grande Vedete‘, which may be considered as one of her career highlights. In 1957, she made her television debut. She joined Globo and she became very popular with the Sunday broadcast ‘Dercy de Verdade’, which gained more than seventy percent of the television viewers. In 1991, she was honored in the samba enredo of samba school Viradouro. At the age of 83, she participated in the parade and caused controversy when she showed her bare breasts. She was the actress with the longest career, more than eighty years, according to the Guiness Book of Records. According to her last will, she is buried in upright position in a self-created mausoleum, which resembles the pyramid of the Louvre in Paris.

Foto: Globo / Foto

Coverage by Globo, with links

DERCY GONÇALVES
Start of ‘A Grande Vedete’ (1959)	Interview with Jô Soares (1990s)
Ronda Viva (1987)	Samba Parade Viradouro (1991)
‘Bravo Bravíssimo’	Dercy & Silvio Santos: Em Nome de Amor
Dercy Gonçalves 100 Years	Interview at the age of 82 (1986)
Death of Dercy Gonçalves	Adeus Dercy Gonçalves

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (199): July 18

 

Brazilian Days 199

July 18

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DAY OF:

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Dia Nacional do Trovador

(Troubadour). The word is probably derived from Latin (trobaire: poet). Every troubadour (or minstrel) is a poet, but not every poet is a troubadour. The ‘trova’ is a ballad that consists of four rhyming strophes. The verses were sung around since the Medieval Ages by troubadours or minstrels. In 1950, a cultural movement emerged, that reflected upon the trova: “Trovismo”. This term was invented by poet/ politician J. G. de Araújo Jorge and by poet Gilson de Castro, better known for his pseudonym Luiz Otávio (18 juli 1916-1977). In 1960, their dream became true: The foundation of an official union (União Brasileira de Trovadores) and their work “Os Primeiros Jogos Florais”. Luiz Otávio was honored as the “Prince of the Brazilian “Trovadores”. In 1980, neotrovismo emerged, by the foundation of the “Clube dos Trovadores Capixabas” by poet Clério José Borges: a new boot for Trovismo. At present, more than 3000 trovadores are active in Brazil; their symbol is the rose, their patron saint is St. Francis of Assisi.

^source

Examples of Trovas:

A- Trovas Líricas (lyric): Emotions.

Saudade palavra doce
que traduz tanto amargor;
saudade é como se fosse
espinho cheirando a flor…

BASTOS TIGRE

B- Trovas Filosóficas (philosophic): Thoughts.

Duas vidas todos temos,
muitas vezes sem saber:
— a vida que nós vivemos,
e a que sonhamos viver…

LUIZ OTÁVIO

C- Trovas Humorísticas (humoristic): Comedy.

Eu, trabalhar desse jeito,
com a força que Deus me deu,
pra sustentar um sujeito
vagabundo que nem eu ???…

ORLANDO BRITO

TROVADOR
O Menestrel Moacir Reis (Florianópolis)	O Menestrel Moacir Reis

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1967
Death of Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (1897-1967), former president of Brazil.

Humberto was a military officer, and was colonel in the Brazilian Expeditionary Force that battled in Italy during the Second World War. We was appointed as chief of the army staff by president Goulart. He was one of the coup members that ousted the same Goulart in 1964. Two weeks after the coup, Humberto was sworn in as the new president. During his mandate until March 1967, all leftist parties became dismantled. The Brazilian airline company Panair (part of Panam at that time) had to end the activities, and Varig took the position of national airline carrier. Shortly after his resignation as president, he was killed in a plane crash in Fortaleza. It remains unclear whether this plane crash was an accident or not.

^source

CASTELO BRANCO
Ditadura militar- Castelo Branco	Biografia_H. de Alencar Castelo Branco
Castelo Branco	Funerais do ex-presidente Castelo Branco

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1841
Coronation of D. Pedro II as emperor of Brazil.

Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Bragança e Habsburgo, is the complete name of Dom Pedro II (1825-1891). In 1831, his father, Dom Pedro I, abdicated, after fierce protests of the Brazilians against his inability to govern Brazil and against his participation in the Portuguese Civil War (Pedro was king Pedro IV in Portugal). Following his abdication, Pedro’s daughter Maria ascended the Portuguese throne at the age of fifteen. At that time, little Pedro was only five. Regents governed Brazil until 1840, when the Brazilian parliament judged 14-year old Pedro old enough to govern Brazil. This motto was ‘União e Indústria, “Union and Industry”. He guided Brazil into the industrialist period. Pedro II governed no less than 58 years, until the military coup in 1889. Two years later, he died in Paris, where he lived in exile. His body was later transferred to Brazil, and he now is buried in Petrópolis.

