Brazilian Days (237): August 25

Brazilian Days 237

August 25

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Feirante

(Market trader). In 1914, a law was introduced, that markets were allowed, under the control of the city council. In 1934, ware other than food was allowed to be sold at the markets. There were strict conditions about the hygiene and the behavior of the market trader. In 1948, it was determined, (for example in São Paulo) that markets could be held from Tuesday to Sunday, from six in the morning until noon, and that everything must be clean at 3 PM, and that traffic may return in that street. It is understandable that locals are not always that happy to have market traders in front of their doors.

^{Market trader in Curitiba}

FEIRANTE
Especial Dia do Feirante	Dia do feirante
Documentário – Vida de Feirante	Vida de Feirante

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Dia do Exército Brasileiro e do Soldado

(Brazilian army and soldier). This day is a homage to the Duke of Caxias, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (1803-1880), who was born on this day. The Duke of Caxias is the patron of the Brazilian army. On August 25 1923, this day was introduced; in 1962, the duke was elected to be patron of the army. Motto of the Brazilian army is :

‘Braço forte, mão amiga”.
A strong arm, a helping hand.

YouTube Channel Brazilian Army

Short video about the Brazilian army

BRAZILIAN ARMY
ORDEM DO DIA DO SOLDADO	Dia do Soldado 2012
National Monument of WW II, Rio de Janeiro	Transposition of the São Francisco River
Guerreiros Brasileiros – Forças Armadas do Brasil	Brazilian army (FEB) in Italy
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 10/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 11/08/09
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 12/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 13/08/09
Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 14/08/09	Guerreiros do Brasil – Jornal da record 15/08/09

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1803
Birth of Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (1803-1880), Duque de Caxias.

The duke has gained the nickname “O pacificador”, the peacemaker. He was responsible for the repression of the revolts in the states of Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, The duke reorganized the army, governed some sates (províncias at that time), and was three times prime minister of Brazil. But the army was his passion. Even at a respectable age, he commanded the army, like he did in Paraguay. He died at his fazenda in Rio de Janeiro.

DUQUE DE CAXIAS

Duque de Caxias – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

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1822
Arrival of Dom Pedro, the Portuguese crown prince, in São Paulo.

The crown prince would declare independence of Brazil on September 7.

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1961
President Jânio Quadros (1917-1992) resigned.

Jânio studied law and was teacher of Portuguese literature, when he was elected as the successor of Juscelino Kubitschek. On January 1961, Jãnio was installed as 17th president of the Brazilian Republic. He had to deal with the powerful governor of the state of Guanabara (later this state with Rio de Janeiro), who was a fierce opponent of Vargas and Kubitschek. Vargas committed suicide, the popular Kubitschek was not re-elected. Jânio could no longer withstand the pressure of governor Lacerda, and resigned. One day before, Lacerda stated that he was not about to put aside Jânio, and accused the minister of Justice of participating a conspiracy, which could have resulted in a coup. Following his resignation, Jãnio resumed teaching. At the time of the military dictatorship, he was put in prison for a short time, and he was blocked for political activities. Due to his weak health status, Jânio was not able to become presidential candidate in 1989. He suffered three CVAs, before he, totally paralyzed, died in 1992.

  

JÂNIO QUADROS
O Governo Jânio Quadros (1961)	50 ANOS DA POSSE DE JANIO QUADROS
Renúncia de Jânio Quadros (1/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 20/02/2011	Renúncia de Jânio Quadros (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá – 20/02/2011
Cultura Retrô – Jânio Quadros – 02/02/2012	Jânio Quadros (1986), after his election as mayor of São Paulo.

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1961
Installation of Ranieri Mazzilli as president of Brazil.

Year 1961 was a year of many presidents: In order of appearance that year: Kubitschek, Quadros, Mazzilli, and Goulart. The power vacuum that Jãnio left behind after his resignation, should have been filled by his vice-president, João Goulart, nicknamed ‘Jango’. However, Jango was not in Brazil at that time; he was on a business trip in China. Ranieri Mazzilli, chairman of the parliament, was appointed as the temporary successor of Jãnio. Meanwhile, the ministers of War, Air Force, and Navy created an informally military junta, who – in vain – tried to block Goulart to be installed as president. There was an agreement: Mazzilli would hand over the presidency to Jango, fourteen days later. Three years later, Mazzilli was president again, for another fourteen days, following the military coup that had put aside Goulart. Marshall Castelo Branco was then his successor. Mazzilli would suffer difficulties to continue his political career, when the military leaders blocked his candidacy to become chairman of the parliament again.

Mazzilli hands over the presidential
sash to Jango

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (236): August 24

Brazilian Days 236

August 24

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DAY OF:

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Dia dos Artistas

(Artists)

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Dia Nacional da Infância

(Brazilian Day of Infancy). A day of reflection about the life conditions of many children, who suffer malnutrition, live with lack of sanitary facilities and potable water, and lack good quality education. At many locations there will be attention to domestic violence that victimizes many children, and sexual abuse, by family members, acquaintances, and by ‘tourists’. Some years ago, an investigation by the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Federal Rodoviária) showed that along the highway network of 60 thousand kilometers, almost two thousand locations are known where children and youngsters are being exploited sexually.

