Brazilian Days (345): December 11

Brazilian Days 345

December 11

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Tango

(Tango). The day refers to the birth of Carlos Gardel in 1890, and of Julio de Caro (1899). Carlos was one of the major references of the tango dance, while Julio was director of an orchestra who had renewing influences upon the tango. It is not entirely clear what is the origin of the name tango. Some sources mention ‘tamgu’ (dance with the rhythm of the drum) from Nigeria. In Buenos Aires, however, it is believed that black people named their musical instrument ‘tangor’, because of their difficulties of the pronunciation of ‘tambor’. Initially, the tango was accompanied by a flute, guitar or violin. Since ealry 1900, with the arrival of German migrants, accordions were used too. At present, the bandoneon is more common as one of the accompanying instruments.

 

  

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Dia do Arquiteto

(Architect). This day has recently been moved to 15 December, the birthday of Oscar Niemeyer, one of Brazil’s greatest architects.

  

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Dia do Engenheiro

(Engineer). On 11 December 1933, Decreto Federal 23.569 was promulgated. This decree regulated the professions of engineer, architect, and geometer. The CONFEA (Conselho Federal de Engenharia e Agronomia; Federal Board of Engineering and Agronomy) was created on the same day.

  

  

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Dia do Agrimensor

(Geometer). On 11 December 1933, Decreto Federal 23.569 was promulgated. This decree regulated the professions of engineer, architect, and geometer. Another Dia do Agrimensor is on 4 June.

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Dia Internacional das Montanhas

(International Mountain Day). International Mountain Day is an opportunity to create awareness about the importance of mountains to life, to highlight the opportunities and constraints in mountain development and to build partnerships that will bring positive change to the world’s mountains and highlands.

“Mountains – Key to a Sustainable Future”

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1826
Death of D. Leopoldina, first Brazilian empress, in Rio de Janeiro

  

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1964
First show of “Opinião” in Rio de Janeiro

  

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1893
Birth of educator Alceu Amoroso Lima

  

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1994
Death of actor Dionísio de Azevedo

  

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1981
Fire destroyed 18 out of 22 floors of the Barão de Mauá Building in Rio de Janeiro.

  

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1989
Kidnapping of businessman Abílio dos Santos Diniz, vice-president of Pão de Açúcar Group

Five men were involved in the kidnapping.

  

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (344): December 10

Brazilian Days 344

December 10

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Palhaço

(Day of the Clown). The International Clown Day is celebrated in various countries. In Peru, the day is celebrated on 25 May, and in Mexico and Brazil, it is celebrated on 10 December, while other countries have their clown day on 1 April. The idea of celebrating Clown Day in Brazil originated in São Paulo in 1981. In that year, Cia. Abracadraba, a traveling circus company, had Mexican clowns working, who wanted to have introduced their Mexican Clown Day in Brazil. Since then, Clown Day is celebrated in a growing number of cities.

 

  

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Dia Universal dos Direitos Humanos

(Universal Day of Human Rights). Human Rights Day is observed by the international community every year on 10 December. It commemorates the day in 1948 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In 1950, the Human Rights Day was introduced (Resolution 423). When the General Assembly adopted the Declaration, with 48 states in favor and eight abstentions, it was proclaimed as a “common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations”, towards which individuals and societies should “strive by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance”. Although the Declaration with its broad range of political, civil, social, cultural and economic rights is not a binding document, it inspired more than 60 human rights instruments which together constitute an international standard of human rights.

2013 Theme:

20 Years Working for Your Rights

    

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1572
Division of Brazil in two administrative regions: North with Salvador as capital, and South with Rio de Janeiro as capital.

Earlier in 1572, governor Mem de Sá had died. His already appointed successor, D. Luís de Vasconcelos, had died in an attack by the French, when he was on the way to Brazil. In order to realize a better administration of the Brazilian colony, the Portuguese Crown decided to split the colony in two parts. However, this separation proved not to be sucessful, and Brazil was united again in 1578.

  

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1825
Brazil declared war against the governments of the provinces of Rio da Prata (Cisplatina War).

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1916
Introduction of conscription in Brazil.

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1959
Jânio Quadros nominated as presidential candidate for the UDN party.