^source

DOM PEDRO II
Part one	Part two
Coronation Hymn, D. Pedro II	Dom Pedro II – Exhibition 1
Dom Pedro II – Exhibition 2	Dom Pedro II – Exhibition 3

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1821
Annexation of Banda Oriental (future Uruguay) by the Portuguese.

Banda Oriental was added as the province Cisplatina to the Brazilian colony. The Uruguayans battled for their independence for 19 years. In 1811, Southern American Liberation Wars were in full progress, the Uruguayan hero José Gervasio Artigas (1764-1850) battled together with the Argentinians against the Spanish rulers and defeated them. José returned to Uruguay (then called Banda Oriental, after the eastern margin of the Uruguay River), where he started the siege of Montevideo. The Portuguese, in turn, invaded Banda Oriental, but the city was spared. Artigas became leader of the people of Banda Oriental, that joined the Federation of River Plate (future Argentina). The Portuguese invaded, secretly agreed by Argentina, Banda Oriental in 1816. Artigas lost the battle against the Portuguese, and exiled himself to Paraguay. Following the annexation in 1821, revolutions broke out, until the nation declared itself independent in 1825. Together with Argentina, the young independent country Brazil fought a 500-day war, until the ratification of a treaty in 1828, confirming the independence of Uruguay.

source
The country was almost completely deserted
for a short time, because of the fights.

Independence process of Uruguay

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1971
Final match of Pelé in Brazilian Team.

At the age of 16, Pelé entered the Brazilian national team. In the match against Argentina, Pelé scored, but Brazil lost 1-2. At the age of 17, Pelé won his first World Cup. He participated in four world cups (1958-1962-1966-1970), but did not win in 1966. His ultimate match in Maracanã was witnessed by almost 140 thousand spectators. They pleaded him to stay. Pelé was very nervous before this match, and did not score. He was very emotional when he was substituted. Pele played 115 times for the national team and scored 95 times. Obviously, he did not win the Copa América. His ultimate match as professional was in 1977, during a match between New York Cosmos and Santos.

‘Pelé was considering to continue in the second half’

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1892
Creation of a Bacteriological Laboratory in the state of São Paulo, by Lei nº 43.

The Instituto Bacteriológico e o Laboratório de Análises Químicas e Bromatológicas was the precursor of the renown Butantan Institute. French scientist Félix le Dantec was the first director. After six months, he was succeeded by Brazilian scientist Adolfo Lutz. The institute managed to control epidemics of cholera, yellow fever and bubonic plague. The Butantan Institute was created in 1901.

BUTANTÃ (BUTANTAN) INSTITUTE
Instituto Butantã	TVendo e Aprendendo: Instituto Butantan
Instituto Butantan Part 1	Instituto Butantan Part 2
Instituto Butantan Part 3	Instituto Butantan Part 4
Instituto Butantan Part 5	Instituto Butantan Part 6

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1959
First appearance of the dog Bidu as a comic in the jornal ‘Folha de São Paulo.

The dog, inspired upon a schnauzer, was created by cartoonist Maurício de Souza. The cartoonist later became famous with his creation of ‘Turma da Monica’.

copyright: Maurício de Souza

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1987
Death of Gilberto Freyre (1900), sociólogist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, and politician.

Gilberto is widely known for his anthropological studies of races and cultures in Brazil. His best known work is ‘Casa Grande & Senzala’ (The Masters and the Slaves), about the black heritage in Brazil.

GILBERTO FREYRE
De Lá Pra Cá 1	De Lá Pra Cá 2
De Lá Pra Cá 3	De Lá Pra Cá 4
Caminho Gilberto Freyre 1	Caminho Gilberto Freyre 2
Caminho Gilberto Freyre 3	Caminho Gilberto Freyre 4

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1913
Introduction of four time zones in Brazil, by law.

From east to west, Brazil measures more than 4300 kilometers. In 1884, it was decided, after a meeting of 24 countries, to introduce time zones. The time zones divided the states of Pará and Amazonas in two time zones. In 2008, these divisions disappeared, following slight adaptation of the time zones. Since 1931, Brazil has summer time from October to February. Also in 2008, it was decided that the southern Brazilian states will have a summer time from the third Sunday in October until the third Sunday in February. In 2011, Bahia joined this group of states.