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1648
Death of Antônio Felipe Camarão (?1580-1648).

Antônio was a Brazilian Indian of the Potiguar tribe in the region of the city of Natal. His Indian name was ‘Poti’, meaning ‘shrimp’ (‘camarão’ in Portuguese). In 1612, he converted himself to Christianity, that the day of Saint Anthony, and adopted this name. He adopted the name Felipe, to honor the Spanish king. In 1630, Antônio battled, leading the Indian regiment, against the Dutch occupation, until 1468. In his final year of his life, he battled under the command of the Portuguese. Antônio was honored, and he was allowed to use the title ‘Dom’. Antônio succumbed from wounds that he caught in the famous battle of Guararapes. The city hall of Natal is named after Antônio.

 

FELIPE CAMARÃO

Filipe Camarão – Série “Construtores do Brasil” – TV Câmara

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1863
Death of actor João Caetano (1808-1863).

João Caetano dos Santos was born in Rio de Janeiro. He started is career in the theater as an amateur, until 1831, when he made his debut as a professional in “O Carpinteiro da Livônia”, later better known as “Pedro, o Grande” (about the Russian czar Peter the Great). Less than two years later, João and some colleagues founded the Companhia Nacional João Caetano. João’s favorite theater pieces were tragedy, but also acted in comedies. He described his experiences in two books: “Reflexões Dramáticas“, (1837) and “Lições Dramáticas” (1862). In 1860, he set up a school for Dramatic Arts, entirely free for students. He died three years later. João is considered as one of the masters of drama. Sixty years later, the historic Real Theatro de São João (1813) was named after him: Teatro João Caetano.

   

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1954
Suicide of president Getúlio Vargas, in Palácio do Catete, Rio de Janeiro.

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas was born in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in 1882. It is obvious that, in his childhood, he changed his year of birth in 1883. This was discovered in 1982 only. Getúlio enlisted in the army and studied Law. He started his career as a lawyer. In 1909, he was elected as a congressman for his state, and as a federal congressman in 1923. He worked as Minister of Treasury for a short time, before he became president of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. During his mandate he favored secret voting and voting rights for women, and was responsible for the foundation of Viação Aérea Rio Grandense, better known as VARIG. In those days, there still was the so-called ‘cafe-com-leite’ political system: Presidents of the Republic of Brazil were from São Paulo or Minas Gerais. This tradition was ended after a series of political controversies and even a revolt. A military coup was committed, and Getúlio Vargas was appointed as president of the Provisional Government (1930-1934). This became the Constitutional Government (1934-1937), and the New State (Estado Novo: 1937-1945). His government was considered as dictatorial, even fascist, according to some critics. However, he turned against the fascist nations in the Second World War, and chose the side of the Allied nations. Public pressure on Getúlio increased, until he was set aside by a coup, in 1945. He then became senator for Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo. In 1950, Getúlio was elected as president. His government was characterized by construction and corruption. In January 1954, an air force officer was shot dead, and a journalist wounded by a bodyguard of Getúlio. This scandal called for stepping down, and ultimately made the president decide to commit suicide. He was a controversial president, who gained the nickname “Pai dos Pobres (father of the poor)” .

  

GETÚLIO VARGAS
Morte de Getúlio Vargas	Um tiro no coração põe fim à Era Vargas
Getúlio Vargas – Documentário (1974)	Getúlio Vargas – De Lá Pra Cá – 24/08/2009
Conheça a trajetória política de Getúlio Vargas	Funeral de Getúlio Vargas – 1954
A Era Vargas – Parte 01	A Era Vargas – Parte 02
A Era Vargas – Parte 03	A Era Vargas – Parte 04

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1954
Installation of João Café Filho as president of Brazil.

Following the suicide of Getúlio Vargas, vice-president João Café Filho (1899-1970), was installed as president of the Republic of Brazil. João was born in Natal, where he worked as lawyer and journalist. He was president (the first protestant president of Brazil), until he had to step down because of health problems (cardiac problems). His successor, Carlos Luz, was put aside only three days later, after a military coup. Café Filho was not allowed to continue his presidency after his disease, since it was assumed that he would not accept the elected presidential candidate Juscelino Kubitschek as his successor.