    

  

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1981
Introduction of the Usucaption Law

A Brazilian worker who constructs a house and plant the area, which is smaller than 25 hectares, without any opposition against for five years, may consider himself as the owner of the area and the house.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (343): December 9

Brazilian Days 343

December 9

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DAY OF:

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Dia do Fonoaudiólogo

Phonologist/ Audiologist)

  

  

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Dia da Criança Defeituosa

(Disabled Child).

  

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Dia do Alcoólatra Recuperado

(Treated Alcoholic)

  

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Dia do Profissional da Culinária

(Culinary Professional).

  

  

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Dia Internacional contra a Corrupção

(International Anti-Corruption Day). Corruption is a complex social, political and economic phenomenon that affects all countries. Corruption undermines democratic institutions, slows economic development and contributes to governmental instability. Corruption attacks the foundation of democratic institutions by distorting electoral processes, perverting the rule of law and creating bureaucratic quagmires whose only reason for existing is the soliciting of bribes. On 31 October 2003, the UN General Assembly adopted the UN Convention against Corruption (Resolution 58/4). The Assembly also designated 9 December as International Anti-Corruption Day, to raise awareness of corruption, and of the role of the Convention in combating and preventing it.

 

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1964
Death of poet Cecília Meireles.

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1965
Tiradentes declared Patron of the Brazilian Nation.

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1977
Death of writer Clarice Lispector.

    

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1988
First liver transplantation with a living donor

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1998
Central do Brasil won National Board of Review Award in the category of Best Foreign Film.

  

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (342): December 8

Brazilian Days 342

December 8

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Justiça

(Justice). This day was established (by Lei (law) 1,408) by President Getúlio Vargas on 9 August 1951. The day will be used by the magistrates to reflect about the meaning of their profession in the actual world. The International Justice Day is on 17 July.

  

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Dia da Mulata

(Mulat)

  

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Dia do Cronista Esportivo

(Sports Journalist)

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Dia Nacional da Família

(Family)

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1913
Marriage of President Marshal Hermes da Fonseca with the young cartoonist Nair de Teffé. She was 27, while the president was 58.

    

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1994
Death of composer Tom Jobim, one of the creators of the Bossa Nova.

Antônio Carlos Jobim was born 25 January 1927 in Rio de Janeiro. His parents separated when he was eight. After his father’s death, his mother remarried. And it was his stepfather who encouraged Tom to start his musical career. We learned to play music instruments and started to play in bars and nightclubs. His compositions were mainly influenced by Brazilian composer Pixinguinha, by French composers like Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel, and by Brazilian composer Heitor Villa-Lobos. His songs are inspired upon love, betrayal, self-discovery and natural wonders. His career got a boost when he started to collaborate with diplomat/poet Vinicius de Morais. They worked together when producing music for the movie ‘Black Orpheus’. Without doubt, his most popular composition is ‘Garota de Ipanema’, which gained a Grammy Award as the record of the year in 1965. In the 1960s, Tom gained international fame with the bossa nova music style. In 1994, Tom died of a cardiac arrest, while he was in New York for a surgical treatment of bladder cancer. The International airport in Rio de Janeiro is named after him.

  

  

TOM JOBIM
A Música Segundo Tom Jobim	Tom Jobim e a Bossa Nova – Documentário 1993
Tom Jobim: Garota de Ipanema (com Vinicius de Moraes)	Garota de Ipanema – Roberto Carlos & Caetano Veloso (Tom Jobim & Vinicius de Moraes)
Tom Jobim Canta Vinicius de Moraes | (Álbum Completo) (Full Album) [1990]	Tom Jobim and Astrud Gilberto – Viva Brasil
Assista à íntegra da entrevista com Tom Jobim (1993)	Homenagem a Tom Jobim | concerto televisionado completo

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1996
Assaulter Leonardo Pareja killed by prisoners in Centro Penitenciário Agroindustrial do Estado de Goiás.

Leonardo was known for challenging the police and for leading revolts.