The left map shows the initial time zones.
In 2008, the times zones were adapted, the zones
within the states of Amazonas and Pará disappeared.
The right map shows the states with summer time
(darker color)

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1841
Luís Alves de Lima e Silva promoted to Brigade General and awarded the title of Baron of Caxias.

Luís received the title because of this peaceful approach to bring Maranhão back under central control.

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1824
Arrival of the first 39 German migrants in Porto Alegre (RS).

This group of German colonists arrived as a result of an imperial program to colonize Southern Brazil. They arrived in the then called Province of São Pedro, and continued their travel to São Leopoldo, where they arrived on July 25.

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1847
Death of Bento Gonçalves (Leader of the Farrapos Revolution).

Bento was born in Triunfo (RS) in 1788. He is considered as one of the most important people in the history of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Bento, together with Antônio de Souza Neto and Italian freedom fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi, fought in independence war (1835-1845) against the Brazilian Empire. The revolutionaries (farrapos or raggamuffins) were defeated, and peace was offered by Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva, general of the imperial army (see above). In return, the farrapos chose Luiz as their state president.

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1969
Safe of Adhemar de Barros, governor of São Paulo, robbed by rebels of VAR-Palmares.

The money – now worth about 15 million euros – was the so-called ‘caixinha’ of the corrupt activities of the ex-governor. Planning of the robbery was worked out in deep detail, and participated by 13. Dilma was linked to this rebel group. The money was transferred to a Swiss bank account, and was used for financing movements against the dictatorship. See also the articles of IstoÉ and brasil247.

(veja) / (virtualia blogs)

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (198): July 17

 

Brazilian Days 198

July 17

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Proteção às Florestas/ Dia do Protetor Florestal

(Protection, protector of the Forests). Unfortunately, deforestation is still going on, worldwide. Not only the Amazon Forest, but also the immense forests in Central Africa and South-East Asia lose much of their area… .


Deforestation of the Amazon Forest

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Dia do Submarinista

(Submarine sailor). On July 17, 1914, the submarine unit (Comando da Força de Submarinos), part of the Brazilian Navy, was created. At present, the Brazilian Navy has four submarines of the Tupi class, and one of the Tikuna class (constructed in Brazil). There are plans to construct nuclear submarines; these reactors could also provide electricity to a number of smaller of Brazilian cities.

BRAZILIAN SUBMARINES
Comando das Força de Submarinos	Construction of a Brazilian Nuclear Submarine
Submarines defend Brazilian oil wells	Nuclear submarines (2004)

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Dia do Santo Aleixo, padroeiro dos mendigos

(Saint Alexius, patron saint of the beggars and the poor). Aleixo was son of a Roman senator, and was born around 350. His parents taught him to be merciful to the poor people. Aleixo was intending to dedicate his life to God and to have a humble life, but his parents already had arranged a rich bride for him. At the wedding night, he received permission from his bride to leave her and to dedicate himself to God. According to the legend, a holy image of Mary spoke about him, that he was holy, a man of God. He escaped from his normal life, and continued as a beggar. He returned to the home of his parents, where he lived in a small space under the stairs. His parents did not recognize him. The servants were mean to him, but he did not reveal his true identity. After his death on July 17, his family found a small letter on his corpse, revealing his identity. He was buried in the graveyard of his family.

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1994
Brazil beat Italy (after penalty kicks) in the final of FIFA World Cup in the United States, and became world champion for the fourth time (tetracampeão).

More than 94 thousand soccer fans watched the final in the Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California. There was no score in the regular playing time, and no goal was scored in the extra time. Roberto Baggio was the third Italian player to miss the penalty. The cup was dedicated to Formula One racer Ayrton Senna, who died earlier that year.

Match highlights

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1661
Jesuits expelled from Pará.

Father Antônio Vieira, from Portugal, was one of them. The colonization of Northern Brazil was in full progress. The colonists used indians as their slaves. The Jesuits took care of the indians and demanded that they should be released. A conflict was ignited, and escalated with the exile of the Jesuits from Maranhão and Grão-Pará. The Portuguese father was then involved in more conflicts, and was exiled several times.