JOÃO CAFÉ FILHO

1955 – CAFÉ FILHO AT THE FUNERAL DE ARTUR BERNARDES

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (235): August 23

Brazilian Days 235

August 23

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Injustiça

(Injustice). A day that invites to think about justice and injustice. Some quotes about injustice:

“Iniuriam aures facilius quam oculi ferunt.”
“The ears endure a wrongdoing more willingly than the eyes.”
Publilius Syrus

“Quem comete uma injustiça é sempre mais infeliz que o injustiçado.”
“Committing injustice is more unworthy than suffering injustice.”
Plato

Analogue:

“Accipere quam facere praestat iniuriam.”
“Better to suffer injustice rather than to commit injustice.“
Cicero

source

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Dia do Aviador Naval

(Naval aviator). On October 14, 1911, Jorge Henrique Möller achieved, as first Brazilian marine, his flying certificate, in France. On 23 August 1916, the Escolal de Aviação da Marinha (navy aviation school) was founded, on the island ‘Ilha das Enxadas’, in the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. In the same month, the Brazilian navy received the first plane, a Curtiss F seaplane. Between the great wars, planes were built in Brazil, using German licenses. During the Second World War, the navy fleet and the personnel was transferred to the air force. After this war, a new navy fleet was formed, and they held exercises with the Americans, In 1956, the Navy purchased the British aircraft carrier HMS Vengeance, which underwent a complete revision at the Dutch Verolme United Shipyards. The vessel was renamed in Navio-Aeródromo Ligeiro (NAel) Minas Gerais.

Aircraft carrier ‘Minas Gerais’ / Blue Amazon: Brazil’s 200-mile zone 

“Assegurar o apoio aéreo adequado às Operações Navais, a fim decontribuir para a condição de pleno e pronto emprego do Poder Naval onde e quando for necessário.”

NAVAL AVIATION
NAe A-12 SÃO PAULO – O Porta Aviões Brasileiro (São Paulo Carrier)	Operações aéreas no NAeL Minas Gerais
Futuro Porta-Aviões do Brasil : NAe A-16 Amazonas	Esquadrão Falcão VF-1 / Marinha do Brasil
Porta-Aviões São Paulo – 1/3	Porta-Aviões São Paulo – 2/3
Porta-Aviões São Paulo – 3/3

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Dia da Intendência da Aeronáutica

(Air force administration). On August 23, 1945, the administrative department of the air force was formed, with José Epaminondas de Aquino Granja (1897-1975) as general manager. The day of air force administration was introduced in 1969, with José as patron of the department.

INTENDÊNCIA DA AERONÁUTICA

Solenidade celebra Dia da Intendência

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Dia Internacional para Recordar o Comércio de Escravos e a Abolição

(International Day of Remembrance of Slavery and Abolishment). Slave trade took part of some kind of triangular arrangements: Products were shipped to Africa for the payment of the captured slaves. The slaves were transported to America, and the products, made by slave labor, were shipped to Europe. It is estimated that at least 17 million slaves were transported from Africa to America. In the night from August 22 to 23, 1791, the rebellion in Santo Domingo (actual Haiti and Dominican Republic) started, being a turning point in the abolishment of trans-Atlantic slave trade. Slaves, who had escaped, had organized themselves and killed every white men they met, and put fire to their possessions. They carried the corpse of a white baby as their mascot. This rebellion killed ten thousand slaves and two thousand colonists. Two years later, slavery was abolished on t he island of Hispaniola. In 1803, French dominion of his island came to an end. Only in 1888, Brazil abolished slavery, as one of the latter nations. The day of Remembrance was introduced in Haiti in 1998, followed by Senegal in 1999. In 1998, the day was also adopted by the United Nations. This day is different of the ‘International Day of Remembrance of Victims of Slavery and Transatlantic Slave Trade’ (25 March).

 
© http://www.unslaverymemorial.org / Slave Memorial, Stonetown, Zanzibar (r)

SLAVERY IN BRAZIL
A ESCRAVIDÃO NO BRASIL EM FOTOS REAIS INÉDITAS	Escravidão no Brasil – Negros

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1892
Death of Marshal Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (1827-1892), first Brazilian president (1889-1891).

Da Fonseca made his career in the Brazilian army, and participated in the wars against Cisplatina (actual Uruguay) and Paraguay. He led the military coup to end the imperial monarchy, and proclaimed the Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889. Soon Da Fonseca had conflicts with the military staff, but he was elected president in 1891, thanks to the pressure by the military leaders. Within one year, he was forced to step down, when admiral Custódio de Melo threatened to bomb Rio de Janeiro. Marshal Floriano Vieira Peixoto succeeded him as Brazilian president.

Statue in Marechal Deodoro (AL)

DEODORO A FONSECA

Construtores do Brasil – Deodoro da Fonseca

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1890
Foundation of the Brazilian stock exchange Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA).

On August 23, 1890, a group led by Emílio Rangel Pestana founded the Bolsa Livre, the actual BOVESPA, in São Paulo. This stock exchange was shut down in 1891 already, but reopened again, in 1895, as the Bolsa de Fundos Públicos de São Paulo. At that time, the stocks were registered om huge black stone plaques; therefore, this ear was called the “Idade da Pedra”. In 1934, the stock exchange, transferred to Palácio do Café, was renamed into Bolsa Oficial de Valores de São Paulo. The stock exchange received its actual name in 1967. In 1972, the exchange became automated, to be the first in Brazil, and computerized in 1990. From 2000 to 2006, all regional exchanges in Brazil merged into the BOVESPA. BOVESPA is market leader in Southern America with about seventy percent of the market share of this continent.