  

LEONARDO PAREJA
Leonardo Pareja	Documentário Leonardo Pareja

 

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007,2015
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Brazilian Days (341): December 7

Brazilian Days 341

December 7

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DAY OF:

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Dia Internacional da Aviação Civil    

(International Civil Aviation Day). The day was stablished in 1994 by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) by the UN General Assembly (Resolution A29-1), in order to mark the 50th anniversary of the organization, created on 7 December 1944. In 1996, the General Assembly recognized this day as an official UN day. The purpose of the global celebration is to generate and reinforce worldwide awareness of the importance of international civil aviation in the social and economic development of States, and of the role of ICAO in promoting the safety, efficiency and regularity of international air transport. Every day 93,000 flights are starting from approx. 9,000 airports. At all times there are between 8,000 and 13,000 airplanes in the air.

Theme for 2012 was:

Aviation: Your Reliable Connection to the World

INTERNATIONAL AVIATION
airtraffic volume for 24 hour period	All the Airlines of the World

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1848
Death of dramaturg Martins Pena

    

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1933
Change of the Brazilian capital to Planalto Central was proposed to Constituinte

The proposal was an initiative of general Cristovão Barcelos.

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1987
Inclusion of Brasília on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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1866
Commercial ships from all nations were allowed to navigate on the Amazon River and its side rivers, and on the São Francisco River.

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1988
First successful heart-lung transplantation realized in São Paulo.

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By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (340): December 6

Brazilian Days 340

December 6

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DAY OF:

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Dia Nacional do Extensionista Rural

(Brazilian Day of Rural Expansion). This day was established by Lei (Act) 12,386 of 3 March 2011, with support from ASBRAER (Associação Brasileira das Entidades de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural; Brazilian Association of Technical Assistance and Rural Expansion Units), in order to commemorate the day of the creation of Acar-MG (Associação de Crédito e Assistência Rural de Minas Gerais; Assocation of Rural Credit and Assistance in Minas Gerais), on 6 December 1948. These institutions represent professionals who have direct contact with the farmers and their families, and provide assistance for their development. About 70 percent of Brazilian food consumption is composed of Brazilian rural products.

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1976
Death of João Belchior M. Goulart, former president of Brazil, in Argentina

In 1964, President João Goulart, nicknamed Jango, was forced to step down after a military coup and go into exile. Recently his corpse was exhumed in order to find out if he was poisoned.

  

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1996
Death of composer João do Vale

  

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1868
Battle of Itororó, during the Paraguayan War.

About five thousand Paraguayans confronted twenty thousand Brazilians, commanded by Duque de Caxias.

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2001
Sailor Peter Blake, from New Zealand, murdered in Amazonas

Peter was considered as the best in his discipline. He died at the age of 53, after armed robbers invaded his sailing boot during his expedition on the Amazon River.

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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Brazilian Days (339): December 5

Brazilian Days 339

December 5

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DAY OF:

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Dia da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira

(Brazilian Red Cross). Already in 1907, Dr. Joaquim de Oliveira Botelho, inspired by what he saw in other countries, had the idea of establishing a Brazilian Red Cross Organization. On 5 December 1908, the ‘Estatutos da Sociedade’ (Statutes) were approved in a meeting in Rio de Janeiro. The first president was Oswaldo Cruz.

   

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Dia Internacional dos Voluntários para o Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social

(International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development). The International Volunteer Day for Social and Economic Development (IVD), established by the UN General Assembly to be commemorated on 5 December every year, is about telling the world what volunteers and volunteer-involving organizations achieve for peace and sustainable development.

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Dia Internacional do Voluntário

(International Volunteer Day). The IVD was established by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly through Resolution 40/212 on 17 December 1985. Since then, governments, the UN system and civil society organizations have successfully joined volunteers around the world to celebrate the Day on 5 December.

Theme for 2013:
YOUNG. GLOBAL. ACTIVE

  

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BRAZILIAN HISTORY:

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1934
Death of writer Humberto de Campos.

  

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1891
Death of Dom Pedro II, former emperor of Brazil in exile

  

  

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1889
Arrival of Dom Pedro II and his family in Lisbon

They were exiled from Brazil on November 17, shortly after the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic.

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1908
Foundation of Cruz Vermelha Brasileira (Brazilian Red Cross).

See above.

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1967
Creation of Funai (Fundação Nacional do Índio; Brazilian Indian Foundation).

  

By Adriano Antoine Robbesom © 2007, 2015
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