JESUITS AND PADRE ANTÔNIO VIEIRA
Padre Antonio Vieira (1/3) – De Lá Pra Cá	Padre Antonio Vieira (2/3) – De Lá Pra Cá
Padre Antonio Vieira (3/3) – De Lá Pra Cá	Jesuits in Brazil

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom  © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (197): July 16

 

Brazilian Days 197

July 16

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Comerciante

(Merchant) It is interesting to know that the origin of the name Mercurius, Roman god of trade, is to be derived from the Latin word Merx, that is to be translated as.. trade. The Dia do Comerciante was introduced in 1953, on the day of birth of Visconde de Cayru: José da Silva Lisboa (1756-1835). The viscount was a politician who was responsible for the liberation of Brazilian harbors for trade with befriended nations, in 1808.

DIA DO COMERCIANTE
Dia do Comerciante 2010	Motives for Dia do Comerciante

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Dia da Nossa Senhora do Carmo

(Our Lady of Carmel). Karmel is located in Haifa, were, according to the Old Testament, prophet Elias battled idols. Worshipers of Elias settled there as hermits. They later formed the basis for the Order of the Carmelites, founded by Berthold of Calabria in the twelfth century, and the Carmelitesses. Their trademark was poverty and manual labor, and prayers in silence. Famous Carmelites are the saints Theresia of Avila, John of the Cross, Theresia of Lisieux, and Edith Stein (Theresia-Benedicta of the Cross). The Dutch priest Titus Brandsma also was a Carmelite.

Origin of the Carmelite Order

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1696
“Foundation” of the state of Minas Gerais.

On this day, a group of bandeirantes (pioneers) from São Paulo, led by Salvador Fernandes Furtado de Mendonça, discovered gold in a river that they baptized Nossa Senhora do Carmo, according to the feast day. The settlement of Nossa Senhora do Carmo emerged along the river, and soon this settlement gained strategic importance about the power game and gold. In 1709, the settlement became capital of the newly formed capitania (‘province’) São Paulo e Minas de Ouro. In 1711, the Portuguese king Dom João V ordered that the settlement should be elevated to a city and should be renamed in Mariana, after his wife, queen Maria Ana of Austria. Mariana became the religious center of the capitania and the first diocese in Minas Gerais. Mariana became urbanized and was one of the first planned cities in Brazil. In 1720, neighboring city Vila Rica became the new capital of Minas Gerais. (Map of the historic center of Mariana)

Mariana (MG)

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1556
First bishop of Brazil shipwrecked near the Brazilian shoreline

Dom Pedro Fernando Sardinha, nominated as the first bishop in Brazil, shipwrecked near the shoreline of Alagoas. Soon the Caeté indians caught and consumed him. This story of cannibalism has raised doubts. An alternative version of the story is that the bishop was murdered by one of the survivors, who had spread the story of the indians to have an excuse to commit genocide and to take their homeland. And indeed, it was the reason for the arrival of a Portuguese expedition force who killed almost all indians of that tribe.

Documentary about the death of the bishop

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1930
Nossa Senhora de Aparecida declared to patron saint of Brazil.

The story of Our Lady of Aparecida dates back to 1717. Three poor Brazilian fishermen were sent out fishing. They had nothing. Until one of them caught a small, headless statue, and not much later, the missing head. According to the legend, they immediately caught a lot of fish. The statue presumably was crafted by a monk from São Paulo, Frei Agostino de Jesus. The statue must have been in the water for many years. At present, this statue of Our Lady is covered by a blue mantle, and it wears a little crown. The statue now is located in the Basílica de Aparecida, the second largest (only after the Saint Peter in Rome) catholic church in the world. The Basílica may host at least 45 thousand believers. More than 6 million believers visit the Basílica annually. The feast day of Our Lady is on October 12.

bron


Santuário NS de Aparecida

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1944
Landing of the first FEB (Força Expedicionária Brasileira; Brazilian Expedition Force) contigent in Naples (Italy).

Initially, Brazil maintained neutrality when the Second World War broke out. The Brazilian president Vargas slightly supported Nazism ideas and continued to trade with the Axis members as well as with the members of the Allied troops. Brazil gave the United States permission to set up air force bases in the northeast. This to dismay of the Germans, who took revenge by attacking Brazilian vessels. When five vessels were attacked in one single day, killing more than 600 people, the government had no other option than to declare war to the Axis members. With help of the United States, the Brazilian Expeditionary Force was organized and equipped. This army force (more than 25.000 men in total) has contributed in the liberation of Italy. Brazilians captured more than 20.000 prisoners of war and lost more than 400 of its men in the battles.

bron

FEB
O Brasil na 2 Guerra Mundial – Lapa Azul – Excelente Documentário sobre a FEB	Documentários da Segunda Guerra – Brasil – FEB – Esquadrão Senta Pua!
FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4	FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4
FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4	FEB – Força Expedicionária Brasileira Parte 1/4

The Disney cartoon image Zé (José of Joe) Carioca was created as a means of propaganda. The Americans were encouraged to become more familiar with their Brazilian allies.