BOVESPA

Bovespa Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo Brasil Brazil Mercado de Ações

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

Brazilian Days (234): August 22

Brazilian Days 234

August 22

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Folclore

(Folklore). The term folklore (folk (folk) + lore (knowledge)) was introduced on August 22, 1846, by the Englishman William John Thoms (1803-1855). As an expert of European culture, Thoms had published an article with the title “Folk-lore”. Folklore may be described as the collection of predominantly cultural happenings, stories, and rituals, as used by a certain group of people. The day of the folklore was introduced in 1965.

William Thoms

A brief overview of Brazilian folklore (per region), which has influences from indian, African, and European cultures.

Southern region:
Dance: congada, cateretê, baião, chula, chimarrita, jardineira, marujada.
Feasts: Nossa Senhora dos Navegadores, in Porto Alegre; da Uva, in Caxias do Sul; da Cerveja, in Blumenau; festas juninas; rodeios.
Legends: Negrinho do Pastoreio, do Sapé, Tiaracaju do Boitatá, do Boiguaçú, do Curupira, do Saci-Pererê.
Dishes: churrasco, arroz-de-carreteiro, feijoada, fervido.
Drinks: chimarrão, with erva-mate.

Southeastern region:
Dance: fandango, folia de reis, catira and batuque.
Legends: Lobisomem, Mula-sem-cabeça, Iara, Lagoa Santa.
Dishes: tutu de feijão, feijoada, lingüiça, carne de porco.
Handicraft: trabalhos in pedra-sabão, colchas, bordados, and trabalhos in cerâmica.

Southwestern region:
Dance: tapiocas, congada, reisado, folia de reis, cururu and tambor.
Feasts: carvalhada, tourada, festas juninas.
Legends: pé-de-garrafa, Lobisomem, Saci-Pererê, Ramãozinho.
Dishes: arroz de carreteiro, mandioca, peixes.

Northeastern region:
Dance: frevo, bumba-meu-boi, maracatu, baião, capoeira, caboclinhos, bambolê, congada, carvalhada and cirandas.
Feasts: Senhor do Bonfim, Nossa. Senhora da Conceição, Iemanjá, in Bahia; Missa do Vaqueiro, Paixão de Cristo, in Pernambuco; romarias (pilgrimages) – in Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará.

Northern region:
Dance: marujada, carimbó, boi-bumbá, ciranda.
Feasts: Círio de Nazaré (Belém), indígenas.
Handicraft: cerâmica marajoara, máscaras indígenas, artigos feitos in palha.
Legends: Sumaré, Iara, Curupira, da Vitória-régia, Mandioca, Uirapuru.
Dishes: caldeirada de tucunaré, tacacá, tapioca, prato no tucupi .

BRAZILIAN FOLKLORE
‘What is Brazilian Folklore?’	Cortejo Cultural – Dia do Folclore (Pará)
FOLCLORE BRASILEIRO (Danças Brasileiras)	FOLCLORE BRASILEIRO (Bacamarteiros)
FOLCLORE – FOLIA-DE-REIS (01)	FOLCLORE – FOLIA-DE-REIS (02)
FOLCLORE – Banda de CONGO (Danças Brasileiras)	SALA DOS MILAGRES – João Pessoa-PB

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Dia do Excepcional

(People with a mental disability). Included are children and adults with a mental disability, sensoric disability, communicative or behavioral disturbances, or a combination of those, or severe brain disorders. In this case deaf, deaf-mute, and blind people, autistic, but also people gifted with extraordinary intelligence, and patients with the Syndrome of Down. The Federation of APAEs (Associação dos Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais; Association of parents and friends of persons with a mental disorder) organizes every year, during one week in which the Dia do Excepcional is, a week of extra attention for the wellness of people with a mental disability. Theme for 2007 was:

“Participação e Autogestão: em busca da igualdade de oportunidades”

(Integration and independence: looking for equal opportunities)

PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
FENAPAES – Video para internet	hino do excepcional
Comercial Inclusão Social – Pessoa com Deficiência	DEFICIÊNCIAS – MARIO QUINTANA

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Dia do Supervisor de Educação

(Educational pedagogue). Local and regional governments organize gatherings and activities for the educational pedagogues.

SUPERVISOR DE EDUCAÇÃO

Homenagem ao dia do Supervisor Educacional

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1976
Former president Juscelino Kubitschek died in a car crash.