Joe Carioca: Have ever been to Bahia?

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1720
Rebellion leader Felipe dos Santos hanged and dismembered in Vila Rica, Minas Gerais.

Felipe was a miner, who led the revolt, in 1720, against the leadership the Casas de Fundição, responsible for the exploitation of the mines. No less than one fifth of the profits of the gold exploitation was destined for the Portuguese Crown. His rebellion was beaten down, and Felipe was arrested and condemned to death. Count de Assumar, governor of the Province Minas de Ouro was forced to split up the province. It was the birth of the actual state of Minas Gerais, with Vila Rica as its capital.

Revolta de Felipe dos Santos e Conjura Mineira

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1934
Proclamation of the Third Brazilian Constitutional Law.

Brazil has introduced seven different constitutional laws since its independence in 1822. The first was in 1824, the second was two years after the proclamation of the Republic, in 1891. The third was in 1934, partly thanks to the revolts and revolutions in the preceding years. Only three years later, in 1937, the fourth constitutional law, an initiative of Getúlio Vargas, would be introduced.

Documentary about the third Brazilian constitutional law

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (196): July 15

 

Brazilian Days 196

July 15

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DAY OF:

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Dia Nacional dos Clubes

(Brazilian Club Day). The Brazilian Club Day may be found on almost every calendar, but there are no activities associated with the day.

Salve os clubes brasileiros,
dos mais novos aos pioneiros.
Eles que nos dão prazer,
mestres na arte do lazer.
Clubes dos mais variados,
de grandes serviços prestados.
Clubes que entram em ação,
motivo de amor e paixão.
Quem não tem o seu dengo
como corintiano ou Flamengo
ou outro clube da nação.
Seja qual for a modalidade
todo sócio na verdade
tem um clube no coração.

Gilson Lira / Recanto das Letras (Código do texto: T3096069)

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Dia da Musicoterapeuta/ da Musicoterapia

(Music therapist/ Music therapy). A controversial calendar day, since this day is also held on September 15. In 1991, this day was introduced, per decree, by governor Luiz Antônio Fleury Filho, of the state of São Paulo. Soon thereafter, the day was introduced nationwide.

MUSIC THERAPY
Music therapy (1/3)	Music therapy (2/3)
Music therapy (3/3)

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Dia Internacional do Homem

(International Men’s Day) Yes, this day exist! But not universally. In 1999, Men’s Day was introduced for the first time in Trinidad and Tobago,on November 19. Malta celebrates it on February 7. Brazil today. Ukraine, Russia, and Kyrgyzstan on February 23. India on November 19. Norway on October 7, and Canada on November 25. .

DIA DO HOMEM
Dia do Homem	Dia do Homem
Dia do Homem on July 15

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1889
Discovery of the Foz do Iguaçu waterfalls

“Poor Niagara!” The legendary exclamation of Eleanor Roosevelt, former First Lady and wife of former American president Franklin Delano Roosevelt, when she visited the Iguaçu waterfalls for the first time. The 275 waterfalls, stretching over an distance of almost thee kilometers, are situated at the border between Brazil and Argentina. The most impressive waterfall is undoubtedly the Garganta do Diabo, the Devil’s Throat, where the water from the Iguaçu River violently falls down more than seventy meters. Iguacú was formed about 20 million years ago, presumably the result of volcanic eruptions. At either the Brazilian and Argentinian site, a national park has been established. The parks take part of the UNESCO World Heritage List.

source

The discovery of Iguaçu may be attributed to the Spaniard Álvar Nuñes Cabeza de Vaca (1542). Only in 1881, the first settlers arrived at the location near the waterfalls: Foz do Iguaçu. José Joaquim Firmino, engineer and lieutenant in the army, arrived in 1889. Not long thereafter, the settlement became a military status, and only regaining the civilian status in 1912. Nowadays, Foz do Iguaçu and its Argentinian counterpart Puerto Iguazú receive large numbers of national and international tourists.