Jota Ká, the initials of one of the most popular presidents of Brazil: Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (1902-1976). He was born in the historical town of Diamantina, in Minas Gerais. Juscelino was sent to a seminary, but did not meet his convocation there. He moved to Belo Horizonte, to work as a telegraphist, and to study Medicine at night. Juscelino graduated in 1927, got married in 1931, and started his political career in 1933. In 1935, he gained a seat in the parliament. In 1940, Juscelino was proposed as prefeito (major) of the city of Belo Horizonte. He initially refused – he preferred to continue his medical profession -, but was then appointed by decree. During his government, the large avenidas and the artificial lake Pampulha were constructed. In 1945, when Vargas was put aside as Brazilian president, political purges were held, and also Juscelino had to resign. He was elected Brazilian president in 1955, and he came into office in 1956. Juscelino took the initiative to create the new capital of Brazil: Brasília. Already in 1960, the new capital was inaugurated. However, Juscelino was defeated by Jânio Quadros during the presidential elections in 1960. His vice president was João Goulart, who was Juscelinos vice president during his government. Quadros resigned in 1961, Goulart was his successor. Goulart was put aside by a military coup in 1964. The military junta blocked all political activities for the popular Kubitschek for a period of ten years. Juscelino moved to Europe, where he stayed in France and Portugal until 1967. One year later, he ended his political career, and started to run a farm. In 1976, he was killed in a car accident at Dutre, near Resende in the state of Rio de Janeiro. There are still serious doubts of the real cause of the road accident, strengthened by a message that was published two weeks before the accident, that Juscelino would die in a car crash. More than 30 thousand mourners witnessed his funeral in Brasília. TV channel Globo produced a tv series about his life: ‘JK’. In May 2012, the Comissão da Verdade, responsible for the investigation of the crimes committed during the dictatorship (1964-1985), is planning to re-investigate the exact cause of the car accident.

“Cinquenta anos em cinco”

Motto of JK

   

 

JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK
Juscelino Kubitschek – Série “Construtores do Brasil”	Brasilia: a construção de um sonho
JB – 22 de agosto de 1976 – JK morre em acidente de carro	Entrevista a Juscelino Kubitschek
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 1)	Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 2)
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 3)	Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 4)
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 5)	Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 6)
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 7)	Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 8)
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (parte 9)	Minisserie JK – Ultimo Capitulo – Parte 1/5
Minisserie JK – Ultimo Capitulo – Parte 2/5	Minisserie JK – Ultimo Capitulo – Parte 3/5
Minisserie JK – Ultimo Capitulo – Parte 4/5	Minisserie JK – Ultimo Capitulo – Parte 5/5
The JK Era	1956 – POSSE DE JUSCELINO KUBITSCHEK

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1942
Brazil declared war to the nations of the Axis: Germany and Italy.

“Não há como negar que Alemanha e Itália praticaram contra o Brasil atos de guerra, criando a situação de beligerancia”

WAR DECLARATION

WWll-1942 Brazil declares war!!

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (233): August 21

Brazilian Days 233

August 21

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Habitação

(Brazilian Day of Habitat). it is only about 4000 years ago, that our primitive ancestors constructed their first dwellings of stone, clay or wood. This evolution accelerated significantly, to the actual skyscrapers (arranha-ceús). Also Brazil has to deal with a structural shortage of houses for its population. The migration from the poor northeastern regions to the richer southeastern and southern regions has resulted in uncontrolled construction of the so-called favelas at the margins of the major cities. It is estimated that at least 6.6 million houses are needed, in order to provide all Brazilians comfortable shelter. This shortage will even increase, now more Brazilians are starting to live alone. The UN-Day of the Habitat is on the first Monday of October.

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Dia Nacional do Catecismo

(Catechism). Today is the day of death (1914) and feast day of pope Pius X, a fervent supporter of the study of catechism.

CATECHISM
Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 01	Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 02
Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 03	Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 04
Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 05	Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 06
Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 07	Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 08
Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 09	Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 10
Catecismo da Igreja Católica – parte 11

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1823
Death of Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros,

Brazilian hero and first female soldier. Read more about her in Brazilian Days 232.

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1972
Brazil welcomed the 100 millionth inhabitant.

According to the census of 2010, Brazil counted a little more than 190 million inhabitants.

no dia 21/8/2007
Somos agora no Brasil: 186.942.463 habitantes.

no dia 29/04/2011
Somos agora no Brasil: 190.755.799 habitantes.

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2001
Abduction of the daughter of TV presenter Silvio Santos, Patrícia Abravanel (24).

She was abducted at a Tuesday morning, when she was on the way to the university, where she studied Administrative Sciences. Seven days later, she was freed, after the payment of ransom. At present she is a vicar. The leader of the abductors, Fernando Dutra Pinto, then 22 years old, died under natural circumstances, six months later.

ABDUCTION PATRÍCIA ABRAVANEL
O sequestro de Silvio Santos e Patricia Abravanel (2001)	Jornal Nacional – Filha de Silvio Santos Sequestrada
Testemunho Patricia Abravanel sequestro: “Existe sim um Deus”	Silvio Santos fala sobre o fim do sequestro de sua Filha

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1989
Death of singer Raul Seixas (1945-1989)