Of interest is the indian legend about the waterfalls:

Iguaçu has the meaning of “big water”, in Guarani language. This indian tribe has a legend about Iguaçu.

“The beautiful indian virgin Naipi was chosen to marry M’Boy, the snake god. Meanwhile, a young warrior, named Tarobá, fell hopelessly in love with Naipi. At the day of the wedding ceremonial, the lovers escaped in a canoe. When M’Boy discovered that his bride had escaped, he transformed himself in a giant serpent and hunted for them. At the site where the M’Boy serpent dug himself into the earth, an enormous canyon was created. The god transformed Naipi in a stone, and she had to be eternally slung through the water. Her lover was transformed in a palm tree, and stood at the rim of the canyon. Naipi and Tarobá could see each other for ever, but never touch each other again.”

FOZ DO IGUAÇU
Foz do Iguaçu – PR	Amateur video of the waterfalls
Foz do Iguaçu (1/2) The Water	Foz do Iguaçu (2/2) The Legend

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (195): July 14

 

Brazilian Days 195

July 14

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Doente

(Sick). The World Day of the Sick is on February 11. Today is the anniversary of the death of St. Camillus de Lellis (1550-1614), patron saint of the health care staff, and the hospitals; and peculiarly, of the gamblers. St. Camillus was a fervent gambler prior to his convocation.

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Dia Mundial dos Hospitais

(World Hospital Day).

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Dia Nacional do Enfermo

(Brazilian Health Care Day). The international health care day is on February 11th.

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Dia nacional do combate à doença vascular periférica.

(Battling peripheral vascular diseases). This medical term refers to the cluster of diseases that affect blood vessels other than of the heart, aorta and the brain. One may think of embolism, atherosclerosis. Probable causes for these diseases are smoking behavior, diabetes, overweight, and hypertension.

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Dia do Propagandista de Laboratório

(Laboratory Representative). Laboratory representatives are important links between the investigators and laboratory equipment suppliers. Visits that were not announced, are not always appreciated, but appointed visits may generate full attention of the investigator. Especially when the representative is able to offer interesting discounts, offers, or bonuses.

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Dia Nacional dos Povos Americanos

(American People). This day was introduced in 1890, soon after Brazil had become a republic, by decree. The Dia do Índio (indians) is on April 19.

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Dia Mundial da Liberdade de Pensamento

(Freedom of Thought). Is it coincidence that this day is also the Day of the French Revolution? Not exactly, since research has revealed that the celebration of the French Revolution must have inspired the declaration of the day of freedom of thought, and the day of American people. A reminder to the French motto: ‘Liberté, Fraternité, Egalité’. Also the Day of Freedom of Thought was introduced in 1890.

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Dia do Salonista

(Futsal). This day was introduced in 1974, on the anniversary of the Futsal Association in São Paulo. Futsal is, next to volleyball, a very popular indoor sport in Brazil. Futsal (contraction of Futebol de Salão) was invented in 1930, by an Argentine professor (Juan Carlos Ceriani) in Uruguay. Already ten years later, Futsal was introduced in São Paulo. The Brazilian national selection has won the world title six times: 1982, 1985, 1989, 1992, 1996, and 2008.

Overview of World Cup Futsal 2008

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1774
Foundation of the city of Campinas (São Paulo).
Initially, the city of Campinas was called Mato Grosso, thanks to the massive and dense forest in this region. Brazilian pioneers looking for gold mines passed through this city. Approximately between 1739 and 1744, the first settlement was built. On July 14, 1774 a makeshift chapel was built in honor of the founding of this small community: Freguesia Nossa Senhora de Conceição de Campina. In 1797, the settlement became a village, with the name Vila de São Carlos; only in 1842, with just over 2000 inhabitants, the village was promoted to a city. Since then the city was called Campinas. The nickname for Campinas is Cidade-Fenix (Phoenix Town), given the reconstruction after the yellow fever epidemic in the nineteenth century, killing more than one quarter of the population. Due to the coffee culture and the construction of a railway track, Campinas expanded to one of the largest cities in the state of São Paulo, with more than one million inhabitants in 2010.

Intention to create Campinas

Flag

Campinas

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (194): July 13

 

Brazilian Days 194

July 13

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Engenheiro Sanitarista

(Sanitary Engineer). According Decreto/ Lei 414/91, published on October 22, 1991, this day became established on July 13, and the tasks of this profession were described. The engineer has a great responsibility regarding public hygiene. Particularly, after the publication of the Law Primary Sanitary Requirements, much money was invested in the connection of all households on the public sewage systems, and the connection of tap water. Saturnino de Brito (1864-1929) was one of the leading sanitary engineers in Brazil.

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SANITARY ENGINEER
Prof. Luiz Antônio Bertussi Filho – engenheiro sanitarista	Os Canais de Saturnino (Saturnino’s Canals) Trailer – English
Os Canais de Saturnino (Saturnino’s Canals) Trailer – Português

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Dia Mundial do Rock

(Rock music). On July 13, 1985, the memorable Live Aid Festival took place. Attention and money was requested for the starving population of Ethiopia. The rock music style originated since 1954, when it was introduced by Elvis Presley. It was soon followed by many singers and rock styles, also in Brazil. 1955 was the debut year of Nora Ney, who can be seen as a pioneer of the Brazilian rock. Today, the Brazilian rock has many representatives who still enjoy great popularity.

BRAZILIAN ROCK
History of Brazilian Rock, part 1	History of Brazilian Rock, part 2
Special about Nora Ney	Nora Ney – Rock Around The Clock
Live Aid – Status Quo	Live Aid – Style Council
Live Aid – Adam Ant	Live Aid – Ultravox
Live Aid – Elvis Costello	Live Aid – Nik Kershaw
Live Aid – Sade	Live Aid – Sting
Live Aid – Phil Collins	Live Aid – Queen
Live Aid – Led Zeppelin	Live Aid – Dire Straits
Live Aid – U2	Live Aid – show

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Dia dos Cantores e dos Compositores Sertanejos

(Sertanejo music). Roughly speaking, one may consider it as the Brazilian tearjerker, although this term does not cover everything. It started with the traveling Jesuits, who made music in their religious missions, with their guitars and other stringed instruments. The Bandeirantes – pioneers – loved to play guitar and sang about their lonely lives, the dramas of their existence. In the eighteenth century the Sertanejo became popularized: the religious and pioneer versions were mixed with influences of immigrants, with their own rhythms. In the twentieth century, the first singing duos appeared. Later in this century, the traditional clothing of the rural areas became tightly linked to the Sertanejo music. It resembles the American “country”-style hats, colorful and checkered shirts, jeans and boots. There are regular programs to be watched on Brazilian TV, entirely devoted to the Sertanejo music.

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ZEZÉ DI CAMARGO E LUCIANO
Zezé di Camargo e Luciano (1991)	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – complete
Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 01	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 02
Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 03	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 04
Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 05	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 06
Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 07	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 08
Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 09	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 10
Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 11	Os Dois Filhos de Francisco – 12
Zezé di Camargo e Luciano – É Amor

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1901
Flight of Alberto Santos Dumont around the Eiffel Tower.

One day earlier, on July 12, Alberto made three flights over Paris. During the third flight Alberto managed to fly around the Eiffel Tower, but shortly after he was forced to make an emergency landing. One day later, he had succeeded in his aim to fly around the Eiffel Tower but his attempt of 40 minutes was too long to win the coveted prize. Only on October 19 that year Alberto managed to fly around the Eiffel Tower, but he exceeded the time limit with only 40 seconds. The French jury admitted reluctantly that Alberto had to be awarded the prize of 100,000 francs.

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1553
Arrival of Padre José de Anchieta in Brazil.

De Anchieta was one of the most influential people in Brazilian history.

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PADRE JOSÉ DE ANCHIETA
São José de Anchieta	Vida e Obra de José de Anchieta

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1553
Installation of Duarte da Costa as Governor-General of Brazil (1553-1558).

Duarte arrived with the same ship as the Father Anchieta and Father Manuel da Nobrega. During his reign, several Indian tribes were subjected, the Jesuit Order was founded in São Paulo, and the French landed in the Bay of Guanabara to found their colony.

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1640
Jesuits forced to leave São Paulo.

Pope Urban VIII issued a decree in favor of the freedom of the Indians. This was much to the dismay of the Paulistas, who used the Indians as slaves. To express their displeasure, citizens of São Paulo attacked the monasteries. The Jesuits were saved by the troops of the municipalities. The Jesuits maintained the decree of the pope that freedom should be awarded to the Indians, with the result that citizens of Sao Paulo forced the Jesuits to leave the city.

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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