Raul Santos Seixas was born in Salvador. His first encounter with student life as a teenager was quite problematic. He was more interested in rock music, and was expelled from school. At another school, he started to gain interest in literature, but kept on hating school. In order to continue his relationship with Edith, he finished his high school and was admitted to the university. He married Edith. (He was married five times). Raul then created his rock group ‘Raulzito e os Panteras ‘ and quickly gained local fame. They played covers of The Beatles, Little Richard, Elvis Presley, added with some own music. He was advised to move to the southeast, but did not manage to gain more fame with his band. Raul, fluent in English, became an English teacher and started to work as a producer at CBS Records. From 1971, he started to produce his own music, which is characterized by a mix of Tropicalia, Rock ‘n Roll, and surrealistic experimental music. As was the case with many musicians of that time, his music was heavily censored. As a reaction, Raul gave his lyrics double meanings. In 1989, Raul died of a cardiac arrest, due to acute pancreatitis. He is now considered as the ‘Pai do Rock Brasil’, the father of Brazilian rock music. A number of posthumous albums were released, which became successful too. It has become some kind of a habit to shout ‘Toca Raul!’ (Play Raul) at any concert in Brazil.

   

RAUL SEIXAS
RAUL SEIXAS NO PROGRAMA DO JÔ SOARES ( A ULTIMA ENTREVISTA)	Raul Seixas – Filme Ritmo Alucinante
Por Toda a Minha Vida – Raul Seixas	Raul Seixas – O início o fim e o meio (Fantástico)
Raul seixas – O Trem das Sete	Raul seixas – O Dia Em Que A Terra Parou
21/08/1989 o fim de raul seixas e o velorio

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1898
Foundation of rowing club Vasco da Gama.

Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, that is the official name for the rowing – and later soccer – club in Rio de Janeiro. On August 21, 1898 62 young men from Portuguese lineage gathered to found the rowing club:

“Aos 21 dias do mes de agosto de 1898, as 2:30 horas da tarde, reunidos na sala do predio da Rua da Saude numero 293 os senhores constantes do livro de presencas, assumiu a presidencia o Sr. Gaspar de Castro e depois de convidar para ocuparem as cadeiras de secretarios os senhores Virgilio Carvalho do Amaral como 1o. e Henrique Ferreira como 2o., declarou que a presente reuniao tinha o fito de fundar-se nesta Capital da Republica dos Estados Unidos do Brasil, uma associacao com o titulo de Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama (…)”

As a symbol, a shield was selected with a caravel on it, with a red Maltese cross (in fact a Cruz Patée!) on its white sail, referring to the Portuguese vessels during the era of the discoveries. In 1913, a soccer team arrived from Lisbon, as invited by soccer club Botafogo. A group of Portuguese migrants became inspired to found their own soccer club: Lusitania Sport Club. This club was later linked to Vasco da Gama. Only at the end of 1915, the soccer team played its first match as a club. A few years later, the club was invited to join the state competition. Vasco managed to become national champion in 1974, 1989, 1997 and 2000. Vasco won the Libertadores two times, in 1948, and in 1998. In 1953 and in 1957, Vasco won the World Tournament for Club teams. Famous names are Ademir, Vavá, Bebeto, and Romário. Dutch swimmer and four-time Olympic gold medalist Inge de Bruin was contracted by Vasco in 2000.

 

 
Winners of the Libertadores Cup in 1948 (l) and 1998 (r)

Winner of the Intercontinental Tournament in 1957
(with Pelé!)

Official YouTube Channel Vasco

VASCO DA GAMA
HISTÓRIA DO VASCO DA GAMA PARTE 1	HISTÓRIA DO VASCO DA GAMA PARTE 2
HISTÓRIA DO VASCO DA GAMA PARTE 3	HISTÓRIA DO VASCO DA GAMA PARTE 4
1948 – Vasco Campeão Sul-Americano	South American Club championship 1948
VASCO 4X3 REAL MADRID – CAMPEÃO DO 1° TORNEIO DE PARIS	Vasco 4×3 Real Madrid na final do Mundial de Paris
Vasco x Arsenal – 1949	Libertadores 1998: A conquista do Vasco – Parte 1
Libertadores 1998: A conquista do Vasco – Parte 2	Libertadores 1998: A conquista do Vasco – Parte 3
HINO DO VASCO DA GAMA	Trailer do filme sobre a história do Vasco

By  Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (232): August 20

Brazilian Days 232

August 20

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Maçom

(Freemason). According to the dictionary of Freemasonry, the actual Freemasonry was founded in London, on June 24, 1717. The origin of the word – maçom in Portuguese, maçon in French, Metz in German – is to be traced back in the work of mason. The origin of freemasonry is found in the legends of Isis and Osiris in the Egyptian Era. In addition, roots of freemasonry are to be found in the Order of the Templar and the Brotherhood of the Rosary. In 1723, the Anglican vicar James Anderson published the constitution that now still is considered as the basis of freemasonry. The date of August 20 is not random, but in fact also not the exact date: It was predicted that on the 20th day of the sixth masonic month of masonic year 5822, the independence of Brazil would be declared by Freemasons. The masonic year has 4000 years difference with the Gregorian calendar. However, there is a deviation of 20 days in 4000 years time, the predicted date should then be September 9. Freemasons Dom Pedro I and José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva were the architects of the independence of Brazil, on September 7, 1822. The day of August 20 was maintained as the Dia do Maçom.

 

FREEMASONRY
History of Freemasonry Part 1	History of Freemasonry Part 2
History of Freemasonry Part 3	History of Freemasonry Part 4
History of Freemasonry Part 5	History of Freemasonry Part 6
Freemason Symbols and Secrets: Part 1	Freemason Symbols and Secrets: Part 2
História da Maçonaria no Brasil-Parte-1	História da Maçonaria no Brasil-Parte-2
Freemasons Ritual Video	Secret History of the Freemasons

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Dia do Vizinho

(Neighbors). This day has been introduced by Cora Coralina (see below), in Goiãs in 1977, to honor her helpful neighbors. There were attempts to have this day on the national calendar. But there is already a Dia do Vizinho, on December 23…

source

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1889
Birth of poet Cora Coralina (1889-1985).

Ana Lins do Guimarães Peixoto Brêtas, her genuine name, was born in the state of Goiás. Already at the age of 14, Cora wrote her first poem: Tragédia da Roça. She escaped her parental house in 1911, and moved to São Paulo. There she married her beloved, in 1926. He died in 1934. In 1956, Cora returned to Goiás, where she dedicated herself to write poetry about life in general, and the things around her. Another famous poet, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, was a great admirer of her work.

CORA CORALINA
Documentário Cora Coralina	120 anos de Cora Coralina- Repórter Assembleia
Cora Coralina (1/2) – De Lá Pra Cá	Cora Coralina (2/2) – De Lá Pra Cá
Cora Coralina – TV integração Canal 11 – Alto Araguaia-MT	Cora Coralina, O Chamado das Pedras
Poeminha Amoroso – Cora Coralina	Não sei – Cora Coralina

POEMINHA AMOROSO

Este é um poema de amor
tão meigo, tão terno, tão teu…
É uma oferenda aos teus momentos
de luta e de brisa e de céu…
E eu,
quero te servir a poesia
numa concha azul do mar
ou numa cesta de flores do campo.
Talvez tu possas entender o meu amor.
Mas se isso não acontecer,
não importa.
Já está declarado e estampado
nas linhas e entrelinhas
deste pequeno poema,
o verso;
o tão famoso e inesperado verso que
te deixará pasmo, surpreso, perplexo…
eu te amo, perdoa-me, eu te amo…”

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1823
Hero Maria Quitéria decorated with the Imperial Ordem do Cruzeiro.

Maria Quitéria de Jesus Medeiros (±1792 – 1853) was born near the Bahian city of Feira de Santana. She lost her mother at early age, she never entered school. She learned horse riding, hunting, and the use of fire arms at the fazenda. She enlisted the Brazilian army by pretending to be a man. He used some kind of a Scottish skirt over her uniform. She participated in battles, and even managed to survive an ambush and capture the Portuguese soldiers. Maria was hailed as a hero in Salvador, she received the imperial decorations on August 20. After this, she married and had a daughter. Her husband died early, Maria died at the age of 61, completely forgotten, in Salvador in August 1853.

“Querendo conceder a D. Maria Quitéria de Jesus o distintivo que assinala os Serviços Militares que com denodo raro, entre as mais do seu sexo, prestara à Causa da Independência deste Império, na porfiosa restauração da Capital da Bahia, hei de permitir-lhe o uso da insígnia de Cavaleiro da Ordem Imperial do Cruzeiro“.

   

MARIA QUITÉRIA
MARIA QUITÉRIA: A MULHER NA HISTÓRIA	Construtores Brasil – Maria Quitéria

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1779
Birth of Frei Caneca.

Frei Joaquim do Amor Divino Caneca was born in Recife, under the name Joaquim da Silva Rabelo. His father produced barrels and cans, hence his nickname ‘Caneca’. At the age of 17, Joaquim became carmelite, and named himself Joaquim do Amor Divino Caneca, five years later. Joaquim was one of greatest literary thinkers at the time of the Brazilian independence. He was one of the thriving forces behind the Confederação do Equador, an alliance of some northeastern states against the imperial dominance. In 1825, Frei Caneca was condemned to death. He was not hung (three different men refused this ‘work’), but he was shot, in Fort das Cinco Pontas, Recife.

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1990
Commercial activities permitted (at limited scale) on Sundays, by decree.

One year later, this decree was recalled, and reintroduced again in 1992. Five years later the decree became elaborated, to the introduction of the law in 2000, which officially allowed commercial activities on Sundays.

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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Brazilian Days (231): August 19

Brazilian Days 231

August 19

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Ator

(Actor). Besides this Dia do Ator, also the Dia do Ator Profissional, the professional actor, exists, on March 27.

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Dia do Artista de Teatro

(Theater artist)

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Dia Nacional da Aviação Agrícola

(Brazilian Day of Agricultural Aviation). To keep control of the enormous areas of cropland, water lands, and forest, airplanes are essential. On August 19, 1947, Clóvis Candiota (patron of agricultural aviation since 1989) started the first agricultural flight from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. This day was introduced by law in 1989.

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Dia do Pernambuco

(Pernambuco). Introduced in 2006. See below.

PERNAMBUCO
Pernambuco. É só Chegar.	Pernambuco – Brazil (English)
Dicionário de pernambuquês	Belezas de Pernambuco
Pernambuco Turismo	SER PERNAMBUCANO É
Pernambuco, um pedacinho do Brasil

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Dia Mundial do Fotógrafo e da Fotografia

(World day of the photographer and photography). On August 19, 1839, in front of an enthusiastic crowd at the Académie des Sciences and the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the secrets of the first photographic images were revealed by the romantic painter and engraver Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787-1851). Already in January that year, his works were shown: still life of famous locations in Paris, made on a copper sheet, with a layer of polished silver leaf, he so-called daguerréotype. Unfortunately, a great fire in his laboratory destroyed a great part of it: his inventions and notes. Only 25 Daguerréotypes were saved. (See for explanatory video).

YouTube channel: History of Photography (519 videos)

PHOTOGRAPHY
Photo History of the people of Earth 1839 to 1853	Long Gone: Daguerreotypes 1840-1860

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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2003
Death of UN representative Sérgio Vieira de Mello (1948-2003) in Baghdad (Iraq).

Sérgio studied philosophy in Paris. During his studies, he started to work for the United Nations. Since 1981, Sérgio was a rising star. He then became chief adviser of the UN missions, in Cambodia, Rwanda, Kosovo, East Timor, and became High Commissioner of Refugees in 2002; In 2002, Sérgio became special representative in Baghdad, upon personal request of his chief Kofi Annan. Together with Sérgio, more 22 UN workers were killed in a bomb attack.

SÉRGIO VIEIRA DE MELLO
Sergio Vieira de Mello – In memory of…	SERGIO – Trailer #2

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1849
Birth of Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910).

Joaquim Aurélio Barreto Nabuco de Araújo studied law in São Paulo, and continued in Recife. In 1869, he wrote “A escravidão (the slavery)”. There was a lot of commotion when Joaquim defended a black slave, who had killed his master. In 1872, his first book was published: Camões e os Lusíadas. As an elected representative, he defended the rights of the Indians, he condemned the exploration of the Xingú area, and opposed against the arrival of Chinese as substitutes of slaves at the plantations. He named this substitution the ‘Mongolization of our Country‘. Joaquim battled bitterly for the abolition of slavery, until the abolition of it in 1888. In 1869, he was one of the founders of the Brazilian Academy of Literature, and was named as secretary for life. Joaquim also was involved in the dispute of the partition of British Guyana, considered as a defeat for Brazil. He worked as a diplomat in London, and became the first Brazilian ambassador in the United States. He died there, after a long sickbed. Since 2006, his birth date is called the Dia do Pernambuco, thanks to his efforts for this state.

  

JOAQUIM NABUCO
Joaquim Nabuco (1/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (2/4) – De Lá Pra Cá
Joaquim Nabuco (3/4) – De Lá Pra Cá	Joaquim Nabuco (4/4) – De Lá Pra Cá
Diálogo com Joaquim Nabuco

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1981
First broadcast of Brazilian TV channel SBT.

SBT, Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão, was founded in 1981, by the very popular presenter Silvio Santos. Silvio (1930, his real name is Senor Abravanel, son of Greek-Turkish migrants) presents, for almost fifty (!) years, a broad scale of TV programs, presumably amusement and family games. his nickname is therefore “O mensageira da alegria, the messenger of the laugh“. The first broadcast of SBT was the registration of the signing ceremony of the contract by Silvio and Brazilian president Ernesto Geisel. SBT suffered losses in the first decade of its existence, despite the growth of its market share. At present SBT claims to be watched by one quarter of Brazilian TV watchers. Almost no one has to be afraid to miss any second of the SBT programs, since the more than 100 satellite dishes guarantee a nationwide coverage of almost 100 percent.

   

Some curiosities about Silvio: despite his age of 80, he always gets up at six, and does his daily gymnastic routine. Thanks to two plastic surgeries (the most recent dates from 2005), his appearance is much younger. He frequently uses UV treatments, has his hair dyed every two weeks. He is very rich, his personal income is calculated to be 15 million reais per year. SBT has a value of about 1 to 1.5 billion reais, but Silvio only wants to sell his jewel for 2 billion. Besides TV activities, Silvio’s company also is holding a bank, insurances, leasing activities, and credit card administration. Silvio is very popular in Brazil. A poll in 1988 demonstrated that he would have won the presidential elections, if he had be one of the candidates. One year later, he became presidential candidate, but an administrative error blocked his candidacy. Personal drama for Silvio was the sequestration of Silvio and his family in 2001.

SBT
Nascimento do SBT no dia 19 de Agosto de 1981	Homenagem Silvio Santos 80 Anos
Conheça a Próxima Dona do SBT – Patrícia Abravanel	SBT 25 anos – 1ª parte
SBT 25 anos – 2ª parte	SBT 25 anos – 3ª parte

 

By. Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015

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